Abstract: A developing device includes a supply member disposed to rotate in contact with a developer carrier to supply a developer layer having a predetermined thickness to the developer carrier surface. A layer forming member is disposed to abut against the developer carrier to regulate the layer thickness of the developer so as to form a thin developer layer on the developer carrier. A bias application unit applies an AC-superimposed bias voltage to the developer carrier. The AC-superimposed bias voltage is formed by superimposing an alternating current on a DC bias voltage. A latent image on a latent image carrier is developed with the thin developer layer formed on the developer carrier by the layer forming member. The bias application unit sets a maximum value of the AC-superimposed bias voltage lower than the charge potential of the latent image carrier, and sets the DC bias voltage lower than the middle between the charge and exposure potentials of the latent image carrier.

Abstract: A mainspring used as a power source for a driving mechanism is made of an amorphous metal sheet, and has an S-shaped free-exploded shape. The curvature changing point, where the curving direction of the free-exploded shape changes is formed on the inner end side of a middle point between the inner end on the winding side and the outer end serving as the other end of the inner end. Because of the high tensile stress and a low Young's modulus, the amorphous metal permits increase in mechanical energy stored in the mainspring.

Abstract: A high-performance R--Fe--B permanent magnet being radially anisotropic can be produced by carrying out hot bending of a plateshaped magnet material produced by casting and hot working, to mold it into an arc shape; the cracks to be generated during the bending can be decreased by deciding such bending conditions as the amount of strain, the strain rate, the working temperature, as well as the structure and the composition of the alloy. Furthermore, by optimizing the conditions for heat-treatment and by using an oxidation resistance coating lubricant, an arc shape magnet of high performance and a low cost can be produced under stabilized conditions.

Abstract: A pipe coupler is designed such that a sealing ring (5), an annular chuck (6) and a release ring (4) are inserted into a mounting recess (2) of a coupler main body (1). Annular reaction surfaces (601, 602) are provided at the tip side of the annular chuck (6), and an action surface (301) for contrating the diameter is provided at the internal periphery of the mounting recess (2). Claws (603) are formed at the tip of the annular chuck (6), and a slit (604) is provided in the annular chuck (6) for permitting enlargement and contraction of the chuck's diameter. When a flexible tube (7) is inserted into the mounting recess (2), the diameter of the annular chuck (6) is enlarged. In this condition, when a compressed fluid is supplied, the claws (603) bite the flexible tube (7). As the release ring (4) is pressed into the mounting recess (2), the engagement of the claws (603 ) with the flexible tube (7) is released.

Abstract: A roll crusher having a pair of rolls facing each other, in which feed material to be crushed is fed into a space or a crushing chamber formed in between these rolls, and the pair of rolls rolls up the material to compress and crush it. Both ends of one or the other of the rolls are provided with flanges which cover the lower portions of end openings in the crushing chamber. Cheek plates fixedly disposed cover the remaining portions of the end openings of the crushing chamber. This construction helps prevent feed material from flowing out of the crushing chamber. One of the pair of the rolls is driven for rotation by a source of drive power, and the other is rotated freely as well as driven to rotate initially at low speed, which permits coarse materials to be forcibly entrained in between the rolls for crushing. During the process of crushing, the crushing clearance of rolls is set to 0.6 to 2.4 times 80% passing size of feed material, and feed rate is limited so that passing rate of the material ranges 0.

Abstract: A mutilayer film which combines excellent vacuum formability, excellent heat resistance during injection molding and excellent dimensional stability during printing of the film, and which can be suitably used as a base of a transfer film for three-dimensional conformability capable of satisfactorily printing onto the surface of an article having a complex three-dimensional shape.

Abstract: A film which combines excellent vacuum formability, excellent heat resistance during injection molding and excellent dimensional stability during printing of the film, and which can be suitably used as a base of a transfer film for three-dimensional conformability capable of satisfactorily printing onto the surface of an article having a complex three-dimensional shape.

Abstract: A strip-like pattern sheet has a plurality of patterns and register marks spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance in its longitudinal direction. The pattern sheet is transported from a supply roll to a take-up roll in such a way that it covers the opening of a female mold. At the upper stream of the female mold, the register marks are detected so that a pattern-sheet-holding-and-transferring means holds the pattern sheet at a predetermined position and heats it. The pattern sheet is displaced by one pitch so as to cover the opening of the female mold. The softened pattern sheet is pressed by a compressed air against the cavity surface of the female mold with the cavity being evacuated. Thereafter the holding-and-transferring means is returned to its initial position and the female and male molds are mated so that molten resin is injected into the molding cavity defined between the female and male molds so that a pattern is imprinted on the surface of a molded article or finished product.

Abstract: A strip-like pattern sheet has a plurality of patterns and register marks spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance in its longitudinal direction. The pattern sheet is transported from a supply roll to a take-up roll in such a way that it covers the opening of a female mold. At the upper stream of the female mold, the register marks are detected so that a pattern-sheet-holding-and-transferring means holds the pattern sheet at a predetermined position and heats it. The pattern sheet is displaced by one pitch so as to cover the opening of the female mold. The softened pattern sheet is pressed by a compressed air against the cavity surface of the female mold with the cavity being evacuated. Thereafter the holding-and-transferring means is returned to its initial position and the female and male molds are mated so that molten resin is injected into the molding cavity defined between the female and male molds so that a pattern is imprinted on the surface of a molded article or finished product.

Abstract: A process for producing decorative articles having patterns of surface concavities and convexities (unevennesses) comprises the steps of:(1) placing into mutual contact and laminating a hardenable decorative material layer and an expansion-contraction deformable sheet provided with regions susceptible to expansion-contraction deformation and regions not susceptible to said deformation;(2) causing the deformable sheet to undergo said deformation under pressure thereby to impart a pattern of unevennesses to the decorative material layer in contact with the sheet; and(3) causing the hardenable decorative material layer to fully harden.The sheet deformed under pressure imparts a unique pattern of surface unevennesses corresponding to the two kinds of regions to the decorative material layer. Decorative articles thus obtained can be applied to a wide variety of uses as materials for decorating architectural exteriors and interiors and as decorative boards.

Abstract: A printing pattern support sheet made up of a film soluble in water and a pattern pre-printed on one surface of the film is prepared beforehand. The pattern is activated, immediately before being used for transfer printing, into a tacky or adherent condition ready for printing by applying a solvent thereto. The sheet with the pattern thus activated is fed onto the free surface of a mass of water, whereby the film supporting the pattern is dissolved in the water to leave the pattern floating on the surface of the water. An article on the surface of which the pattern is to be printed is then forced against the floating pattern into the water, whereby the pattern is transferred and adheres to the article. To apply the solvent to the pattern, a gravure printing plate cylinder can be used.

Abstract: A printing pattern support sheet made up of a film soluble in water and a pattern pre-printed on one surface of the film is prepared beforehand. The pattern is activated, immediately before being used for transfer printing, into a tacky or adherent condition ready for printing by applying a solvent thereto. The sheet with the pattern thus activated is fed onto the free surface of a mass of water, whereby the film supporting the pattern is dissolved in the water to leave the pattern floating on the surface of the water. An article on the surface of which the pattern is to be printed is then forced against the floating pattern into the water, whereby the pattern is transferred and adheres to the article. To apply the solvent to the pattern, a gravure printing plate cylinder can be used.

Abstract: Apparatus in which a gas such as air, containing nitrogen oxides, is mixed with high temperature steam of 130.degree. to 150.degree.C in a reactor vessel to convert the nitrogen oxides to soluble substances and then dissolve said soluble substances in a liquid absorbent such as warm water or a weak alkaline warm aqueous solution, said liquid absorbent being collected thereafter, so that the nitrogen oxides are separately removed from the gas. The apparatus of the invention has an attainable efficiency of separately removing nitrogen oxides exceeding 95 percent, for gas having the nitrogen oxides content of 100 ppm to 10,000 ppm.