Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display apparatus comprising a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer provided between the substrates, the liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal composition that exhibits a cholesteric phase. The liquid crystal composition contains a mixture of a chiral material and nematic liquid crystal. The liquid crystal display layer is configured to satisfies the following conditions: a viscosity a [cP] of the liquid crystal composition is in a range from 30 to 150; a dielectric anisotropy b of the liquid crystal composition is in a range from 5 to 50; a thickness c [?m] of the liquid crystal layer is in a range from 3 to 8; and a product of a, b, and c is not less than 3500.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner comprises core particles formed by flocculating and fusion-bonding at least polyester resin particles containing wax and colorant particles, and a coating layer containing a resin formed over the core particles.

Abstract: A toner including core particles containing at least a resin and a colorant and coated with a resin coating layer is provided. The core particles are formed by flocculating and fusion-bonding at least resin microparticles and colorant microparticles dispersed in fluid dispersion, while two or more coating layers are formed over the core particles. A wax is added to at least one of the coating layer(s) but for the outermost coating layer, and the core particles. A ratio d/r between an average thickness d of the overall coating layers and a volume average particle size r of the core particles is adjusted to 0.01 to 0.6.

Abstract: The present invention is based on a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition which shows cholesteric liquid crystal phase and be able to reflect light in visible region selectively, comprising: a nematic liquid crystal material; a first chiral material with shift direction of selective reflection wavelength toward long wavelength direction depending on temperature; and a second chiral material with shift direction of selective reflection wavelength toward short wavelength direction depending on temperature; wherein at least one chiral material between the first chiral material and the second chiral material comprises two or more chiral compounds, and relates to a preparation method of the above chiral nematic liquid crystal composition and a (layered-type) liquid crystal display using the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrostatic-latent-image developing toner which contains at least a binder resin, a coloring agent and a wax that does not exhibit a clear peak on a low-temperature side of a main fusing peak in a DSC curve, the wax being represented by the formula; R1—(OCO—R2)n in which R1 and R2 independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms that may have a substituent, and n is an integer of 1 to 4.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a first liquid crystal layer having first liquid crystal exhibiting a cholesteric phase at a room temperature, and being tuned to selectively reflect light of a wavelength &lgr;1 within a visible wavelength range; and a second liquid crystal layer disposed on the first liquid crystal layer, having second liquid crystal exhibiting a cholesteric phase at the room temperature, and being tuned to selectively reflect light of a wavelength &lgr;2 within the visible wavelength range, wherein a difference between the selective reflection wavelengths &lgr;1 and &lgr;2 is in a range from 100 nm to 150 nm.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a recording method for recording an image on a thermosensible image bearing medium that contains liquid crystal material. The liquid crystal exhibits a cholesteric phase at a temperature range higher than a room temperature so as to reflect selected wavelength of light based on heated temperature within the temperature range. Since the cholesteric liquid crystal material has a different response time for each selective reflection wavelength, an optimum energy application time is required for obtaining a desired recording color. Accordingly, in the recording method, it is getting higher the heating temperature, shorter the application time. The application time can be adjusted by the pulse width and/or pulse number of the applied energy.

Abstract: A liquid crystal element of a layered type capable of high contrast is provided. For example, in the liquid crystal element of the layered type including liquid crystal layers b, g and r in this order, each of the liquid crystal layers b, g and r is held between electrode formation surfaces of a pair of substrates each provided with an electrode, an insulating film is disposed between the electrodes of the substrates, and at least two liquid crystal layers of the liquid crystal layers b, g and r have the insulating films opposed to the liquid crystal layers and being different in refractive index from each other, respectively.

Abstract: An organic electro-luminescence display element comprising at least a positive electrode, an organic luminescent film and a negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode is formed of an electrically conductive film having transparency, the negative electrode is formed of a metal film containing metal having a low work function, and the negative electrode is connected to a power supply lead portion made of a transparent and conductive film.

Abstract: A digital signal transceiver includes a frequency modulator for outputting a high-frequency signal frequency-modulated with a digital signal input thereto, a power amplifier, an antenna terminal, and an antenna switch. The antenna switch includes a first branch port for receiving a signal output from the power amplifier, a common port connected to the antenna terminal, said common port being connected to the first branch port in the transmitting mode, and a second branch port connected to the common port in the receiving mode. The transceiver further includes a filter having an input port thereof connected to the second branch port of the antenna switch, a high-frequency amplifier having an input port thereof connected to an output port of the filter, and a mixer for mixing a signal output from the high-frequency amplifier with the signal output from the frequency modulator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-magnetic one-component toner that is characterized by containing toner particles that have a volume-average particle size of 2 to 8 &mgr;m, a ratio of the volume-average particle size/number-average particle size of not more than 1.22, an average degree of roundness of not less than 0.92 and a Vickers hardness of not less than 13.5HV0.01 (10g), and also concerns a non-magnetic one-component contact developing device using such a toner and an image-forming apparatus using such a developing device.

Abstract: A chiral nematic liquid crystal composition that exhibits a cholesteric phase, said chiral nematic crystal composition comprising 55 wt % to 90 wt % of a nematic liquid crystal composition that comprises, as main components thereof, a liquid crystal ester compound and a liquid crystal pyrimidine compound, wherein said liquid crystal ester compound does not include a tolan skeleton therein and said liquid crystal pyrimidine compound includes a fluorine atom therein; and 10 wt % to 45 wt % of at least one chiral agent. A liquid crystal light modulating apparatus comprising a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent; and the chiral nematic liquid crystal composition disposed between the substrates.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display having stacked liquid crystal light modulation layers each containing a liquid crystal compound. At least one of the liquid crystal modulation layers is different from remaining ones in at least one of a dielectric anisotropy, a thickness, a liquid crystal compound contained therein, and a functional layer provided therein so that the drive voltage ranges for the layers are made equal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image-forming method and a image-forming device, wherein a specific photosensitive member, an exposing process and a toner are adopted in combination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrostatic-latent-image developing toner which contains at least a binder resin, a coloring agent and a wax that does not exhibit a clear peak on a low-temperature side of a main fusing peak in a DSC curve, the wax being represented by the formula;

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display element which comprises a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer held between the pair of substrates and including liquid crystal that exhibits a cholesteric phase. At least one of the substrates has an orientation film that comprises a polyimide having a mesogenic group therein and has not undergone rubbing.

Abstract: A chiral nematic liquid crystal composition which contains a nematic liquid crystal mixture and a chiral agent, which exhibits a cholesteric phase at room temperature and which selectively reflects light of a specified wavelength, wherein the chiral agent has an anisotropy of dielectric constant within a range from 12 to 60. Such a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition may have a larger anisotropy of dielectric constant than the nematic liquid crystal mixture before being mixed with the chiral agent. Alternatively, in such a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition, the anisotropy of dielectric constant of the chiral agent may be larger than that of the nematic liquid crystal mixture. By filling such a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition between transparent substrates, a liquid crystal cell is fabricated, and by stacking such liquid crystal cells in three layers, a reflective type full-color liquid crystal display can be produced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display having stacked liquid crystal light modulation layers each containing a liquid crystal compound. At least one of the liquid crystal modulation layers is different from remaining ones in at least one of a dielectric anisotropy, a thickness, a liquid crystal compound contained therein, and a functional layer provided therein so that the drive voltage ranges for the layers are made equal.

Abstract: An image recording device for thermally recording monochrome and color images onto reversible heat-sensitive recording mediums such as a thermal liquid crystal compound that has a cholesteric phase. A heating device, which may include a plurality of heating elements including laser diodes, is scanned across the recording medium and the temperature of the heating element corresponding to a given picture element determines the recorded color for that picture element.

Abstract: The present invention is based on a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition which shows cholesteric liquid crystal phase and be able to reflect light in visible region selectively, comprising: