Abstract: A motorcycle having an improved fuel tank arrangement with an opening in an upper side wall of the fuel tank that is closed by a combined fuel pump, closure plate and return port arrangement. The fuel is supplied to a fuel injection system through an arrangement including a filter and pressure regulator with the filter pressure regulator and opening all being positioned on the same side of the motorcycle and at relatively the same vertical height. The assembly may be removed from the opening without draining fuel due to its high placement in the opening.

Abstract: In liquid crystal display element having cholesteric liquid crystal between substrates, being substantially polymer free, integral value in visible wavelength range of {exp−[2(&lgr;−nP)2/&Dgr;n2P2]}R is 40-60% of integral value in visible wavelength range of function f(&lgr;) representing wavelength-light reflectance spectrum in colored state. In liquid crystal display element having liquid crystal composition between substrates, at least one substrate has functional surface contacting liquid crystal composition, the functional layer being capable of adjusting orientated state of liquid crystal molecules close to substrate and different orientated state of liquid crystal molecules remote from substrate. Chiral nematic liquid crystal, of nematic liquid crystal mixture having refractive index anisotropy of 0.2-0.34 and at least one chiral material, exhibits cholesteric phase at room temperature, has phase transition temperature of 60° C.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display which carries out matrix driving of a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition, which is capable of displaying an image theron continuously after an electric field applied thereto is turned off, by applying an electric field to the liquid crystal composition through a plurality of scan electrodes and a plurality of data electrodes which face and cross each other with the liquid crystal composition in-between. The nematic liquid crystal which is the main element of the liquid crystal composition mainly contains a liquid crystalline ester compound, a liquid crystalline stilbene compound, a liquid crystalline terphenyl compound or a liquid crystalline tolane compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition including a nematic liquid crystal composition and a chiral agent. The nematic liquid crystal composition comprises at least one type of liquid crystal ester compound including an ester unit and at least two fluorine atoms therein; and at least one type of liquid crystal tolan compound including a tolan unit therein. By selecting these liquid crystal compounds, a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition having a broad temperature compensation range and a low drive voltage can be realized.

Abstract: The invention provides an information recording/displaying card and an information recording/displaying system using the card in which invisible information can be recorded, the invisible information can be displayed as visible information and visible information can be written/erased as color images at a practical speed. The information recording/displaying card includes a visible information display part and an invisible information recording part. These parts are disposed, for example, on the front and back surfaces of the card, respectively, or arranged side by side on the front or back surface thereof. The visible information display part includes, as a main component, a low molecular weight cholesteric liquid crystal compound having an isotropic phase transition temperature higher than a melting point, so that information can be displayed, written once and erased therein.

Abstract: A reflective type liquid crystal display which has, between a pair of transparent substrates with electrodes thereon, a nematic liquid crystal composition which exhibits a cholesteric phase at room temperature. The liquid crystal composition contains a nematic liquid crystal mixture containing a liquid crystalline difluorostilbene compound, and a chiral agent. The concentration of the liquid crystalline difluorostilbene compound in the liquid crystal composition is preferably in a range from 5 wt % to 60 wt %.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reversible thermosensible recording medium comprising a base board, a rewritable thermosensible recording layer which contains a liquid crystal compound showing a cholesteric liquid crystal phase and is provided on the base board, and a protective layer which is provided on the recording layer and contains an ultraviolet curing resin and at least one of a lubricant and an ultraviolet stabilizer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element includes at least a positive electrode, an electron injection layer, and a negative electrode, wherein the electron injection layer is formed of an alkali metal organic salt, an alkaline earth metal organic salt, an alkali metal organometallic complex or an alkaline earth metal organometallic complex.

Abstract: A heat reversible recording medium is disclosed which includes a cholesteric liquid crystal compound. By selective application of differing temperature profiles, regions of the recording medium can be fixed in states which selectively reflect light in different wavelengths thus providing the ability to fix color images in the medium. The disclosure also includes a method of recording a color image using a medium which includes a cholesteric liquid crystal compound, an apparatus for fixing an image in the recording medium as well as several cholesteric liquid crystal compounds which are suitable for use in the method and apparatus.

Abstract: A chiral nematic liquid crystal composition that exhibits a cholesteric phase, said chiral nematic crystal composition comprising 55 wt % to 90 wt % of a nematic liquid crystal composition that comprises, as main components thereof, a liquid crystal ester compound and a liquid crystal pyrimidine compound, wherein said liquid crystal ester compound does not include a tolan skeleton therein and said liquid crystal pyrimidine compound includes a fluorine atom therein; and 10 wt % to 45 wt % of at least one chiral agent. A liquid crystal light modulating apparatus comprising a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent; and the chiral nematic liquid crystal composition disposed between the substrates.

Abstract: A chiral nematic liquid crystal composition which contains a nematic liquid crystal mixture and a chiral agent, which exhibits a cholesteric phase at room temperature and which selectively reflects light of a specified wavelength, wherein the chiral agent has an anisotropy of dielectric constant within a range from 12 to 60. Such a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition may have a larger anisotropy of dielectric constant than the nematic liquid crystal mixture before being mixed with the chiral agent. Alternatively, in such a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition, the anisotropy of dielectric constant of the chiral agent may be larger than that of the nematic liquid crystal mixture. By filling such a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition between transparent substrates, a liquid crystal cell is fabricated, and by stacking such liquid crystal cells in three layers, a reflective type full-color liquid crystal display can be produced.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a first liquid crystal layer having first liquid crystal exhibiting a cholesteric phase at a room temperature, and being tuned to selectively reflect light of a wavelength &lgr;1 within a visible wavelength range; and a second liquid crystal layer disposed on the first liquid crystal layer, having second liquid crystal exhibiting a cholesteric phase at the room temperature, and being tuned to selectively reflect light of a wavelength &lgr;2 within the visible wavelength range, wherein a difference between the selective reflection wavelengths &lgr;1 and &lgr;2 is in a range from 100 nm to 150 nm.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reflective color liquid crystal display element having a four layered structure. The display element specifically comprises the following layers from an observation side: a single layer of a liquid crystal cell which comprises a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition for the blue color reflection; a single layer of a liquid crystal cell which comprises a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition for the green color reflection; and two layers of liquid crystal cells each of which comprises a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition for the red color reflection. In some of the embodiments, a phase difference plate is inserted between the two liquid crystal cells for the red color reflection.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display element has at least a positive electrode, an organic luminescent film, an electron injection layer and a negative electrode. Each of the positive and negative electrodes is formed of a transparent conductive film, the electron injection layer is formed of a thin transparent film made of a halogenide of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, or an organic metal complex containing an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal as a metal, and the organic metal complex is at least one complex selected from the group consisting of acetylacetonate complexes, &agr;-nitroso-&bgr;-naphthol complexes, salicylaldoxime complexes, cupferron complexes, benzoinoxime complexes, bipyridine complexes, phenanthroline complexes, crown complexes, proline complexes and benzoylacetone complexes.

Abstract: Cholesteric liquid crystal compositions and a recording medium which includes cholesteric liquid crystal composition are disclosed. The cholesteric liquid crystal composition has a characteristic, in a cholesteric phase, of reflecting visible light in accordance with temperature. By rapidly cooling the display from a cholesteric phase, the material can be solidified in a reflection state. The cholesteric material also has the characteristic during a transition from a solid phase to a cholesteric phase of having of an enthalpy &Dgr;Hch at a substantially constant value during a time when a temperature thereof increases during one of differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry.

Abstract: A chiral nematic liquid composition, which exhibits a cholesteric phase at a room temperature, comprising a nematic liquid crystal composition and at least one kind of chiral agent. The nematic liquid crystal composition includes at least one kind of liquid crystal ester compound, at least one kind of liquid crystal terphenyl compound, and at least one kind of liquid crystal tolane compound. This chiral nematic liquid crystal offers superior bidirectional stability, good color purity and reflectance, high contrast, a wide temperature compensation range, and a low voltage driving requirement.

Abstract: An organic electro-luminescence display element comprising: at least a positive electrode; an organic luminescent film; an electron injection layer and a negative electrode, wherein: each of the positive and negative electrodes is formed of a transparent conductive film; the electron injection layer is formed of a thin film having transparency and made of organic metal salt containing alkali metal or alkaline earth metal as the metal, halogenide of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, or organic metal complex containing alkali metal or alkaline earth metal as the metal; and the organic metal complex is at least one selected from the group consisting of acetylacetonate complex, &agr;-nitroso-&bgr;-naphthol complex, salicylaldoxime complex, cupferron complex, benzoinoxime complex, bipyridine complex, phenanthroline complex, crown complex, proline complex and benzoylacetone complex.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent element which reduces the luminescence starting voltage, increases the luminescence brightness, and has excellent stability with repeated use. The organic electroluminescent element includes at least a positive electrode, a luminescing layer and a negative electrode, which includes a compound layer of magnesium and a metal having a higher work function than magnesium. The exterior side of the compound layer has a higher percentage of the metal than magnesium and the interior side of the compound layer has a higher percentage of magnesium than the metal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element includes a cholesteric phase liquid crystal component and a space holding member held within a pair of substrates, wherein at least one of which is transparent. The liquid crystal component is a chiral-nematic liquid crystal material containing a liquid crystal pyrimidine compound having fluorine in the molecule, liquid crystal diphenylacetylene having fluorine in the molecule, and a chiral component. The liquid crystal component may also contain a liquid crystal phenylcyclohexane compound, a liquid crystal cyanobiphenyl compound, and a liquid crystal alkenyl compound. In the present invention, characteristics such as color purity and reflectivity are improved, contrast is increased, and the drive voltage can be reduced by including in the nematic liquid crystal component a liquid crystal pyrimidine compound having fluorine within the molecule, and a liquid crystal diphenylacetylene compound containing fluorine within the molecule.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition which contains nematic liquid crystal containing a liquid crystal ester compound and a chiral agent mainly containing an ester compound with no cholesterol rings. The liquid crystal composition exhibits a cholesteric phase in a room temperature. A liquid crystal display has substrates with ITO electrodes thereon and the liquid crystal composition between the substrates. The liquid crystal display further has a columnar structure formed in the liquid crystal composition.