Abstract: A liquid crystal composition which contains a liquid crystal tolan compound, a liquid crystal ester compound, a liquid crystal phenylcyclohexane compound and at least one chiral agent. A reflective type liquid crystal display has the liquid crystal composition and a columnar structure between substrates with ITO electrodes thereon.

Abstract: A reflective type liquid crystal display which has, between a pair of transparent substrates with electrodes thereon, a nematic liquid crystal composition which exhibits a cholesteric phase at room temperature. The liquid crystal composition contains a nematic liquid crystal mixture containing a liquid crystalline difluorostilbene compound, and a chiral agent. The concentration of the liquid crystalline difluorostilbene compound in the liquid crystal composition is preferably in a range from 5 wt % to 60 wt %.

Abstract: The purpose of the invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent element having stable luminescent characteristics with a low luminescence starting voltage and without non-luminescing black spots in the luminescing surface. The invention relates to a method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescent element and an organic electroluminescent element produced by said method, said method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescent element comprising a process for forming a positive electrode substrate by dry etching a transparent electrode in a vacuum, a process for dry washing said positive electrode substrate in a continuous vacuum without exposure to air, a process for forming an organic layer incorporating an organic luminescing layer on said positive electrode substrate, and a process for forming a negative electrode on said organic layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element having excellent durability with increased luminescence intensity, low luminescence starting voltage, and excellent stability with repeated use. An organic electroluminescent element having at least a positive electrode, hole-injection layer, hole-transporting layer, luminescent layer, and negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode has an ionization potential of 5.18-5.35 eV, the hole-injection layer has an ionization potential of 4.80-5.18 eV, and the hole-transporting layer has an ionization potential of 5.20-5.70 eV.

Abstract: A toner for developing electrostatic latent images in accordance with the invention features the addition of a charge control agent comprising a carboxylate compound or an ascorbate compound represented by a general formula (I) or (II).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a styryl polymer, represented by the following formula (I) or (II), a production method thereof and use thereof to a photosensitive member and a electroluminescence element: ##STR1## in which Ar.sub.11 is an arylene group which may have a substituent; Ar.sub.12 is an aryl group, a polycondensed ring group or a heterocyclic ring group; n.sub.1 is a natural number; ##STR2## in which Ar.sub.21, Ar.sub.22, and Ar.sub.24 are respectively an arylene group which may have a substituent; Ar.sub.25 is an arylene group or a bivalent polycondensed ring group, which may have a substituent; Ar.sub.23 and Ar.sub.26 are respectively an alkyl group, an aralkyl group or an aryl group, which may have a substituent; m.sub.2 is 0, 1, 2 or 3; n.sub.2 is a natural number.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent element having uniform surface luminescence, large luminescence intensity, and excellent stability over repeated use. The present invention provides a method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescent element using a positive electrode irradiated by excimer light when manufacturing an organic electroluminescent element comprising at least a substrate on which is sequentially formed a positive electrode, organic layer including an organic luminescent layer, and negative electrode, and an organic electroluminescent element manufactured by said method.

Abstract: The toner for developing electrostatic latent images according to the invention contains at least one of a bisphenol compound of a general formula (I), a phenol derivative of any one of general formulas (II) to (V), a phenol compound of any one of general formulas (VI) to (IX) and a resorcin allene derivative of a general formula (X).

Abstract: The present invention provides a photosensitive member comprising an electrically conductive substrate having an anodized aluminum layer on the surface and a thick photosensitive layer on the substrate.

Abstract: The objective of this invention is to provide a data processor which can perform motion estimation of moving images at high speed and high accuracy. The data processor according to this invention is equipped with Hadamard transformer (110), first stage processor (120), second stage processor (130), and motion compensation circuit (140). The Hadamard transformer (110) receives image data (12) of the current frame and image data (34) of the reference frame, and Hadamard transforms this image data. First stage processor (120) block matches the target block with the Hadamard coefficient of the reference frame using multiple low-frequency coefficients selected from the Hadamard transformed data. Second stage processor (130) refers to the block matching position obtained in first stage processor (120), determines the search range in the picture data of the reference frame, and obtains the motion vector of the target block in said search range.

Abstract: The present invention provides a laminated-type photosensitive member comprising a photosensitive layer which is comprised ofa charge generating layer containing an organic charge generating material anda charge transporting layer having a thickness of at least 27 .mu.m and containing an organic charge transporting materialon an electrically conductive cylindrical substrate having a small drum size.a mobility (.mu.) of electrical charges in the charge transporting layer has a specified value. The laminated-type photosensitive member can be applied to an image-forming process in which electrostatic latent images are formed at the identical position of the photosensitive member at a 0.5 or less second interval.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photosensitive member comprising an electrically conductive substrate having an anodized aluminum layer on the surface and a thick photosensitive layer on the substrate.

Abstract: A toner for electrostatic latent image developing comprises a binder resin and a coloring agent. The binder resin is preferably a polyester resin having specified properties. The coloring agent is preferably a C. I. Pigment Blue 15-3, C. I. Pigment Red 122 or C. I. Pigment Yellow 17. The toner is prepared by emulsion dispersion of a colored resin solution, including the binder resin and the coloring agent in a non-water soluble organic solvent, in an aqueous dispersion. Subsequently, the non-water soluble organic solvent and the aqueous dispersion are removed to produce fine toner particles, which are washed, dried and sorted to produce the toner.

Abstract: A resin-formed toner for developing electrostatic latent images manufactured by a wet process, wherein 10 parts by weight of said toner is added to 100 parts by weight of deionized water to produce a solution having electrical conductance of 1.about.100 .mu.S/sec. And a resin-formed toner for developing electrostatic latent images which is manufactured by wet process using a water-insoluble inorganic salt comprising calcium as a dispersion stabilizing agent, wherein the amount of calcium present in the toner is 0.2.about.10 ppm.

Abstract: A photoconductor for electrophotography comprising a photoconductive layer having a thickness of 27 micro-meter or more and including as a binder resin a first polycarbonate resin having a low molecular weight constituent which has a numerical average molecular weight being 10,000 or more and under 22,000, and a second polycarbonate resin having a high molecular weight constituent which has a numerical average molecular weight being 22,000 or more and under 38,000. The photoconductor has a high durability without toner filming, a wear resistance, a stable electrophotographic characteristics and an excellent cleaning characteristic.

Abstract: A toner for electrostatic latent image developing containing at least a binder resin, a coloring agent and a charge controller that are dissolved or dispersed in a non-water soluble organic solvent to form an emulsion dispersion of a colored resin solution in aqueous dispersion. The toner of the present invention is produced by forming the emulsion dispersion of a colored resin solution in aqueous dispersion followed by removal of the non-water soluble organic solvent and water to obtain a toner having a residual organic solvent content of about 5 to about 100 ppm and a residual moisture content of about 0.05 to about 1.0 percent-by-weight of total toner weight.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an ink-jet type recorder comprising reserving means for withholding a recording liquid consisting of a mixture of electroviscous liquids (EVL) and coloring materials, the reserving means including a plurality of nozzles from which a jet of the recording liquid spouts out, and a plurality of pairs of electrodes for impressing a voltage to the recording liquid withheld in the reserving means, wherein the impressed voltage to the plurality of pairs of electrodes is controlled in order to change the viscosity of EVL so that a jet of the recording liquid spouts out from the plurality of nozzles onto recording media.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new distyryl compound represented by the following general formula [I] or [II]. ##STR1## The present invention provides a photosensitive member and an electroluminescence device both of which comprise the distyryl compound of the general formula [I] or [II] as a charge transporting material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improvement of a photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer which contains a specific amino compound as a charge transporting material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive member comprising a charge generating material, a charge transporting material, a binder resin and a specified electronattracting material, preferably further specified hindered phenol compound.