Abstract: A method of driving a liquid crystal display element having a first substrate provided with a scanning electrode, a second substrate provided with a signal electrode and a liquid crystal display layer held between the first and second substrates, the method comprising the steps of: (a) applying a first pulse voltage to the scanning electrode corresponding to a drive target pixel in the liquid crystal display layer for changing the liquid crystal material of the target pixel to a predetermined changed state; (b) applying, subsequent to the step (a), a second pulse voltage to the scanning electrode corresponding to the target pixel; and (c) controlling a pulse width of a third pulse voltage in accordance with a required display tone of the target pixel, and applying the third pulse voltage to the signal electrode corresponding to the target pixel in synchronization with the second pulse voltage for stabilizing the state of the liquid crystal material of the target pixel in a predetermined stabilized state.

Abstract: The invention provides an information recording/displaying card and an information recording/displaying system using the card in which invisible information can be recorded, the invisible information can be displayed as visible information and visible information can be written/erased as color images at a practical speed. The information recording/displaying card includes a visible information display part and an invisible information recording part. These parts are disposed, for example, on the front and back surfaces of the card, respectively, or arranged side by side on the front or back surface thereof. The visible information display part includes, as a main component, a low molecular weight cholesteric liquid crystal compound having an isotropic phase transition temperature higher than a melting point, so that information can be displayed, written once and erased therein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic eletroluminescent element comprising an anode, an organic luminous layer, an electron-injection layer and a cathode, in which the electron-injection layer comprises a metal oxide or a metal halide, and a material different from the metal halide or metal oxide.

Abstract: A rewritable thermosensible recording material shown by the following chemical formula. This recording material can be produced by condensing a derivative of dicarboxylic acid and cholesterol or by making halide dicarboxylic acid and cholesterol react to each other. By locating this material purely or as a mixture between a base layer and a transparent protective layer, a rewritable thermosensible recording medium can be obtained.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent element which reduces the luminescence starting voltage, increases the luminescence brightness, and has excellent stability with repeated use.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display apparatus comprising a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer provided between the substrates, the liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal composition that exhibits a cholesteric phase. The liquid crystal composition contains a mixture of a chiral material and nematic liquid crystal.

Abstract: A reflective type liquid crystal display which has a liquid crystal composition exhibiting a cholesteric phase in a room temperature and a columnar structure between substrates with ITO electrodes thereon. The liquid crystal composition is a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition which is produced by adding a chiral agent at a ratio within a range from 10 wt % to 45 wt % to nematic liquid crystal which contains a nematic liquid crystal component with a polar group at not less than 25 wt % and of which transition temperature to isotropic phase is within a range from 70° C. to 150° C. The anisotropy of refractive index of the liquid crystal composition is 0.10 to 0.22, and the anisotropy of dielectric constant is 5 to 30.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display which carries out matrix driving of a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition, which is capable of displaying an image theron continuously after a turn-off of an electric field applied thereto, by applying an electric field to the liquid crystal composition through a plurality of scan electrodes and a plurality of data electrodes which face and cross each other with the liquid crystal composition in-between. The nematic liquid crystal which is the main element of the liquid crystal composition mainly contains a liquid crystalline ester compound, a liquid crystalline stilbene compound, a liquid crystalline tarphenyl compound or a liquid crystalline tolane compound.

Abstract: A method of producing a multilayer LC display element including a plurality of LC display cells stacked together and each filled with an LC material, comprising the steps of: (a) forming a multilayer empty cell structure by stacking a plurality of empty cells each having a pair of substrates opposed together and having a peripheral portion sealed except for at least one LC material inlet opened externally; and (b) supplying the LC material by vacuum supply through the LC material inlet into each of the empty cells forming the multilayer empty cell structure, wherein said empty cells formed in the step (a) are provided at circumferentially different positions with the liquid crystal material inlets, respectively.

Abstract: In liquid crystal display element having cholesteric liquid crystal between substrates, being substantially polymer free, integral value in visible wavelength range of {exp−[2(&lgr;−nP)2/&Dgr;n2P2]}R is 40-60% of integral value in visible wavelength range of function f(&lgr;) representing wavelength-light reflectance spectrum in colored state. In liquid crystal display element having liquid crystal composition between substrates, at least one substrate has functional surface contacting liquid crystal composition, the functional layer being capable of adjusting orientated state of liquid crystal molecules close to substrate and different orientated state of liquid crystal molecules remote from substrate. Chiral nematic liquid crystal, of nematic liquid crystal mixture having refractive index anisotropy of 0.2-0.34 and at least one chiral material, exhibits cholesteric phase at room temperature, has phase transition temperature of 60° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display element which comprises a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer held between the pair of substrates and including liquid crystal that exhibits a cholesteric phase. At least one of the substrates has an orientation film that comprises a polyimide having a mesogenic group therein and has not undergone rubbing.

Abstract: A rewritable thermosensible recording medium which has a base film of a polymeric material, an intermediate layer if necessary, a recording layer which contains a liquid crystalline compound and a preventive film of a polymeric material. In order to control the alignment of the liquid crystalline compound, pressure is applied to the liquid crystalline compound contained in the recording layer under heat, and thereby, a shearing stress is applied thereto. Specifically, after structuring the base film, the recording layer and the preventive film into a laminate, a bending treatment is carried out toward the laminate continuously, and thereby a shearing stress is applied to the recording layer.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal light modulating device which has a pair of substrates with electrodes thereon, at least one of which is transparent, and a liquid crystal composition which contains nematic liquid crystal and a plurality of chiral agents and exhibits a cholesteric phase in a room temperature between the substrates. The chiral agents include two chiral agents which have mutually opposite helical senses (cause liquid crystal to twist in mutually opposite directions), and the total content of the chiral agents in the liquid crystal composition is 10 to 45 wt %.

Abstract: A reflective type liquid crystal display which has a liquid crystal composition exhibiting a cholesteric phase in a room temperature and a columnar structure between substrates with ITO electrodes thereon. The liquid crystal composition is a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition which is produced by adding a chiral agent at a ratio within a range from 10 wt % to 45 wt % to nematic liquid crystal which contains a nematic liquid crystal component with a polar group at not less than 25 wt % and of which transition temperature to isotropic phase is within a range from 70° C. to 150° C. The anisotropy of refractive index of the liquid crystal composition is 0.10 to 0.22, and the anisotropy of dielectric constant is 5 to 30.

Abstract: An image bearing medium which has a flexible substrate and an image bearing layer disposed on the substrate. The image bearing layer contains a low molecular compound which selectively exhibits a solid phase and a thermosensible cholesteric liquid crystal phase. The low molecular compound, when changing its temperature rapidly, changes from the thermosensible cholesteric liquid crystal phase to the solid phase keeping the state in the thermosensible cholesteric phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence element comprising an anode, an organic luminous layer, an electron-injection layer and a cathode, in which the electron-injection layer comprises a metal oxide or a metal halide, and a different material therefrom.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a recording method for recording an image on a thermosensible image bearing medium that contains liquid crystal material. The liquid crystal exhibits a cholesteric phase at a temperature range higher than a room temperature so as to reflect selected wavelength of light based on heated temperature within the temperature range. Since the cholesteric liquid crystal material has a different response time for each selective reflection wavelength, an optimum energy application time is required for obtaining a desired recording color. Accordingly, in the recording method, it is getting higher the heating temperature, shorter the application time. The application time can be adjusted by the pulse width and/or pulse number of the applied energy.

Abstract: A display element or a layered type display element having a resin substrate for holding or carrying a display layer.

Abstract: A reflective type liquid crystal display which has a pair of substrates, at least one of which is transparent and a liquid crystal composition filled between the substrates. The liquid crystal composition contains a liquid crystal mixture and a chiral agent and exhibits a cholesteric phase in a room temperature. The liquid crystal mixture contains a liquid crystal phenylcyclohexane compound at 45 to 60 wt % and a liquid crystal tolan compound at 5 to 15 wt %.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent element which reduces the luminescence starting voltage, increases the luminescence brightness, and has excellent stability with repeated use. The invention achieves these objects by providing an organic electroluminescent element comprising at least a positive electrode, luminescing layer, electron injecting layer, and negative electrode, wherein said electron injecting layer is a compound layer comprising an electron transporting material and metal, and the negative electrode side of said compound layer has a higher percentage of metal.