Abstract: A flattening method, by utilizing the advantages of the CARE method and making up for the disadvantages, can perform removal processing of a surface of a workpiece at a sufficient processing rate and can provide a processed surface having enhanced flatness without leaving damage in the processed surface. A flattening method comprises at least two surface removal steps and at least two cleaning steps, the final surface removal step being a catalyst-referred etching step comprising immersing a workpiece in a processing solution containing at least one of hydrohalic acid, hydrogen peroxide water and ozone water, and bringing a surface of a catalyst platen into contact with or close proximity to a surface to be processed of the workpiece to process the surface, said catalyst platen having in a surface a catalyst selected from the group consisting of platinum, gold, a ceramic solid catalyst, a transition metal, glass, and an acidic or basic solid catalyst.

Abstract: A position detector includes a position pointer having an AC signal generation circuit that is disposed in a housing and that transmits an AC signal, and a sensor that receives the AC signal. The position detector detects the position pointed to by the position pointer on the sensor. The position pointer includes at least three electrodes electrically isolated from each other, and a control circuit that controls so that the AC signal is selectively supplied to the electrodes, and so that identification information identifying the electrode to which the AC signal is selectively supplied is generated and transmitted to the sensor. The position detector further includes a position detection circuit that detects the position based on the AC signal, and an angular information calculation circuit that calculates the rotation angle and/or the tilt angle of the position pointer based on the AC signal and the identification information.

Abstract: An electronic pen includes a conductive core-side member, a power supply circuit, a signal transmission circuit which, in operation, receives a power supply voltage from the power supply circuit, generates a first signal and a second signal each having a different waveform, and selectively supplies either the first signal or the second signal to the core-side member, an input reception circuit which, in operation, receives a designation input designating either the first signal or the second signal to be supplied from the signal transmission circuit to the core-side member, and a control circuit which, in operation, controls the signal transmission circuit to supply either the first signal or the second signal to the core-side member according to the designation input received by the input reception circuit.

Abstract: A position indicator includes a housing and circuitry. The circuitry transmits a plurality of signal blocks successively to a position detecting device. Each of the signal blocks includes a position detection signal, a first modulated signal acquired by modulating one part of a plurality of divided parts of position indicator identification information, and a second modulated signal acquired by modulating current position indicator status information acquired successively from a signal supplied to a control terminal or from a voltage state of the control terminal. The position indicator transmits the plurality of divided parts of position indicator identification information by transmitting the plurality of signal blocks.

Abstract: A method is carried out by a stylus, wherein the stylus is a dual stylus configured to be capable of transmitting signals pursuant to both a first system and a second system and receiving at least a signal pursuant to the first system. The dual stylus has a detection function of detecting a writing pressure applied to a stylus (pen) tip. The method includes detecting contact between the stylus and a touch surface based on the writing pressure detected by the detection function, activating a signal reception operation pursuant to the first system for a predetermined time period, and, responsive to reception of a signal pursuant to the first system in the predetermined time period, setting an operation mode of the stylus to a first operation mode, in which signals are transmitted and received pursuant to the first system.

Abstract: A controller of an in-cell type liquid crystal display device is provided. The controller controls first and second electrodes that intersect each other, supplies a pixel driving voltage to the first electrodes during a pixel driving period, and detects a stylus position using the first and second electrodes during a stylus detection period different from the pixel driving period. The controller transmits, using the second electrodes, a command requesting a transmission of a downlink signal to the stylus. The controller detects, using the first and second electrodes, the downlink signal transmitted from the stylus in response to the command, and detects the stylus position based on the detected downlink signal.

Abstract: A position pointer includes a signal generation circuit, which generates at least one signal. The position pointer in operation transmits the at least one signal to a sensor of a position detector. The position pointer includes a first electrode arranged to protrude from one end portion of a pen-shaped housing along an axial center direction and a second electrode including at least three electrode pieces disposed near the first electrode in such a manner as to surround a central axis of the housing. The at least three electrode pieces are electrically isolated from each other. The position pointer has a signal supply control circuit, which, in operation, controls supply of signals to selectively supply the at least one signal to the second electrode that includes the at least three electrode pieces and to the first electrode.

Abstract: A position indicator includes a housing and circuitry. The circuitry transmits a plurality of signal blocks successively to a position detecting device. Each of the signal blocks includes a position detection signal, a first modulated signal acquired by modulating one part of a plurality of divided parts of position indicator identification information, and a second modulated signal acquired by modulating current position indicator status information acquired successively from a signal supplied to a control terminal or from a voltage state of the control terminal. The position indicator transmits the plurality of divided parts of position indicator identification information by transmitting the plurality of signal blocks.

Abstract: A position pointer includes a signal generation circuit, which generates at least one signal. The position pointer in operation transmits the at least one signal to a sensor of a position detector. The position pointer includes a first electrode arranged to protrude from one end portion of a pen-shaped housing along an axial center direction and a second electrode including at least three electrode pieces disposed near the first electrode in such a manner as to surround a central axis of the housing. The at least three electrode pieces are electrically isolated from each other. The position pointer has a signal supply control circuit, which, in operation, controls supply of signals to selectively supply the at least one signal to the second electrode that includes the at least three electrode pieces and to the first electrode.

Abstract: A stylus capable of bidirectionally communicating with a sensor controller includes a receiver that receives an uplink signal sent by the sensor controller, a controller that determines whether a signal having a predetermined waveform is to be continuously sent over a second time period or to be continuously sent over a first time period longer than the second time period, on the basis of the uplink signal, and a transmitter that continuously sends the signal having the predetermined waveform over the first time period or the second time period on the basis of the result of determination by the controller. As a result, the sensor controller can detect a burst signal from the stylus over a wide range in a sensor touch surface, to thereby reduce the possibility that the sensor controller may fail to detect the burst signal.

Abstract: A stylus is provided, which includes a core body, an electrode disposed adjacent to the core body, a transmitter that sends a downlink signal including switch information SW1 using the electrode, and a controller that determines whether the stylus is in contact state with an operating surface or the stylus is in hover state. In the contact state, the controller controls the transmitter to send the switch information SW1 at a first bit rate. In the hover state, the controller controls the transmitter to send the switch information SW1 at a second bit rate smaller than the first bit rate. A technical advantage includes lowering the possibility of a failure to receive downlink signals when the stylus is in hover state, even though the stylus sends the downlink signals with the same intensity as when the stylus is in contact state.

Abstract: A method in which a sensor controller is connected to a sensor having an electrode group provided together with a display panel configured to operate in during a variable refresh cycle among a plurality of refresh cycles, and an active stylus performs bidirectional communication with the sensor controller. According to the method, the sensor controller acquires a present refresh cycle among the plurality of refresh cycles of the display panel, generates an uplink signal, which serves as a reference for synchronization corresponding to the acquired present refresh cycle, and transmits the uplink signal to the active stylus, which is not detected as yet or is detected already, at the present refresh cycle.

Abstract: Provided is a rotating electrical machine in which torque ripple can be decreased at the time of one-side electrical current supply. A motor includes a stator coil constituted by concentrated windings arranged to teeth where an integer N?2. The stator coil includes first and second winding units and each of which is constituted by windings and which are independent from each other, the windings constituting the first winding unit are arranged in three teeth groups, each of which includes adjacent teeth and which are provided at 120-degree pitches in terms of mechanical angle, and the windings constituting the second winding unit are arranged in teeth which are the teeth not included in the three teeth groups. That is, the windings constituting the second winding unit are also arranged in three teeth groups, which are provided at 120-degree pitches in terms of mechanical angle.

Abstract: A controller of an in-cell type liquid crystal display device is provided. The controller controls first and second electrodes that intersect each other, supplies a pixel driving voltage to the first electrodes during a pixel driving period, and detects a stylus position using the first and second electrodes during a stylus detection period different from the pixel driving period. The controller transmits, using the second electrodes, a command requesting a transmission of a downlink signal to the stylus. The controller detects, using the first and second electrodes, the downlink signal transmitted from the stylus in response to the command, and detects the stylus position based on the detected downlink signal.

Abstract: An electronic stylus includes a hollow cylindrical casing having an opening defined in an axial end portion thereof, a core body mounted in the casing and having an axial end portion projecting out of the opening, and a core body protector covering and accommodating therein the axial end portion of the core body, and protecting the core body. The casing has, adjacent to the opening, an abutment surface lying in a direction transverse to an axial direction of the casing and an inner wall surface extending in the axial direction of the casing. The core body protector has a first surface facing the abutment surface of the casing and a second surface facing the inner wall surface of the casing.

Abstract: A position detector includes a position pointer having an AC signal generation circuit that is disposed in a housing and that transmits an AC signal, and a sensor that receives the AC signal. The position detector detects the position pointed to by the position pointer on the sensor. The position pointer includes at least three electrodes electrically isolated from each other, and a control circuit that controls so that the AC signal is selectively supplied to the electrodes, and so that identification information identifying the electrode to which the AC signal is selectively supplied is generated and transmitted to the sensor. The position detector further includes a position detection circuit that detects the position based on the AC signal, and an angular information calculation circuit that calculates the rotation angle and/or the tilt angle of the position pointer based on the AC signal and the identification information.

Abstract: A stylus usable with non-in-cell type and in-cell type electronic apparatuses is provided. A stylus, in operation, transmits pen pressure data P to an electronic apparatus. The stylus includes a stylus electrode and a signal processing circuit. The stylus electrode forms a coupling capacitance with a sensor electrode of the electronic apparatus. The signal processing circuit detects an uplink signal US using the stylus electrode, extracts a command from the detected uplink signal US, determines, based on the extracted command, in which mode to operate between a first mode in which the data is transmitted using M (M?1) first periods and a second mode in which the data is transmitted using N (N>M) second periods, and repeatedly transmits the data in accordance with the determined mode.

Abstract: A stylus is provided, which includes a core body, an electrode disposed adjacent to the core body, a transmitter that sends a downlink signal including switch information SW1 using the electrode, and a controller that determines whether the stylus is in contact state with an operating surface or the stylus is in hover state. In the contact state, the controller controls the transmitter to send the switch information SW1 at a first bit rate. In the hover state, the controller controls the transmitter to send the switch information SW1 at a second bit rate smaller than the first bit rate. A technical advantage includes lowering the possibility of a failure to receive downlink signals when the stylus is in hover state, even though the stylus sends the downlink signals with the same intensity as when the stylus is in contact state.

Abstract: A method in which a sensor controller is connected to a sensor having an electrode group provided together with a display panel configured to operate in during a variable refresh cycle among a plurality of refresh cycles, and an active stylus performs bidirectional communication with the sensor controller. According to the method, the sensor controller acquires a present refresh cycle among the plurality of refresh cycles of the display panel, generates an uplink signal, which serves as a reference for synchronization corresponding to the acquired present refresh cycle, and transmits the uplink signal to the active stylus, which is not detected as yet or is detected already, at the present refresh cycle.

Abstract: The invention allows size reduction of a sensor of a position detecting device of a capacitive system, which detects a position indicated by an indicator. The sensor has plural electrode conductors that are disposed adjacent to each other and are configured to receive a signal from the indicator on a first surface of a substrate having the first surface and a second surface opposed to each other. The position detecting device includes a signal processing circuit including a differential amplifier circuit that calculates a difference between signals from at least two of the plural electrode conductors. Plural connecting lines are formed on the second surface of the substrate. The plural connecting lines each have one end connected to one of the plural electrode conductors disposed on the first surface by a through-hole or a via formed through the substrate, and the other end connected to a line-concentrated part.