Abstract: In a vehicle control apparatus having an arithmetic processing unit including an arithmetic unit, a storage unit and a communication unit, and an input/output unit including an signal input unit or a signal output unit and a communication unit, the arithmetic processing unit is connected to the input/output unit via a serial communication line, the input/output unit is equipped with an event management unit for detecting an event of a signal input or a signal output and notifying the event to the arithmetic processing unit; and the arithmetic processing unit is, equipped with an input/output management unit for performing data exchange between the signal input unit or the signal output unit and the storage unit via the communication units, in accordance with a request from the arithmetic unit and an event notice from the event management unit.

Abstract: A catalyst-aided chemical processing method can process hard-to-process materials, especially SiC, GaN, etc. whose importance as electronic device materials is increasing these days, with high processing efficiency and high precision even for a space wavelength range of not less than several tens of ?m. The catalyst-aided chemical processing method comprises: putting a workpiece in a processing liquid in which halogen-containing molecules are dissolved; and moving the workpiece and a catalyst composed of molybdenum or a molybdenum compound relative to each other while keeping the catalyst in contact with or close proximity to a surface to be processed of the workpiece, thereby processing the surface of the workpiece.

Abstract: A catalyst-aided chemical processing method can process hard-to-process materials, especially SiC, GaN, etc. whose importance as electronic device materials is increasing these days, with high processing efficiency and high precision even for a space wavelength range of not less than several tens of ?m. The catalyst-aided chemical processing method comprises: putting a workpiece in a processing liquid in which halogen-containing molecules are dissolved; and moving the workpiece and a catalyst composed of molybdenum or a molybdenum compound relative to each other while keeping the catalyst in contact with or close proximity to a surface to be processed of the workpiece, thereby processing the surface of the workpiece.

Abstract: A flattening method, by utilizing the advantages of the CARE method and making up for the disadvantages, can perform removal processing of a surface of a workpiece at a sufficient processing rate and can provide a processed surface having enhanced flatness without leaving damage in the processed surface. A flattening method comprises at least two surface removal steps and at least two cleaning steps, the final surface removal step being a catalyst-referred etching step comprising immersing a workpiece in a processing solution containing at least one of hydrohalic acid, hydrogen peroxide water and ozone water, and bringing a surface of a catalyst platen into contact with or close proximity to a surface to be processed of the workpiece to process the surface, said catalyst platen having in a surface a catalyst selected from the group consisting of platinum, gold, a ceramic solid catalyst, a transition metal, glass, and an acidic or basic solid catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst-aided chemical processing method can process hard-to-process materials, especially SiC, GaN, etc. whose importance as electronic device materials is increasing these days, with high processing efficiency and high precision even for a space wavelength range of not less than several tens of ?m. The catalyst-aided chemical processing method comprises: putting a workpiece in a processing liquid in which halogen-containing molecules are dissolved; and moving the workpiece and a catalyst composed of molybdenum or a molybdenum compound relative to each other while keeping the catalyst in contact with or close proximity to a surface to be processed of the workpiece, thereby processing the surface of the workpiece.

Abstract: In a vehicle control apparatus having an arithmetic processing unit including an arithmetic unit, a storage unit and a communication unit, and an input/output unit including an signal input unit or a signal output unit and a communication unit, the arithmetic processing unit is connected to the input/output unit via a serial communication line, the input/output unit is equipped with an event management unit for detecting an event of a signal input or a signal output and notifying the event to the arithmetic processing unit; and the arithmetic processing unit is, equipped with an input/output management unit for performing data exchange between the signal input unit or the signal output unit and the storage unit via the communication units, in accordance with a request from the arithmetic unit and an event notice from the event management unit.

Abstract: In a DMA controller having such a structure capable of readily changing a total channel number, a channel number depending unit for handling a signal related to the total channel number; an instance capable unit which can be repeatedly used plural times equal to the total channel number; and also a channel number not-depending unit are extracted from the respective functions of the DAM controller. Then, these extracted units are combined with each other so as to constitute a functional block of the DMA controller circuit. In such a case that a total device number is changed, since only the channel number depending unit may be merely corrected, a total number of correcting stages can be reduced. The reuse rate of the channel number not-depending unit may be increased.

Abstract: In a case where a graphic image segment of which positional information is defined in a world coordinate system and of which size information is defined in a device coordinate system is developed to be displayed on a multi-window screen, the development processing performance is improved in peripheral portions of the window. A rectangular development area (first development area) associated with the window is expanded with consideration of a size information of a graphic segment so as to obtain a second development area. The second development area is compared with a rectangular area (an existence area) circumscribing a graphic image represented only with positional information of the graphic segment. As a result, whether or not the graphic segment is to be developed is determined. The first development area is reduced with consideration of size information of the graphic segment to produce a third development area.

Abstract: A main processor sends to a command distribution device a series of graphic commands including an attribute command updating the state of the attribute which designates a display mode, and a primitive command defining graphics to be displayed. The command distribution device sequentially distributes the series of graphic commands to a plurality of geometry processors which process the graphics according to the type of command. The primitive command is sent to any one of plurality of geometry processors. At least those of the attribute commands which relate to the attributes of display used by the geometry processors are sent to all the geometry processors. The pixel commands comprising the outputs of those geometry processors are sent to a pixel processor which generates an image corresponding to the pixel commands.

Abstract: The display system and a thick line display method realizes a high-speed and accurate display of a thick line without any disorder even if a display range is to be processed by two or more clip frames when the thick line is to be displayed by parallel setting a reference line component and at least one additional line component which is obtained by parallel moving the reference line component in a display system such as an information processing unit that displays graphs. For this purpose, a clip frame showing a display range is expanded by a predetermined width equal to or larger than the total width of additional line components to be set at least at one side of the reference line component and the additional line component is obtained in that expanded frame, and the line component within the clip frame of the additional line component and the reference line component within the clip frame are displayed.

Abstract: A pipelined adder for adding or subtracting two floating point input data each expressed by a sign data, an exponent data and a mantissa expressed in a sign-magnitude format, in accordance with an external operation mode designation signal to produce a floating point sum or difference data in a sign-magnitude format. In a first stage of the adder, the magnitudes of the exponent data of the input data are compared by a subtractor or a comparator and the magnitudes of the mantissa data of the input data are compared by a subtractor or a comparator. An actual operation mode for the mantissa data of the input data is determined, on the basis of the compare results of the exponent data and the mantissa data and the external operation mode designation signals, so that the operation result data is always expressed in a sign-magnitude format.

Abstract: A multi-computer system includes a plurality of data processors and at least one I/O device which is commonly accessible by the data processors. A plurality of serial bus loops are configurated in hierarchy with interbus linkage devices disposed between adjacent layers of the hierarchy. The data processors are connected to a plurality of first layer serial bus loops and the I/O device which is commonly accessible by the data processors is connected to a second layer of serial bus loop. The interbus linkage devices control linkage among the plurality of serial bus loops and carry out routing control for a start command from the data processor to the I/O device, routing control for an interruption to report the end of I/O device operation, routing control for data transfer, routing control for a request interruption and exclusive use control of the shared I/O device.