Abstract: A stacked piezoelectric device 1 including a ceramic laminate formed by laminating piezoelectric ceramic layers and inner electrode layers alternately and a pair of side electrodes. The inner electrode layers 13 and 14 have inner electrode portions 131 and 141 and the recessed portions 132 and 142. The ceramic laminate 15 has the stress absorbing portions 11 and 12. A recessed distance of one of two of the recessed portions 132 and 142 which interleave the stress absorbing portions 11 and 12 therebetween which is located on the same side surface as the stress absorbing portion 11 or 12 is greater than the depth of the stress absorbing portion 11 and 12.

Abstract: An electronic unit includes a double-sided substrate having an insulation substrate, a patterned first metal plate bonded on one side of the insulation substrate, and a patterned second metal plate bonded on the other side of the insulation substrate, and also includes a heat radiation member for releasing heat from the double-sided substrate. The heat radiation member is disposed adjacent to one of the first metal plate and the second metal plate generating a larger amount of heat than the other of the first metal plate and the second metal plate.

Abstract: A substrate connection structure includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a first connection terminal plate, a second connection terminal plate, and a fastening member. The first connection terminal plate extends away from the first substrate and includes a flat portion. The second connection terminal plate extends away from the second substrate and includes a flat portion. At least one of the flat portions includes a screw insertion portion. The fastening member fastens the first connection terminal plate and the second connection terminal plate through the screw insertion portion in a state in which the flat portions are in contact with each other.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a shielding member, an electric circuit, and a filter capacitor. The electric circuit has an output line and is arranged inside the shielding member. The filter capacitor is arranged outside the shielding member to be connected to the output line.

Abstract: An induction device includes a casing, a coil retainer, a coil that is disposed in the casing and retained to the coil retainer and a core that is disposed in the casing. The coil extends spirally around the core. The core and the coil retainer are fixed to the casing separately.

Abstract: A stacked piezoelectric device 1 including a ceramic laminate formed by laminating piezoelectric ceramic layers and inner electrode layers alternately and a pair of side electrodes. The inner electrode layers 13 and 14 have inner electrode portions 131 and 141 and the recessed portions 132 and 142. The ceramic laminate 15 has the stress absorbing portions 11 and 12. A recessed distance of one of two of the recessed portions 132 and 142 which interleave the stress absorbing portions 11 and 12 therebetween which is located on the same side surface as the stress absorbing portion 11 or 12 is greater than the depth of the stress absorbing portion 11 and 12.

Abstract: A laminated piezoelectric element according to the present invention includes a plurality of unit laminates and a plurality of adhesive layers. The unit laminates are stacked together. Each of the unit laminates includes a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic layers and a plurality of internal electrode layers that are alternately laminated with the piezoelectric ceramic layers in the lamination direction of the unit laminate. Each of the adhesive layers is formed between adjacent two of the unit laminates to bond the two unit laminates together. Further, each of the adhesive layers has a thickness of 1 ?m or less and an adhesive strength of 1.3 MPa or higher.

Abstract: A DC-AC converter for converting DC voltage to AC voltage. The converter includes a conversion circuit for converting DC voltage to voltage having a polarity corresponding to AC voltage. A filter circuit receives the converted voltage, smoothes the converted voltage, and outputs the smoothed voltage as AC voltage. A first switch operably connects the voltage conversion circuit and filter circuit. A second switch is arranged between input terminals of the filter circuit. An output current detection circuit detects overcurrent that is greater than a predetermined first threshold. When overcurrent that is greater than the first threshold is detected, the protection circuit stops the supply of power in the voltage conversion circuit, deactivates the first switch, and activates the second switch.

Abstract: A laminated-type piezoelectric element 1 is provided, which comprises a first external electrode layer 33, which is located at a side area of the laminated-type piezoelectric element 1, is electrically continuous to internal electrode layers 21, and comprises plural expansible and contractible opening portions 33a in a stacking direction of the laminated-type piezoelectric element 1. As the first external electrode layer 33 is connected to the laminated-type piezoelectric element 1 with an electrically conductive adhesive member 32 and the electrically conductive adhesive member 32 is narrower than the first external electrode layer 33, the electrically conductive adhesive member 32 penetrates into the opening portions 33a of the first external electrode layer 33 to form connections in a shape of an anchor. Therefore, the first external electrode layer 33 is firmly connected to the laminated-type piezoelectric element 1.

Abstract: A multilayer piezoelectric element has a pair of outer electrodes and a multilayer ceramic body composed of piezoelectric layers and inner electrode layers which are alternately stacked. The outer electrodes are formed on a pair of electrode connecting surfaces in the outer circumference surfaces of the multilayer ceramic body. Each outer electrode electrically connected to the inner electrode layers through connecting material is composed of a fixed part, a free part having plural expandable-openings, and a rigid part. The fixed part is electrically contacted with the connection material. A sectional area of the rigid part is rather than that of each of the fixed part and the free part in a width direction of the outer electrode. Each outer electrode has at least one part where the fixed part, the free part and the rigid part are arranged in order in the width direction.

Abstract: A laminated piezoelectric element according to the present invention includes a plurality of unit laminates and a plurality of adhesive layers. The unit laminates are stacked together. Each of the unit laminates includes a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic layers and a plurality of internal electrode layers that are alternately laminated with the piezoelectric ceramic layers in the lamination direction of the unit laminate. Each of the adhesive layers is formed between adjacent two of the unit laminates to bond the two unit laminates together. Further, each of the adhesive layers has a thickness of 1 ?m or less and an adhesive strength of 1.3 MPa or higher.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to clear up factors in deterioration due to optical reflection and to provide an optical transmission apparatus and an optical transmission system in which a superior optical transmission characteristic can be obtained for analog signals even if a reflection phenomenon occurs in an optical transmission line. There are provided a frequency converter (3) for converting the frequency band of a to-be-transmitted electric signal into a predetermined frequency band higher that this frequency band, and a semiconductor laser (4) serving as an electro-optic converter for performing electro-optic conversion upon the frequency-converted electric signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a piezoelectric actuator with excellent durability. In the present invention, a piezoelectric element 2 in which a plurality of piezoelectric layers that expand in accordance with an applied voltage, and internal electrode layers for supplying an applied voltage, are alternately laminated, and at least a part of the side surfaces 201 and 202 thereof is covered by an external packaging resin 25, the piezoelectric element 2 being housed in a sealed container 11 that substantially isolates it from the external atmosphere, and in which the internal atmosphere 19 is replaced by an inert gas. Alternatively, the piezoelectric element 2 is housed in a sealed container 11 that substantially isolates it from the external atmosphere, and the external packaging resin 25 includes an antioxidant.

Abstract: A laminated piezoelectric element (1) comprises a laminated piezoelectric element (1) piezoelectric layers (11) composed of a ceramic capable of expanding and contracting upon application of a voltage, and internal electrode layers (21a and 21b) that supply voltage to the piezoelectric layers, the internal electrode layers and piezoelectric layers being alternately provided, a first external electrode layer (31) provided on a side of the laminated piezoelectric element (1) and electrically connected with the internal electrode layers (21a and 21b), and a second external electrode layer (32) provided on a side of the laminated piezoelectric element (1) and electrically connected with the internal electrode layers (21a and 21b) via the first ecternal electrode layer wherein there are specific external electrode width relationships.

Abstract: A DC-AC converter for converting DC voltage to AC voltage. The converter includes a conversion circuit for converting DC voltage to voltage having a polarity corresponding to AC voltage. A filter circuit receives the converted voltage, smoothes the converted voltage, and outputs the smoothed voltage as AC voltage. A first switch operably connects the voltage conversion circuit and filter circuit. A second switch is arranged between input terminals of the filter circuit. An output current detection circuit detects overcurrent that is greater than a predetermined first threshold. When overcurrent that is greater than the first threshold is detected, the protection circuit stops the supply of power in the voltage conversion circuit, deactivates the first switch, and activates the second switch.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an optical transmitter that can suppress degradation of distortion characteristic and RIN characteristic caused by relaxation oscillation at high temperature by controlling average driving current of a light emitting element so that the average optical output power of the light emitting element is increased as the temperature increases like a case where the environmental temperature around the light emitting element increases.

Abstract: A multilayer piezoelectric element has a pair of outer electrodes and a multilayer ceramic body composed of piezoelectric layers and inner electrode layers which are alternately stacked. The outer electrodes are formed on a pair of electrode connecting surfaces in the outer circumference surfaces of the multilayer ceramic body. Each outer electrode electrically connected to the inner electrode layers through connecting material is composed of a fixed part, a free part having plural expandable-openings, and a rigid part. The fixed part is electrically contacted with the connection material. A sectional area of the rigid part is rather than that of each of the fixed part and the free part in a width direction of the outer electrode. Each outer electrode has at least one part where the fixed part, the free part and the rigid part are arranged in order in the width direction.

Abstract: A base station capable of maintaining a signal quality and appropriately controlling a transmission power, taking into account the radio propagation characteristics of some different frequency bands, thereby drawing the best out of the system performance. In this base station (120), a mobile speed determining circuit (125) determines the mobile speed of a mobile station (110). A band determining part (126) determines whether the mobile speed of the mobile station (110) is greater or smaller than a predetermined threshold. A band control circuit (127) controls a wireless receiving circuit (123) and a wireless transmitting circuit (130) such that they use a low frequency band when the mobile speed is greater than the predetermined threshold and that, otherwise, they use a high frequency band.

Abstract: A transmitting device and a receiving device at a low cost that can improve reliability of a communication quality, and a signal transmission apparatus and a signal transmission method therefor are provided. An RF signal input to a transmitting device is converted into an IF signal, by a frequency converter, employing a first local signal output by a local signal generator. The IF signal is synthesized, by a frequency multiplexer, with a second local signal that is a local signal multiplied at a frequency division ratio 1/n by a frequency demultiplier. The synthesis signal is FM modulated by an FM modulator, and the resultant signal is transmitted to a receiving device. The signal received by the receiving device is demodulated by an FM demodulator, and the demodulated signal is separated, by a frequency separator, into the second local signal and the IF signal. The second local signal is multiplied by a multiple n by a multiplier to obtain the first local signal.

Abstract: Up and down signal levels in a wireless base station and a forward base station can be automatically adjusted into predetermined levels respectively with a simple configuration. In an interface portion 12, a pilot signal P of a predetermined level is generated by a pilot signal generator 120, and multiplexed with a down transmission signal 111 from a wireless base station 11 by a multiplexer 121. The multiplexed signal is amplified with a constant gain by a down signal amplifier 122, then converted into a down optical signal by an electro-optic converter 123, wavelength-multiplexed by an optical multi/demultiplexer 124, sent out to an optical fiber 15, and transmitted to a forward base station 13. In the forward base station 13, the down optical signal wavelength-demultiplexed by an optical multi/demultiplexer 124 is converted into a down electric signal by an opto-electric converter 125, and the pilot signal P is demultiplexed by a demultiplexer 133.