Abstract: An electrolyte having a structure where a fluorinated hydrophilic segment A represented by -E2-[Rf-E1]m- and a hydrocarbon hydrophobic segment B are alternately bonded to each other through chemical bond and a production process therefor, and an electrolyte membrane, a production process therefor, a catalyst layer and a fuel cell using the same. Rf is a linear or a branched perfluoro chain having one or more carbon atoms, E1, and E2 are each a proton conductive portion represented by Formula —(CONM)i1(CO)i2(SO2NM)i3(SO2)i4— (0?i1, 0?i2?1, 0?i3, 0?i4?1, 0<i1+i3, i1 to i4 are each an integer, and M is proton, alkali metal, or alkali earth metal), 2?m (m is an integer), and Rf, E1, and E2 may be each arbitrarily selected in the repeating unit.

Abstract: A data wiring is provided on a glass substrate in an active element substrate. For the data wiring, a first portion, extending in a direction that slopes and forms a fixed angle with respect to the rubbing direction of an oriented film, and a second portion, extending in a direction sloping to the opposite side of the first portion are alternately arranged and formed in a zigzag pattern. A convex insulation film is formed in a zigzag pattern to cover the data wiring and a common electrode is formed in a zigzag pattern to cover the insulation film. A shilding layer is formed in a zigzag pattern on an opposing substrate to completely cover the insulation film and does not protrude from the region directly above the common electrode. The high-contrast, multi-domain system in-plane switching type liquid crystal display device obtained with a high numerical aperture and low black brightness.

Abstract: In the radius end mill, main gash faces has an angle of inclination with respect to an axis that is smaller than a twist angle of chip discharge flutes. The main gash faces are formed on inner circumferential sides of distal end portions of wall surfaces that face in a tool rotation direction of helically twisted chip discharge flutes, which is formed on an outer circumference of a distal end portion of a tool body that is rotated around the axis. End cutting edges are formed on a distal end of the main gash faces. Sub gash faces has an angle of inclination with respect to the axis that is greater than that of the main gash faces. The sub gash faces are formed on an outer circumferential side of the main gash faces such that they extend away via step portions from the main gash faces.

Abstract: In the radius end mill, main gash faces has an angle of inclination with respect to an axis that is smaller than a twist angle of chip discharge flutes. The main gash faces are formed on inner circumferential sides of distal end portions of wall surfaces that face in a tool rotation direction of helically twisted chip discharge flutes, which is formed on an outer circumference of a distal end portion of a tool body that is rotated around the axis. End cutting edges are formed on a distal end of the main gash faces. Sub gash faces has an angle of inclination with respect to the axis that is greater than that of the main gash faces. The sub gash faces are formed on an outer circumferential side of the main gash faces such that they extend away via step portions from the main gash faces.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of the present invention is applied to manufacture of a liquid crystal display device comprising an array board, an opposing board opposing the array board, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of boards. The method includes a step of performing alignment processing on an alignment film formed on the surface of at least one of the pair of boards in contact with the liquid crystal. The alignment processing is performed by irradiating energy having an anisotropy such as ion beams to the alignment film in a plurality of steps while the energy intensity is set to be lowest in the final irradiation step.

Abstract: First and second columnar spacers are formed on a color filter substrate, and step films are formed on an active matrix substrate in the same step as signal lines. The columnar spacers are formed by proximity exposure, and the step films are formed by being exposed by a lens projection system. In plan view, the step films are disposed inside the columnar spacers. The first columnar spacers are made to be in contact with the regions of the protective film that are higher in elevation with the step films in the active matrix substrate.

Abstract: A sealing member is formed on a glass substrate, and dropping points are arranged in the form of a matrix in the region surrounded by the sealing member. The dropping points arranged in the outermost columns and the second outermost columns are connected respectively to imagine first straight lines and second straight lines. Third straight lines are imagined to be equidistant from the first straight lines and the second straight lines. The positions of the dropping points are determined in such a manner that the density of the dropping points in four edge divided regions can be 0.9 to 1.1 times the density of the dropping points in the region as a whole, and the density of the dropping points in four corner divided regions can be 0.83 to 1.17 times the density of the dropping points in the region as a whole.

Abstract: Recesses and protrusions are formed on the surface of an orientation film that is formed on a substrate of the liquid crystal display panel comprising a glass substrate 1 and a TFT 2. An ion beam is radiated on the entire surface of the uneven orientation film to reach the saturating condition, thereby increasing the effective orientation surface area. If there are large bumps on the surface of the orientation film 3 that is radiated by an ion beam from an ion beam source to cause shadow portions, the ion beam is radiated on the shadow portions from the opposite direction. In order to form recesses and protrusions on the orientation film, it is preferable to have an orientation plate mesh structure having rough mesh depth and pitch and a particular solvent composition that easily causes recesses and protrusions on the surface chosen as the orientation material.

Abstract: In fabrication of an electrophoretic display device, a display defect (blotches or smears on the display screen) caused by the fact that a very small quantity of moisture and/or air bubbles existing near the electrophoretic display element layer enter the inside of the layer, and another display defect (defective driving) caused by the fact that the said moisture and/or air bubbles enter the boundary between the first substrate and the layer, are reliably prevented. The display element layer is fixed on the display region of the TFT substrate, the sealing member is formed on the TFT substrate to surround the display element layer, and the glass substrate is fixed to the sealing member, constituting the closed inner space around the layer. The space is filled with an inert gas having a pressure approximately equal to an atmospheric pressure or set in a predetermined vacuum state.

Abstract: A LCD panel includes a LC layer, an active-matrix substrate including an electrode layer for applying a lateral electric field to the LC layer, and a counter substrate opposing the active-matrix substrate with an intervention of the LC layer 11. The active-matrix substrate includes a first alignment film formed in the surface which touches the LC layer 11 by the rubbing technique is formed, and second alignment film 35 formed in the surface which touches the LC layer 11 by the particle beam glaring technique is formed on the counter substrate 13.

Abstract: In the radius end mill, main gash faces has an angle of inclination with respect to an axis that is smaller than a twist angle of chip discharge flutes. The main gash faces are formed on inner circumferential sides of distal end portions of wall surfaces that face in a tool rotation direction of helically twisted chip discharge flutes, which is formed on an outer circumference of a distal end portion of a tool body that is rotated around the axis. End cutting edges are formed on a distal end of the main gash faces. Sub gash faces has an angle of inclination with respect to the axis that is greater than that of the main gash faces. The sub gash faces are formed on an outer circumferential side of the main gash faces such that they extend away via step portions from the main gash faces.

Abstract: Spacer heights are measured at a plurality of measuring points on the display area in a substrate, and the distribution of spacer heights in the display area is estimated in accordance with the measured spacer heights. The average value of spacer heights are calculated by virtually dividing the display area into a plurality of sectors, and a dispensing amount in each sector is accurately controlled in accordance with the difference between the average value and a reference value.

Abstract: A data wiring is provided on a glass substrate in an active element substrate. For the data wiring, a first portion, extending in a direction that slopes and forms a fixed angle with respect to the rubbing direction of an oriented film, and a second portion, extending in a direction sloping to the opposite side of the first portion are alternately arranged and formed in a zigzag pattern. Furthermore, a convex insulation film is formed in a zigzag pattern so as to cover the data wiring and a common electrode is formed in a zigzag pattern so as to cover the insulation film. Additionally, the shielding layer is formed in a zigzag pattern on an opposing substrate such that it completely covers the insulation film and does not protrude from the region directly above the common electrode. Because of this, a high-contrast, multi-domain system in-plane switching type liquid crystal display device can be obtained with a high numerical aperture and low black brightness.

Abstract: In the radius end mill, main gash faces has an angle of inclination with respect to an axis that is smaller than a twist angle of chip discharge flutes. The main gash faces are formed on inner circumferential sides of distal end portions of wall surfaces that face in a tool rotation direction of helically twisted chip discharge flutes, which is formed on an outer circumference of a distal end portion of a tool body that is rotated around the axis. End cutting edges are formed on a distal end of the main gash faces. Sub gash faces has an angle of inclination with respect to the axis that is greater than that of the main gash faces. The sub gash faces are formed on an outer circumferential side of the main gash faces such that they extend away via step portions from the main gash faces.

Abstract: First and second columnar spacers are formed on a color filter substrate, and step films are formed on an active matrix substrate in the same step as signal lines. The columnar spacers are formed by proximity exposure, and the step films are formed by being exposed by a lens projection system. In plan view, the step films are disposed inside the columnar spacers. The first columnar spacers are made to be in contact with the regions of the protective film that are higher in elevation with the step films in the active matrix substrate.

Abstract: A sealing member is formed on a glass substrate, and dropping points are arranged in the form of a matrix in the region surrounded by the sealing member. The dropping points arranged in the outermost columns and the second outermost columns are connected respectively to imagine first straight lines and second straight lines. Third straight lines are imagined to be equidistant from the first straight lines and the second straight lines. The positions of the dropping points are determined in such a manner that the density of the dropping points in four edge divided regions can be 0.9 to 1.1 times the density of the dropping points in the region as a whole, and the density of the dropping points in four corner divided regions can be 0.83 to 1.17 times the density of the dropping points in the region as a whole.

Abstract: The present invention provides a group of mouse spermatogenesis genes, which is an assembly of 89 genes in total, wherein the respective genes transcribe mRNAs from which cDNAs having the respective base sequences of SEQ ID NOs:1 to 89 are synthesized; an Scot-t gene mutation and a protamine-2 gene mutation which are human homologues of genes belonging to the group of mouse genes and associated with human male infertility. The invention also provides a group of mouse spermatogenesis genes and various molecular biological materials relating thereto; various molecular biological materials relating to male infertility-associated gene mutations; and various test methods and diagnostic methods using the same.

Abstract: In order to provide an electro luminescent element with high heat endurance and low crystallinity using functional molecules having functions of hole transporting, luminescence, and electron transporting, an electro luminescent element according to the present invention comprises one or more organic compound layers 14 between a first electrode 12 and a second electrode 16, wherein at least one of the organic compound layers 14 is a condensed ring compound derivative represented by the following chemical formula, in which A1 and A2 represent substituents, B1 through B6 represent directly connected or di functional substituents, and R1 and R2 represent functional units having each of the functions of hole transporting, luminescence, and electron transporting, such as triphenylamine, coumarin, and oxadiazole derivative.

Abstract: Quinoline derivatives represented by formula (1) wherein two or more of substituents R1 to R7 are each a group of formula (2). In general formula (2), Q is a carbo- or hetero-aryl group; and the number (n) of double bonds is preferably 1 to 3. Use of such derivatives in an organic EL device provided with a layer of an organic compound and two electrodes sandwiching the layer as the organic compound gives devices emitting yellow to red light with high brightness and high efficiency. Further, doping a hole transport layer with such derivatives realizes organic EL devices capable of emitting lights of resultant colors (e.g., white) composed of lights from light-emitting and hole transport layers.

Abstract: A process for producing an aromatic monomer for synthesizing a self-doped conductive polymer, the process comprising: introducing an alkoxysulfonic acid group as a self-doping group to a benzene or naphthalene derivative having a hydroxyl group bonded to an aromatic ring thereof by alkanesulfonation of the hydroxyl group; protecting the self-doping group by converting to an acid halide form by sulfonyl halogenation; and introducing two chloromethyl groups as a polymerizable groups into the aromatic ring.