Abstract: A hard disk drive (HDD) includes an enclosure base, a first cover coupled to the base, and two separate gasket seals composed of different materials and configured to seal the interface between the first cover and the base. One gasket seal is composed of a material having a low permeability to helium or another lighter-than-air gas contained within the HDD, and the other gasket seal is composed of material having a low water vapor or moisture transmission. By using two separate independent gaskets which have different attributes, helium concentration is kept high and humidity is kept low during manufacturing testing, prior to affixing a hermetic second cover over the first cover, and degradation of HDD performance due to change of flying height is ultimately avoided.

Abstract: Provided is a method for nitriding a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet which is very useful in obtaining excellent magnetic properties with no variation, that enables generating glow discharge between positive electrodes and negative electrodes disposed in a nitriding zone and irradiating the generated plasma to a strip to perform appropriate nitriding.

Abstract: The present invention provides a resistance spot welding method. A resistance spot welding method according to the present invention in which a sheet combination of two or more overlapping steel sheets is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes and joined together by applying current while applying pressure, the method including a main current application step in which current application is performed with a current Iw (kA), and subsequently, a post-tempering heat treatment step in which after cooling is performed for a cooling time tct (ms) shown in formula (1) below, current application is performed with a current It (kA) shown in formula (2) below for a current application time tt (ms) shown in formula (3) below: 800?tct . . . formula (1), 0.5×Iw?It?Iw . . . formula (2), and 500?tt . . . formula (3).

Abstract: A mounting structure includes a first substrate that has a first surface on which a functional element is provided, a wiring that is provided at a position which is different from a position of the functional element on the first surface, and is connected to the functional element, a second substrate that has a second surface facing the first surface, and a conductor that is provided on the second surface, and is connected to the wiring and the functional element, in which the shortest distance between the functional element and the second substrate is longer than a distance between a position where the wiring is connected to the conductor, and the second substrate.

Abstract: A high-strength steel sheet of the present invention has a specific chemical composition. Furthermore, in the steel sheet, a degree of Mn segregation in a specific region is 1.5 or less; a maximum P concentration in a specific region is 0.08 mass % or less; in a specific region, at least one specific MnS particle group is present, the number of specific MnS particle groups is 2.0 or fewer per 1 mm2, and the number of specific oxide-based inclusions is 8 or fewer per 1 mm2; of all oxide-based inclusions, oxide-based inclusions having a specific composition are present in a number ratio of 80% or greater; the microstructure includes, in terms of a volume fraction, 30 to 95% martensite, 5 to 70% ferrite phase, less than 30% (and 0% or greater) bainite, and less than 2.0% (and 0% or greater) austenite phase; and a tensile strength is 980 MPa or greater.

Abstract: An electro-optical device is provided and includes first signal lines extending in first direction on substrate; second signal lines extending in second direction on substrate, second direction intersecting first direction; pixel area in which pixel electrodes are disposed; outer peripheral edge of pixel area having curved or bent portions; first and second circuit blocks arranged along curved or bent portions, each of first and second circuit blocks including at least two unit circuits, wherein second circuit block is arranged adjacent to first circuit block with gap therebetween in first direction, first circuit block has first upper part and first lower part that define width of first circuit block in second direction, second circuit block has second upper part and second lower part that define width of second circuit block in second direction, and first upper part is arranged between second upper part and second lower part in second direction.

Abstract: A high-strength steel sheet having a specified chemical composition and a method for producing the same. The steel sheet including a multi-phase structure including, by volume fraction, ferrite of 35% to 65%, residual austenite of 7% or less (including 0%), martensite of 20% to 60%, bainite of 20% or less (including 0%), the ferrite having an average crystal grain size of 8 ?m or less and an average aspect ratio of 3.5 or less, the martensite having an average crystal grain size of 3 ?m or less, and the bainite having an average crystal grain size of 3 ?m or less when contained. A standard deviation of Vickers hardness of the steel sheet being 30 or less when measured at 200 ?m intervals from a position of 100 ?m from a surface to a central portion in a thickness direction of the sheet.

Abstract: A high-strength cold rolled steel sheet having a specified chemical composition and a method for producing the same. The steel sheet having a microstructure including, in terms of volume fraction, 35% or less of ferrite, 1% or more and 10% or less of retained austenite, 2% or more and 12% or less of as-quenched martensite, and a total of 25% to 70% of bainite and tempered martensite. The microstructure has an average crystal grain diameter of the ferrite: 5.0 ?m or less, an average crystal grain diameter of the retained austenite: 2.0 ?m or less, an average crystal grain diameter of the as-quenched martensite: 3.0 ?m or less, an average crystal grain diameter of the bainite and the tempered martensite phase: 4.0 ?m or less, and an average intergrain distance of the as-quenched martensite of 1.0 ?m or more.

Abstract: A bicycle control device includes an electronic controller that controls a motor to assist propulsion of a bicycle. The electronic controller is configured to decrease an output of the motor upon determining that a shifting device is performing a shifting action to change a transmission ratio of the bicycle. The electronic controller is further configured to end the control that decreases the output of the motor before a predetermined period elapses upon determining that the shifting action is completed or the transmission ratio is changed before the predetermined period has elapsed. The electronic controller is further configured to end the control that decreases the output of the motor upon determining that the predetermined period has elapsed in a case where the shifting action or the change in the transmission ratio is uncompleted even though the predetermined period has elapsed.

Abstract: A welding process used in a method of manufacturing a steel sheet assembly includes spot welding steel sheets performed for a heat time of 0.08 seconds or more using a convex electrode with a tip radius of curvature of 20 mm or more or a flat electrode such that the weld force F (kN) for initial 0.03 seconds of the heat time satisfies formula: F<0.00125×(1+0.75×tall)+3 where TS (MPa) denotes an average strength of the steel sheets and represents a weighted mean value of a thickness of each of the steel sheets, and tall (mm) denotes a total thickness of the steel sheets (the sum of the thicknesses of the steel sheets).

Abstract: A resistance spot welding method comprises: performing test welding; and performing actual welding after the test welding, wherein in subsequent current passage in the test welding, current passage is performed by constant current control under a condition: 0.5?Vtp/Vtm?2.0 when tc<800 ms; 0.5?0.3×(tc?800)/800?Vtp/Vtm?2.0?0.5×(tc?800)/800 when 800 ms?tc<1600 ms; and 0.2?Vtp/Vtm?1.5 when tc?1600 ms, where Vtm is an average value of a voltage between the electrodes in main current passage in the test welding, and Vtp is an average value of a voltage between the electrodes in the subsequent current passage in the test welding, and wherein in main current passage in the actual welding, adaptive control welding is performed, and in subsequent current passage in the actual welding, current passage is performed by constant current control under a condition: 0.8×Itp?Imp?1.

Abstract: A resistance spot welding method comprises: performing test welding; and performing actual welding after the test welding, wherein in the test welding, 0.2?Vtp/Vtm?1.5 is satisfied where Vtm is an average value of a voltage between the electrodes in main current passage in the test welding and Vtp is an average value of a voltage between the electrodes in subsequent current passage in the test welding, and in each of main current passage and subsequent current passage in the actual welding, a time variation curve of an instantaneous amount of heat generated per unit volume and a cumulative amount of heat generated per unit volume that are stored in a corresponding one of the main current passage and the subsequent current passage in the test welding are set as a target, and adaptive control welding is performed to control a current passage amount according to the target.

Abstract: A bicycle controller includes an electronic control unit that controls a transmission device. The transmission device is configured to change a ratio of a rotational speed of a wheel of a bicycle to a rotational speed of a crank of the bicycle, and a motor. The motor transmits torque to an upstream side of the transmission device in a transmission path of manual driving force that is input to the crank. The electronic control unit is configured to switch between a first mode that drives the motor in accordance with the manual driving force and a second mode that allows the motor to be driven to assist walking of the bicycle. The electronic control unit is configured to control a rotational speed of the motor in accordance with the ratio in the second mode.

Abstract: A camera actuator comprises: a fixed-side member; a movable-side member provided so as to be displaced in relation to the fixed-side member, the movable-side member holding a lens unit; and a drive unit that generates drive force to displace the movable-side member within a plane including a first direction and a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, the drive unit generating as drive force a combined force obtained by combining a propulsion force that displaces the movable-side member in a specified direction that is either the first direction or the second direction, and a resistance force that resists an external force acting so as to cause the movable-side member to deviate from the specified direction.

Abstract: An ultrasonic device includes: a substrate that includes, at a first surface thereof, one or more vibrators that generate ultrasonic waves by vibrating and a plurality of electrodes coupled to the vibrators; a protective substrate that protects the vibrators and is provided with an opening facing the electrode on a first surface side of the substrate; and a gap material that provides a gap between the substrate and the protective substrate, and in a plan view of the substrate and the protective substrate in a stacking direction thereof, the opening includes the electrode inside.

Abstract: A resistance spot welding method of squeezing parts to be welded, which are a plurality of overlapping metal sheets, by a pair of electrodes and passing a current while applying an electrode force to join the parts to be welded comprises: a first step of passing a current by constant current control to form a fusion zone having a diameter of not less than 2?{square root over (t)}, expressed in mm, between the metal sheets, where t, expressed in mm, is a sheet thickness of a thinnest metal sheet of the metal sheets; a second step of cooling the fusion zone to have a diameter of not greater than 80% of D, where D, expressed in mm, is a diameter of the fusion zone formed in the first step; and a third step of performing adaptive control welding by controlling a current passage amount according to a target that is set.

Abstract: A resistance spot welding method comprises: performing test welding; and performing actual welding after the test welding, wherein in main current passage in the actual welding, adaptive control welding is performed, and in subsequent current passage in the actual welding, current passage is performed by constant current control with a current determined based on an electrical property between electrodes in each of main current passage in the test welding and the main current passage in the actual welding.

Abstract: A bicycle control device includes an electronic controller that controls a motor, which assists propulsion of a bicycle. The electronic controller is configured to decrease an output of the motor to less than or equal to a limit value upon determining a shifting device is performing a shifting action to change a transmission ratio of the bicycle. The electronic controller is further configured to change at least one of the limit value of the output of the motor and a time in which the output of the motor is decreased upon determining the shifting device is performing the shifting action in accordance with at least one of an actuation state of the shifting device in the shifting action and a parameter of the bicycle that is changed by the shifting action performed by the shifting device.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes first and second signal lines extending in first and second directions respectively on a component substrate; a pixel area disposed at a portion corresponding to an intersection of the first and second signal lines; a signal output circuit disposed outside the pixel area and outputs a driving signal to the first signal line and including circuit blocks arranged next to one another, wherein an outer peripheral edge of the pixel area has a curved or bent portion facing the signal output circuit, a first circuit block included in the circuit blocks is arranged along the curved or bent portion, and a second circuit block included in the circuit blocks and adjacent to the first circuit block is arranged so as to be displaced in the first direction from the first circuit block, and a lead-out area where the first and second circuit blocks are connected.

Abstract: A bicycle control device includes an electronic controller and a gas pressure detection device. The electronic controller receives data indicative of a detected gas pressure of a tire provided to a bicycle. The tire is configured to maintain a gas in a compressed state. The gas pressure detection device is directly attached to a valve of the tire. The gas pressure detection device includes a sensor and a wireless communication device. The sensor detects the gas pressure of the tire. The wireless communication device is configured to perform wireless communication with the electronic controller.