Abstract: A manufacturing method of a semiconductor element includes forming a plurality of islands, each including a semiconductor layer containing a nitride semiconductor and a support formed on the semiconductor layer, on a sapphire substrate, joining the support to a retention substrate via an adhesive member, peeling off the semiconductor layer from the sapphire substrate by irradiating the semiconductor layer with laser light, and polishing a surface of the semiconductor layers peeled off from the sapphire substrate.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a semiconductor element includes forming a plurality of semiconductor layers on a sapphire substrate, each of the semiconductor layers having a first surface on the sapphire substrate side and a second surface on the opposite side, joining the second surfaces of the plurality of semiconductor layers to a retention member via an adhesive member, peeling off the plurality of semiconductor layers from the sapphire substrate by irradiating the first surfaces of the plurality of semiconductor layers with laser light, and polishing the first surfaces of the plurality of semiconductor layers. At least one semiconductor layer among the plurality of semiconductor layers includes a polishing indication part extending from the second surface toward the first surface. The polishing is executed until the polishing indication part is exposed to the polished surface.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device has a plastic package including an inductor, a first memory chip including a booster circuit that boosts a voltage from a first voltage to a second voltage using the inductor, and a second memory chip having a terminal supplied with the second voltage from the first memory chip.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device has a plastic package including an inductor, a first memory chip including a booster circuit that boosts a voltage from a first voltage to a second voltage using the inductor, and a second memory chip having a terminal supplied with the second voltage from the first memory chip.

Abstract: A memory management device of an example of the invention controls writing into and reading from a main memory including a nonvolatile semiconductor memory and a volatile semiconductor memory in response to a writing request and a reading request from a processor. The memory management device includes a coloring information storage unit that stores coloring information generated based on a data characteristic of write target data to be written into at least one of the nonvolatile semiconductor memory and the volatile semiconductor memory, and a writing management unit that references the coloring information to determines a region into which the write target data is written from the nonvolatile semiconductor memory and the volatile semiconductor memory.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a storage unit, a management unit that acquires attributes of communication apparatuses from a plurality of the communication apparatuses and stores identifiers of the communication apparatuses and the attributes in the storage unit in association with each other as communication apparatus information, and a selection unit that selects a distributor apparatus that is the communication apparatus distributing a content to the other communication apparatuses as a radio signal based on the communication apparatus information are included.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a communication apparatus includes an operation mode storage unit that stores a mode in which the communication apparatus operates as a wireless base station or a terminal and a non-volatile memory, wherein a transmission message is output to the outside when the communication apparatus operates as the wireless base station, data included in a received reception message is stored in the non-volatile memory when the communication apparatus operates as the terminal, and when the communication apparatus operates as the wireless base station, after all data transmitted from a first external wireless base station is received, if a communication quality with the first wireless base station is less than a predetermined value, and no message is received from a wireless base station other than the first wireless base station, a channel selection and switching process is performed, and then the operation mode is changed from the terminal to the wireless base station.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a communication apparatus includes an operation mode storage unit that stores a mode in which the communication apparatus operates as a wireless base station or a terminal and a non-volatile memory, wherein a transmission message is output to the outside when the communication apparatus operates as the wireless base station, data included in a received reception message is stored in the non-volatile memory when the communication apparatus operates as the terminal, and when the communication apparatus operates as the wireless base station, after all data transmitted from a first external wireless base station is received, if a communication quality with the first wireless base station is less than a predetermined value, and no message is received from a wireless base station other than the first wireless base station, a channel selection and switching process is performed, and then the operation mode is changed from the terminal to the wireless base station.

Abstract: According to the embodiments, a communication apparatus stores therein an operation mode indicating whether the communication apparatus is a publisher or a subscriber, and includes a message processing unit that generates a transmission message and analyzes a reception message and a nonvolatile memory. When the communication apparatus is subscriber, the communication apparatus sends a repair message to request a retransmission of a data chunk not successively received. When the communication apparatus is publisher, the communication apparatus selectively retransmits the data chunk based on the repair message.

Abstract: A mode of a publisher or a subscriber is stored. Also, a first identifier indicating affiliation to a first group is stored. In a case of the publisher, a transmission message including ToC information, which is a list of the first identifiers and data to be transmitted, is transmitted to an outside. In a case of the subscriber, when a received message includes the first identifier, data included in the message is stored into a non-volatile memory, and when it is determined that all data in the ToC information stored in the received message are already received and that the number of publishers is less than a threshold, the stored mode is changed to the publisher.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a storage device management device is connected to a random access memory and a first storage device. When the random access memory includes a free region sufficient to store write data, the write data is stored onto the random access memory. Data on the random access memory selected in the descending order of elapsed time from the last access is sequentially copied onto the first storage device, and a region in the random access memory which has stored the copied data is released. When stored on the random access memory, the read data is read from the random access memory to the processor. When stored on the first storage device, the read data is copied onto the random access memory and read from the random access memory to the processor.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a semiconductor device includes a processor, and a memory device. The memory device has a nonvolatile semiconductor storage device and is configured to serve as a main memory for the processor. When the processor executes a plurality of programs, the processor manages pieces of information required to execute the programs as worksets for the respective programs, and creates tables, which hold relationships between pieces of information required for the respective worksets and addresses of the pieces of information in the memory device, for the respective worksets. The processor accesses to the memory device with reference to the corresponding tables for the respective worksets.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a storage unit, a management unit that acquires attributes of communication apparatuses from a plurality of the communication apparatuses and stores identifiers of the communication apparatuses and the attributes in the storage unit in association with each other as communication apparatus information, and a selection unit that selects a distributor apparatus that is the communication apparatus distributing a content to the other communication apparatuses as a radio signal based on the communication apparatus information are included.

Abstract: According to the embodiments, when a communication apparatus is a publisher, a transmission message including a first identifier is transmitted using first transmission power, when the communication apparatus is a subscriber, data of a reception message including the first identifier is stored in a nonvolatile memory, when at least a part of the reception message cannot be received, a repair message for requesting retransmission of the reception message is transmitted from a wireless interface unit using second transmission power, and when there is no response, a repair message is transmitted using third transmission power that is larger than the second transmission power.

Abstract: A device according to an example of the invention comprises a section which accepts a write destination logical address and write target data from a processor, the write destination logical address indicating a write position to write the write target data into a composite memory which includes a first memory and a nonvolatile second memory, a section which determines a write destination physical address corresponding to the write destination logical address so that the number of times of access to the second memory is smaller than the number of times of access to the first memory, a section which stores, in a storage section, address conversion data associating the write destination logical address with the write destination physical address, and a section which writes the write target data into a position in the composite memory indicated by the write destination physical address.

Abstract: A memory management device of an example of the invention controls writing into and reading from a main memory including a nonvolatile semiconductor memory and a volatile semiconductor memory in response to a writing request and a reading request from a processor. The memory management device includes a coloring information storage unit that stores coloring information generated based on a data characteristic of write target data to be written into at least one of the nonvolatile semiconductor memory and the volatile semiconductor memory, and a writing management unit that references the coloring information to determines a region into which the write target data is written from the nonvolatile semiconductor memory and the volatile semiconductor memory.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a communication apparatus includes an operation mode storage unit configured to store whether the communication apparatus is in a mode to operate as a radio base station or a mode to operate as a terminal, and a non-volatile memory. In a case of the radio base station, a message to be transmitted is output to the outside. In a case of the terminal, data included in a received message is stored in the non-volatile memory. In a case of operating as the radio base station, the operation mode is changed from the terminal to the radio base station when communication quality with an external first radio base station is less than a predetermined value and a message from a radio base station other than the first radio base station is not received after all the data transmitted by the first radio base station have been received.

Abstract: A digital content protection method includes distributing, together with an encrypted content, an encrypted protected program key, a protected content key, and a protected code including an individual instruction code, at least some elements of which are designed according to a unique operation code specification for each content player or for each content player group.

Abstract: A mode of a publisher or a subscriber is stored. Also, a first identifier indicating affiliation to a first group is stored. In a case of the publisher, a transmission message including ToC information, which is a list of the first identifiers and data to be transmitted, is transmitted to an outside. In a case of the subscriber, when a received message includes the first identifier, data included in the message is stored into a non-volatile memory, and when it is determined that all data in the ToC information stored in the received message are already received and that the number of publishers is less than a threshold, the stored mode is changed to the publisher.

Abstract: According to the embodiments, a communication apparatus stores therein an operation mode indicating whether the communication apparatus is a publisher or a subscriber, and includes a message processing unit that generates a transmission message and analyzes a reception message and a nonvolatile memory. When the communication apparatus is subscriber, the communication apparatus sends a repair message to request a retransmission of a data chunk not successively received. When the communication apparatus is publisher, the communication apparatus selectively retransmits the data chunk based on the repair message.