Abstract: An electron beam writing apparatus comprises: an electron beam source for projecting an electron beam; a first mask provided with a first rectangular aperture for passing the electron beam projected by the electron beam source to shape the electron beam in a primary shaped beam having a rectangular cross section; a second mask provided with a second rectangular aperture for passing the primary shaped beam to shape the primary shaped beam in a secondary shaped beam having a rectangular cross section, and triangular apertures for passing the primary shaped beam to form a secondary shaped beam having a triangular cross section; a first electron beam deflecting system for moving the primary shaped beam on the surface of the second mask; and a second electron beam deflecting system for moving the secondary shaped beam on the surface of a workpiece on which a pattern is to be written.

Abstract: A flame retarding resin composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a specific rubber-reinforced resin, 1-200 parts by weight of a phenol resin, 1-200 parts by weight of an organic phosphorus compound, 1-50 parts by weight of a nitrogen-containing compound, 0-40 parts by weight of an oligomer-type polymer containing a functional group, 0-30 parts by weight of a metal compound, a silicon compound, and/or polytetrafluoroethylene, and 0-300 parts by weight of a styrene-type resin. The composition has high impact resistance, excellent heat resistance, and a superior self-fire-extinguishing characteristic.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a crystallization apparatus for use in the crystallization of L-.alpha.-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester. The stirring blade of the crystallization apparatus is composed of a band plate member for sweeping the bottom of a vessel and rod- or band plate-members arranged thereon and extending substantially vertically and horizontally.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a double hetero junction bipolar transistor and a field-effect transistor. The base of the bipolar transistor and the gate of the field-effect transistor are connected to each other to serve as an input terminal and the collector of the bipolar transistor and the drain of the field-effect transistor are connected to each other to serve as an output terminal. The bipolar transistor and the field-effect transistor may be created on a common substrate. In this case, both the bipolar and field-effect transistors can have the same multilayer/film structures.

Abstract: The present invention provides a flame-retardant resin composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a bromine-containing copolymer composition containing 1 to 40% by weight of bromine, and comprising 0 to 30 parts by weight of a flame-retarding adjuvant and 0.5 to 30 parts by weight of a polyorganosiloxane-reinforced resin component obtained by polymerizing a vinyl monomer (d) in the presence of a polyorganosiloxane polymer. The flame-retardant resin composition of the present invention has attained a remarkably higher flame retardancy by the inclusion of a polyorganosiloxane-reinforced resin. A significant improvement in the dripping phenomenon has also been achieved. Further, this composition exhibits superior impact resistance and moldability, and a superior outer appearance in the formed products.

Abstract: In a data management system for a programming-limited type semiconductor memory which is programmable a limited number of times and which includes a plurality of storage areas, a management unit manages, for each of the storage areas, the number of times that programming has been performed. A control unit selects one of the storage areas for which programming has been performed the smallest number of times and input data is written into the selected one of the storage areas, so that all the storage areas can be equally programmed.

Abstract: A viewing angle compensator for a liquid crystal display having characteristics such as being able to diminish the visual angle dependency of the liquid crystal display is provided. The viewing angle compensator of the present invention comprises a light transmitting base and a film of a liquid crystalline polymer formed on the base, the liquid crystalline polymer taking in the state of liquid crystal a structure wherein a refractive index in the thickness direction is larger than a refractive index in any direction within the plane of the polymer and assuming a glassy state at a temperature lower than the liquid crystal transition point thereof.

Abstract: In signal transmission lines among logic circuits employed in a semiconductor integrated circuit device, a voltage driver circuit is provided with such a wiring whose length is short, and the function of the signal receiving circuit is achieved by a logic circuit capable of responding to a voltage appearing at a terminal of the wiring. On the other hand, a source terminal of such a wiring whose length is long and whose resistance is high, is voltage-driven by the voltage driver circuit in response to the output voltage of the logic circuit. A current sense circuit is provided with a terminal of this long length wiring, which senses a current flowing through this long length wiring to be converted into a voltage. Both an output resistance of the voltage driver circuit and an input resistance of the current sense circuit are made lower than a DC resistance of this long length wiring.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a freshness retentive for cut flowers, which comprises a mixture of a silver compound and a primary amine and/or a nucleic acid-related substance and/or reaction products thereof. The silver compound is silver nitrate, silver acetate or silver phosphate; the primary amine is methylamine, ethylamine, monoethanolamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, .alpha.-aminooxyacetic acid or aminoethoxyvinylglycine; and the nucleic acid-related substance is nucleic base, nucleoside, nucleotide, oligonucleotide, polynucleotide, purine derivative or pyrimidine derivative.The present freshness retentive for cut flowers demonstrates an extremely excellent effect on cut flowers highly sensitive to ethylene, e.g. carnation, Gypsophila elegans, sweet pea, etc., as well as on cut flowers low sensitive to ethylene, e.g. chrysanthemum, rose, orchid, etc., for their freshness retention.

Abstract: A head-up display system for a vehicle includes a front windshield, a display, a polarizing member and an optical rotatory film. The display for displaying an image on the front windshield to be viewed by a driver of the vehicle is disposed such that light therefrom is incident on the front windshield at an angle which is substantially equal to Brewster's angle. The polarizing member is disposed between the front windshield and the display for polarizing light from the display. The optical rotatory film serves to rotate the plane of polarization of light polarized by the polarizing member. The optical rotatory film installed on the front windshield includes a liquid crystal high polymer which is in twisted nematic orientation under liquid crystal condition and is in glassy condition at a temperature which is lower than liquid crystal transition point. Thus, double image problem can be eliminated with respect to light having a wide range of wavelengths.

Abstract: A logic processing apparatus comprises a plurality of integrated circuits, a multi-phase clock generator for distributing clock signals having different phases from one another to the respective integrated circuits, and a package, for air tight sealing the multi-phase clock generator and the plurality of integrated circuits, which has an optical signal transmissible window for transmitting the master clock signal to the multi-phase clock generator through the optical transmitting line.

Abstract: A compensator for an active matrix type liquid crystal display using a thin film transistor is provided. The compensator is made by a film of a liquid crystalline polymer which exhibits a twisted nematic orientation in a liquid crystal state and assumes a glassy state at temperatures below a liquid crystal transition point thereof, the constituent molecules of the liquid crystalline polymer film having a helical structure with a helical axis wherein the twist angle is in the range of 70 to 150 degrees, and the product .DELTA.n.multidot.d of birefringence .DELTA.n of the liquid crystalline polymer film and film thickness,d, being in the range of 0.2 to 3.0 .mu.m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a viewing angle compensator for liquid crystal displays which diminishes the view angle dependency of the liquid crystal display. More specifically, the method of making the view angle compensator involves applying a coating of an optically active polyester containing as a constituent a hydrocarbon unit selected from the group consisting of bulky aromatic units, polycyclic hydrocarbon units and ortho-substituted aromatic units, or a composition containing a liquid crystalline polyester which contains the said hydrocarbon unit as a constituent and also contains an optically active compound to a light transmitting substrate. The foregoing coating is heat-treated at a temperature higher than the glass transition point of the polyester to form a cholesteric orientation. The heat-treated coating is thereafter cooled to a temperature lower than the glass transition temperature to solidify a cholesteric structure.

Abstract: Provided is a phase plate comprising a light transmitting base, an alignment layer formed on said base, and a film formed on said alignment layer by a liquid crystalline polymer which exhibits a nematic orientation in the state of liquid crystal and assumes a glassy state at a temperature below the liquid crystal transition point of the polymer.

Abstract: Electron beam lithography for exposure of a group of elemental openings in a collective-exposure shaping diaphragm is intended to correct the positional deviation of the group of elemental openings quickly and economically.A rectangular beam is formed by rectangle openings made in a rectangle forming diaphragm and a group of elemental openings in a collective-exposure shaping diaphragm and used for irradiating a reference mark on a workpiece stand. Electrons reflected from the reference mark are detected by a reflecting electron detector to calculate errors in the configuration and position of the rectangular beam. The results of calculation are fed back to a shaping deflector and a positioning deflector to correct errors in the configuration and position of the rectangular beam, respectively.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a viewing angle compensator for a liquid crystal display capable of diminishing the viewing angle dependency of the liquid crystal display.The viewing angle compensator comprises a light transmitting substrate and a film of a specific liquid crystalline polyester, the liquid crystalline polyester taking in the state of liquid crystal a structure wherein a refractive index in the thickness direction is larger than a refractive index at least in one direction in a plane and assuming a glassy state at a temperature lower than the liquid crystal transition point of the polymer.The viewing angle dependency of the liquid crystal display can be greatly diminished and thus the viewing angle compensator of the present invention contributes to the realization of high-grade displays and higher performance of a liquid crystal display unit.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyhydroxycarboxylic acid by conducting dehydration polycondensation of hydroxycarboxylic acids in the presence or absence of a catalyst and in the presence or absence of an organic solvent, comprising using a vertical high viscosity reactor during all or a portion of the dehydration polycondensation steps and conducting hot polycondensation while separating and removing low boiling components. The process can provide high molecular weight polyhydroxycarboxylic acid with ease and cheaply in industry.

Abstract: An intra-LSI clock distribution circuit which includes a main distribution circuit, a plurality of intra-block clock distribution circuitries, feedback wires provided in association with each of blocks and each connected to one of plural block-based clock signal wires within the associated block and the intra-block distribution circuitry of the associated block for feeding back the intra-block clock signal distributed to a given one of circuit elements connected to the intra-block clock signal wires to the intra-block clock distribution circuitry of that block.

Abstract: An electronic device includes an integrated circuit device, the integrated circuit device comprises a first substrate including an integrated electronic semiconductor circuit and a second substrate including a cooling accelerator for accelerating a heat energy exchange between the integrated electronic semiconductor circuit and a cooling fluid, and the second substrate is joined fixedly with the first substrate through a covalent bond formed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A power source wiring supplies power to individual electronic circuits constituting an electronic circuit device. Load circuits are connected to the power source wiring within the range of an arrival time of a voltage noise occurring in the power source wiring in a time of about a half of a pulse width of a noise current at the time of the operation of the electronic circuit. Each of these load circuits includes a series circuit of a resistance and a capacitance.