Abstract: A method of producing a manufactured object including forming the manufactured object by performing, once or a plurality of times, a step of forming a powder layer from material powders containing powders of an inorganic compound and a step of irradiating a predetermined region of a surface of the powder layer with an energy beam and thereby fusing/solidifying the material powders. In the step of fusing/solidifying the material powders, an amorphous-rich region and a crystalline-rich region are formed separately by changing at least one of an output of the energy beam, a relative position between the surface of the powder layer and a focus of the energy beam, and a scanning rate.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, an intermediate layer, and a photosensitive layer in this order, wherein the intermediate layer comprises a tungsten oxide particle, and the tungsten oxide particle contains a tungsten atom, an oxygen atom, and a cesium atom.

Abstract: A piezoelectric material includes: an oxide containing Na, Ba, Nb, Ti, and Mn, in which the oxide has a perovskite-type structure, a total amount of metal elements other than Na, Ba, Nb, Ti, and Mn contained in the piezoelectric material is 0.5 mol % or less with respect to a total amount of Na, Ba, Nb, Ti, and Mn, a molar ratio x of Ti to a total molar amount of Nb and Ti is 0.05?x?0.12, a molar ratio y of Na to Nb is 0.93?y?0.98, a molar ratio z of Ba to Ti is 1.09?z?1.60, a molar ratio m of Mn to the total molar amount of Nb and Ti is 0.0006?m?0.0030, and 1.07?y×z?1.50 is satisfied.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a manufactured object including forming the manufactured object by performing, once or a plurality of times, a step of forming a powder layer from material powders containing powders of an inorganic compound and a step of irradiating a predetermined region of a surface of the powder layer with an energy beam and thereby fusing/solidifying the material powders. In the step of fusing/solidifying the material powders, an amorphous-rich region and a crystalline-rich region are formed separately by changing at least one of an output of the energy beam, a relative position between the surface of the powder layer and a focus of the energy beam, and a scanning rate.

Abstract: Provided are a powder for laser manufacturing which can be stably manufactured and from which a three-dimensional manufactured object ensuring a manufacturing accuracy can be obtained and a using method thereof. A powder for ceramic manufacturing for obtaining a manufactured object by repeatedly sintering or fusing and solidifying in sequence a powder in an irradiation portion with laser light, in which the powder includes a plurality of compositions, at least one composition of the compositions is an absorber that relatively strongly absorbs the laser light compared to other compositions, and at least a part of the absorber changes to a different composition that relatively weakly absorbs the laser light by irradiation with the laser light and a using method of a powder in which the powder is used.

Abstract: Provided are a powder for laser manufacturing which can be stably manufactured and from which a three-dimensional manufactured object ensuring a manufacturing accuracy can be obtained and a using method thereof. A powder for ceramic manufacturing for obtaining a manufactured object by repeatedly sintering or fusing and solidifying in sequence a powder in an irradiation portion with laser light, in which the powder includes a plurality of compositions, at least one composition of the compositions is an absorber that relatively strongly absorbs the laser light compared to other compositions, and at least a part of the absorber changes to a different composition that relatively weakly absorbs the laser light by irradiation with the laser light and a using method of a powder in which the powder is used.

Abstract: A lead-free piezoelectric material includes perovskite-type metal oxide containing Na, Nb, Ba, Ti, and Mg and indicates excellent piezoelectric properties. The piezoelectric material satisfies the following relational expression (1): 0.430?a?0.460, 0.433?b?0.479, 0.040?c?0.070, 0.0125?d?0.0650, 0.0015?e?0.0092, 0.9×3e?c?d?1.1×3e, a+b+c+d+e=1, where a, b, c, d, and e denote the relative numbers of Na, Nb, Ba, Ti, and Mg atoms, respectively.

Abstract: Provided is a lead-free piezoelectric material reduced in dielectric loss tangent, and achieving both a large piezoelectric constant and a large mechanical quality factor. A piezoelectric material according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is a piezoelectric material including a main component formed of a perovskite-type metal oxide represented by the general formula (1): Nax+s(1?y)(BiwBa1?s?w)1?yNbyTi1?yO3 (where 0.84?x?0.92, 0.84?y?0.92, 0.002?(w+s)(1?y)?0.035, and 0.9?w/s?1.1), and a Mn component, wherein the content of the Mn is 0.01 mol % or more and 1.00 mol % or less with respect to the perovskite-type metal oxide.

Abstract: Provided is a piezoelectric material which is free of lead, has small temperature dependence of a piezoelectric constant and has a satisfactory piezoelectric constant. The piezoelectric material includes: an oxide having a perovskite-type structure containing Ba, Ca, Ti, and Zr; Mn; Bi; and W, wherein a ratio of the sum of the Ba and the Ca with respect to the sum of the Ti and the Zr is 0.986 or more and 1.02 or less, and wherein, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the oxide, a content of the Mn is 0.040 part by mass or more and 0.360 part by mass or less, a content of the Bi is 0.050 part by mass or more and 0.240 part by mass or less, and a content of the W is 0.100 part by mass or more and 0.380 part by mass or less.

Abstract: A material powder for additive modeling including a nitride, and a eutectic oxide, the nitride having an average density lower than an average density of the eutectic oxide, is used to produce a structure using an additive modeling method.

Abstract: A material powder for additive modeling including a nitride, and a eutectic oxide, the nitride having an average density lower than an average density of the eutectic oxide, is used to produce a structure using an additive modeling method.

Abstract: A powder for ceramic shaping to be used for obtaining a structure by repeating the execution of a process of sequential melting and solidification by irradiation of a laser beam contains inorganic compound particles and an organic compound, the organic compound being provided on the surfaces of the inorganic compound particles, and the organic compound has an absorption band that overlaps the wavelength of the laser beam.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, an intermediate layer, and a photosensitive layer in this order, wherein the intermediate layer comprises a tungsten oxide particle, and the tungsten oxide particle contains a tungsten atom, an oxygen atom, and a cesium atom.

Abstract: Provided are a piezoelectric ceramics which does not contain lead, has small temperature dependence of a piezoelectric constant within an operating temperature range, and has high density, a high mechanical quality factor, a satisfactory piezoelectric constant, and a small surface roughness, and a method of manufacturing the piezoelectric ceramics. The method of manufacturing a piezoelectric ceramics is characterized by including: sintering a compact containing a raw material at 1,000° C. or more to obtain a sintered compact; abrading the sintered compact; and annealing the abraded sintered compact at a temperature of 800° C. or more and less than 1,000° C.

Abstract: A piezoelectric material having a large electromechanical coupling coefficient is provided. The material is manufactured by a method including the steps of: heating a piezoelectric material having a low-temperature side ferroelectric phase A and a high-temperature side ferroelectric phase B between which the phase of the piezoelectric material transitions according to a temperature change, from room temperature to a temperature range higher than T(B?A) at which temperature a change from the ferroelectric phase B to the ferroelectric phase A occurs in a temperature lowering process and lower than T(A?B) at which temperature a change from the ferroelectric phase A to the ferroelectric phase B occurs in a temperature rising process; starting application of an electric field to the piezoelectric material in a state where it is held within this temperature range; and continuing and finishing the electric field application at a temperature lower than T(A?B).

Abstract: Provided are a method of manufacturing a ceramic article in which the improvement of mechanical strength, wear resistance, and machinability is achieved using a direct modeling system, and a ceramic article. The manufacturing method includes the steps of: (i) arranging powder containing ceramics as a main component on a base; (ii) irradiating a part or an entirety of the arranged powder with an energy beam to melt and solidify the powder, to thereby obtain an intermediate modeled article; (iii) causing the modeled article to absorb a metal component-containing liquid to impregnate the modeled article therewith; and (iv) subjecting the modeled article having absorbed the metal component-containing liquid to heat treatment.

Abstract: A material powder for additive modeling including a nitride, and a eutectic oxide, the nitride having an average density lower than an average density of the eutectic oxide, is used to produce a structure using an additive modeling method.

Abstract: A material powder for additive modeling including a nitride, and a eutectic oxide, the nitride having an average density lower than an average density of the eutectic oxide, is used to produce a structure using an additive modeling method.

Abstract: A method of producing a ceramic manufactured object including (i) a step of leveling a ceramic powder to form a powder layer, (ii) a step of irradiating the powder layer with a laser beam based on three-dimensional data to crystallize an irradiated site, and (iii) performing the steps (i) and (ii) in repetition, wherein in the step (ii), a surface of the powder layer is irradiated with the laser beam in an unfocused state.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a manufactured object including forming the manufactured object by performing, once or a plurality of times, a step of forming a powder layer from material powders containing powders of an inorganic compound and a step of irradiating a predetermined region of a surface of the powder layer with an energy beam and thereby fusing/solidifying the material powders. In the step of fusing/solidifying the material powders, an amorphous-rich region and a crystalline-rich region are formed separately by changing at least one of an output of the energy beam, a relative position between the surface of the powder layer and a focus of the energy beam, and a scanning rate.