Abstract: A normalizer receives input data including first exponent data and first mantissa data and generates normalized output data. The normalizer includes a mantissa alignment circuit, a “1” search circuit, an exponent addition circuit, a normalization circuit. The mantissa alignment circuit outputs second mantissa data including a binary point shifted by one bit to the left in comparison to a binary point of the first mantissa data. The “1” search circuit searches for an uppermost bit position of a leading “1” in the second mantissa data to output shift data. The exponent addition circuit performs an addition operation on the shift data and the first exponent data and configured to perform a “+1” operation on a result of the addition operation to output addition data.

Abstract: A photomask correction method capable of increasing the photomask precision is provided. The photomask correction method comprises measuring an intensity profile of a laser, acquiring etching amount data corresponding to the measured intensity profile using a library, determining a process parameter of the laser based on the etching amount data, and correcting a photomask with the laser according to the determined process parameter.

Abstract: Power semiconductor device capable of controlling slope of current and voltage during dynamic switching disclosed. The power semiconductor device may include a semiconductor substrate and a cell array being consisted of a plurality of transistor cells on an active area, wherein each of the plurality of transistor cells may include an emitter region, a body region, a contact region and a gate region, wherein non-uniform threshold voltages may be respectively set in the plurality of transistor cells constituting the cell array, wherein a gate signal may be applied to each of the plurality of transistor cells through an input/output unit, wherein the input/output unit may include a first gate signal path configured for supplying a gate charging current to the gate regions in each of the plurality of transistor cells and a second gate signal path configured for discharging a gate discharging current from the gate region.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for treating a substrate. The apparatus for treating the substrate includes a liquid treating chamber for liquid-treating the substrate by supplying a treatment liquid to the substrate, a drying chamber for drying the substrate by supplying a process fluid to the substrate, a transfer unit for transferring the substrate between the liquid treating chamber and the drying chamber, and a rear surface cleaning unit for cleaning a rear surface of the substrate, in which the rear surface cleaning unit may clean the rear surface of the substrate while transferring the substrate from the liquid treating chamber to the drying chamber.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for treating a substrate. The method for treating a substrate comprises: treating the substrate with liquid; and drying the liquid-treated substrate, and the liquid treatment step includes: a first liquid supply step of supplying a first liquid to an upper surface of the rotating substrate; and a second liquid supply step of supplying a second liquid to an upper surface of the rotating substrate, and in the second liquid supply step, a rotation speed of the substrate is adjusted such that the second liquid supplied on the substrate flows from a central region of the substrate to an edge region of the substrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a binder for a solid-state battery and a manufacturing method thereof. The binder may include a polymer comprising a carbonyl group and a linker comprising amino groups at both ends.

Abstract: Provided are a substrate treating apparatus and a substrate treating method. The substrate treating apparatus includes: a chamber for providing a processing space; a substrate support unit provided in the processing space to support a substrate and rotate the substrate; a liquid supply unit including a chemical liquid discharge nozzle that discharges a chemical liquid to the substrate supported by the substrate support unit; and a microwave applying member for emitting microwaves to the substrate.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a vehicle heating device for heating a vehicle interior through heat radiation or heat convection using a heating unit connected to an air-conditioning casing. Accordingly, the vehicle heating device may improve the performance, efficiency, and quality in heating the vehicle interior through at least any one of heat convection and heat radiation using the heating unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solar cell having an edge collecting electrode and a solar cell module comprising the same, the solar cell being capable of preventing a cell crack phenomenon caused by an interconnector and improving an adhesive characteristic of the interconnector by dividing a planar area of the solar cell into a main area and an edge area and positioning the outermost contact point of the interconnector at a boundary between the main area and the edge area, and being capable of improving carrier collecting efficiency by arranging, in the edge area, the edge collecting electrode and the branched electrode which are physically separated from the interconnector.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, a mobile infant care device includes a carrier having an inner space configured to hold an infant positioned therein, and driving wheels provided at a lower part of the carrier; a monitoring system affixed to the carrier and configured to monitor a state of the infant positioned in the inner space of the carrier; a driving system coupled to the driving wheels, the driving system configured to move a position of the carrier by driving the driving wheels; a communication system configured to wirelessly transmit a monitoring result of the monitoring system to a user terminal device or to wirelessly receive an operation input from the user terminal device; and a controller configured to cause the driving system to move the carrier based on the monitoring result of the monitoring system or the operation input received through the communication system.

Abstract: Proposed is a federated learning system. The federated learning system may comprise: a central server configured to transmit a first parameter of an extractor in a federated learning model including the extractor and a classifier to each of a plurality of client devices, and receive a plurality of first parameters learned from the plurality of client devices to update the federated learning model; and the plurality of client devices configured to train each of the plurality of the first parameters of the federated learning model using a training data set stored in each of the plurality of client devices while maintaining a value of a second parameter value of the classifier in the federated learning model, and to transmit each of the plurality of the trained first parameters to the central server.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an improvement to razor blade coating by a physical vapor deposition method, by forming a hard coating layer as a thin coating layer in which chromium boride, which is a nanocrystalline structure having high hardness, is dispersed in an amorphous mixture of chromium and boron, thereby improving the strength and hardness of the thin coating layer and securing the bonding force by chromium in the amorphous mixture between the hard coating layer and a blade substrate on which an edge of the razor blade is formed.

Abstract: Provided herein are an all-solid-state battery having an intermediate layer including a metal and a metal nitride, and a method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: An operation method of a first communication node may comprise: receiving one or more polarized radio signals transmitted from a second communication node included in the communication system through one or more receive polarized antennas included in the first communication node; performing a receive polarized antenna alignment state adjustment operation so that a detection result for a magnitude of an electric field excited by the one or more polarized radio signals is maximized; and receiving a first polarized signal transmitted from the second communication node through at least part of the one or more receive polarized antennas based on a result of the receive polarized antenna alignment state adjustment operation.

Abstract: The inventive concept provides a substrate treating apparatus. The substrate treating apparatus includes a housing for providing a treating space for treating a substrate within; a support unit for supporting the substrate in the treating space; a bottom supply port for supplying a process fluid to the treating space; and a filler member positioned below the substrate supported on the support unit in the treating space, and wherein the filler member forms a buffer space facing the bottom supply port, and a passage is formed between the filler member and an inner wall of the housing and flows the process fluid which is introduced to the buffer space in a direction of the substrate.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for treating a substrate including: a processing vessel having a processing space; a support unit for supporting the substrate in the processing space and rotating the substrate; a liquid supply unit for supplying a processing liquid to the substrate; and a heating unit for heating the substrate, wherein the support unit includes: a spin chuck; a driver for rotating the spin chuck; a chuck pin installed on the spin chuck to be rotated together with the spin chuck; and a chuck pin moving unit for moving the chuck pin between a contact position wherein the chuck pin is in contact with a side portion of the substrate and an open position wherein the chuck pin is spaced apart from the side portion of the substrate.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for treating a substrate including: a processing vessel having a processing space; a support unit for supporting the substrate in the processing space and rotating the substrate; a liquid supply unit for supplying a processing liquid to the substrate; and a heating unit for heating the substrate, wherein the support unit includes: a spin chuck; a rotation driver for rotating the spin chuck; a chuck pin installed on the spin chuck to be rotated together with the spin chuck; a chuck pin moving unit for moving the chuck pin between a contact position wherein the chuck pin is in contact with a side portion of the substrate and an open position at which the chuck pin is spaced apart from the side portion of the substrate, and the chuck pin moving unit moves the chuck pin while the substrate is being rotated by the spin chuck.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for treating a substrate including: a processing vessel having a processing space; a support unit for supporting the substrate in the processing space and rotating the substrate; a liquid supply unit for supplying a processing liquid to the substrate; and a heating unit for heating the substrate, wherein the support unit includes: a spin chuck; a rotation driver for rotating the spin chuck; a chuck pin installed on the spin chuck to be rotated with the spin chuck; a chuck pin moving unit for moving the chuck pin between a contact position wherein the chuck pin is in contact with a side portion of the substrate and an open position at which the chuck pin is spaced apart from the side portion of the substrate, and the chuck pin moving unit moves the chuck pin while the substrate is rotated by the spin chuck.

Abstract: Provided are an electric vehicle transmission including an improved one-way clutch. An electric vehicle transmission includes a sun gear unit connected to a transmission motor, a plurality of planetary gear units connected to the sun gear unit, and a ring gear unit connected to the planetary gear units, and further includes a cage unit arranged to surround the plurality of planetary gear units at an inner side thereof, a housing unit arranged at an outer side of the cage unit and having a hollow therein, at least one guide unit arranged between the cage unit and the housing unit, and an adjustment unit configured to adjust a position of the cage unit with respect to the housing unit.

Abstract: Disclosed are a hybrid structure using a graphene-carbon nanotube and a perovskite solar cell using the same. The hybrid structure includes a graphene-carbon nanotube formed by laminating a second graphene coated with a polymer on an upper surface of a first graphene coated with a carbon nanotube. The perovskite solar cell includes: a substrate; a first electrode formed on the substrate and including a fluorine doped thin oxide (FTO); an electron transfer layer formed on the first electrode and including a compact-titanium oxide (c-TiO2); a mesoporous-titanium oxide (m-TiO2) formed on the electron transfer layer; a perovskite layer formed on the m-TiO2 and including a perovskite compound; and a graphene-carbon nanotube hybrid structure formed on the perovskite layer.