Abstract: A memory module includes a front side interface configured to serial-to-parallel convert a command, an address, and data, based on a host clock, and transfer the converted command, address, and data; a processing block configured to operate in synchronization with a division clock, process the command, address, and data transferred from the front side interface, and transfer the processed command, address, and data; a back side interface configured to include a PLL for generating a media clock having a frequency different from the host clock, to parallel-to-serial convert the command, address, and data transferred from the processing block, based on the media clock, and to transfer the converted command, address, and data; and memory devices configured to operate in synchronization with the media clock, and to write the data transferred from the back side interface therein in response to the command and address transferred from the back side interface.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a spacer structure that is configured to be disposed between a pair of electrodes in a capacitive deionization apparatus so as to provide a space for flowing a fluid therethrough. The spacer structure includes a copolymer prepared by copolymerizing a mixture of a polyurethane backbone including a carboxyl group or a sulfonic acid group, an ion conductive monomer including a carboxyl group and a cation exchange group, and a second polymer including a functional group that reacts with the carboxyl group or sulfonic acid group and forms a cross-linking bond with the polyurethane backbone.

Abstract: A portable communication device, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, may include: a battery pack; a power dissipation element disposed outside the battery pack; a detecting circuit configured to detect the state of the battery pack; and at least one of first switches that are connected to the battery pack and the detecting circuit, wherein the detecting circuit is configured to control at least one of the first switches to: electrically disconnect the power dissipation element from the battery pack when the state of the battery pack does not satisfy a specified condition; and electrically connect the power dissipation element to the battery pack when the state of the battery pack satisfies the specified condition.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a lighting control switch using magnetic sensing and touch sensing and a method using the lighting control switch. The lighting control switch includes a magnetic sensing module for generating a magnetic sensing signal by sensing a magnetic signal that is generated in order to control a lighting device, a touch-sensing module for generating a touch-sensing signal by sensing a touch signal that is generated in order to control the lighting device, and a control unit for receiving the magnetic signal and the touch signal based on logic control in response to generation of at least one of the magnetic sensing signal and the touch-sensing signal and controlling the lighting device by generating a control signal in consideration of the magnetic signal and the touch signal.

Abstract: A maskless exposure device includes a stage on which a substrate is disposed, an optical head, and an optical source part. The optical head irradiates light to the substrate. The light source part provides the optical head with a light. The optical head irradiates the light, according to an average-focus distance, to the substrate. The average-focus distance is determined by averaging best-focus distances for a plurality of regions of the substrate, respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for visible light communication using electrically switchable glass. The apparatus for visible light communication using the electrically switchable glass includes a reception unit for receiving a data signal, a control unit for generating current and voltage corresponding to the data signal and controlling the transmittance of the electrically switchable glass based on the current and the voltage, and a transmission unit for adjusting the brightness of visible light that passes through the glass based on the transmittance and performing visible light communication using the visible light that has passed through the glass.

Abstract: A semiconductor system may be provided. The semiconductor system may include a fail information generator and a data mapping circuit. The fail information generator may detect a data fail address of a data storage region. The data mapping circuit may change a mapping table based on the data fail address, and transmit data to be stored at the data fail address in the data storage region, to a parity storage region.

Abstract: A method of operating a memory controller includes allocating a new entry whenever a write command is input from a host; and transferring data corresponding to an entry in a specific state among a plurality of states to the host in response to a read command output from the host, wherein the plurality of states are a FREE state, a WRITE state, a WRITE OLD state, a READ state, a PEND state, a PEND OLD state, a CACHE state, and a DEL state, and the specific state is at least one of the PEND state, the PEND OLD state, or the CACHE state.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for testing a luminaire based on USB. The apparatus for testing a luminaire based on USB includes a power measurement unit for measuring power consumption by measuring power input from a host system to a luminaire based on USB; a message interpretation unit for generating a result of interpretation of a message based on a USB-based control message sent and received between the host system and the luminaire; an illuminance reception unit for receiving a result of measurement of illuminance of the luminaire, measured by a light reception device; and an information generation unit for generating test result information based on a result of the measurement of the power consumption, the result of the interpretation of the message, and the result of the measurement of the illuminance.

Abstract: Disclosed are a composition for an electrode binder of a capacitive deionization apparatus including at least one a hydrophilic polymer and a bifunctional cross-linking agent having a hydroxy group or a carboxyl group at both terminal ends, and at least one anion exchange group therein, and the bifunctional cross-linking agent being cross-linkable with the at least one hydrophilic polymer, an electrode for a capacitive deionization apparatus including the composition, a capacitive deionization apparatus including the electrode, and a method of removing ions from a liquid by using the capacitive deionization apparatus.

Abstract: A capacitive deionization electrode may include a conductive material and a polymer on a surface of the conductive material. The polymer may have at least one functional group in a single polymer chain.

Abstract: A maskless exposure device includes an exposure head including a digital micro-mirror device and an exposure source, the digital micro-mirror device being configured to reflect a source beam outputted from the exposure source to a substrate and a system controller configured to control the digital micro-mirror device by using a graphic data system file. The graphic data system file includes data regarding patterns to be formed on the substrate. A pattern extending in a direction parallel to a scan direction of the exposure head includes a first pattern portion having a first width that is greater than a target width and a second pattern portion alternately disposed with the first pattern portion and having a second width that is less than the target width.

Abstract: A photoresist composition including 5 wt % to 10 wt % of a binder resin, 5 wt % to 10 wt % of a photopolymerization monomer, 1 wt % to 5 wt % of a photopolymerization initiator comprising an oxime ester-based compound and activated by light in a wavelength range of 400 nm to 410 nm, 5 wt % to 10 wt % of a black coloring agent, and a residual amount of a solvent.

Abstract: A method of using an address book of an image forming apparatus on a web browser includes receiving web data in an image forming apparatus from a web server; displaying a web page corresponding to the received web data on a display unit of the image forming apparatus; receiving an input of selecting one of at least one input box comprised in the web page; analyzing a form tag corresponding to the selected input box from the web data; and displaying a virtual text input device or an address list on the display unit based on the analysis result in which the selected input box is determined as an input box for receiving an input of an email address or a phone number, wherein the virtual keyboard is capable of being synchronized with an address book of the image forming apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed are a high speed wide range RFID tag capable of improving a data transmission speed and a recognition distance between an RFID tag and an RFID reader by controlling a reflected power as multi levels through adjustment of a reflection coefficient in the RFID tag, and a method of controlling the same. The RFID tag includes a data converting unit configured to convert stored RFID serial tag data into a number of multi-level parallel data according to a request of an RFID reader, a reflection coefficient adjusting unit configured to generate a plurality of reflection coefficients corresponding to a number of the converted parallel data, and a transmitting unit configured to transmit a number of the multi-level parallel data according to the generated plurality of tag reflection coefficients through an antenna to the RFID reader.

Abstract: A maskless exposure device includes an exposure head including a digital micro-mirror device, the digital micro-mirror device being configured to scan an exposure beam to a substrate by reflecting a source beam from an exposure source; and a system control part configured to control the digital micro-mirror device by utilizing a graphic data system file. The graphic data system file includes data for a source electrode, a drain electrode and a channel portion between the source electrode and the drain electrode in a plan view. The channel portion includes a first portion extending in a direction perpendicular to a scan direction of the exposure head. A width of the first portion of the channel portion is defined to be a multiple of a pulse event generation of the exposure beam.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a communication circuit that wirelessly transmits and receives power to and from an external electronic device, a sensor circuit that collects a sensor signal associated with a state of the electronic device, and a processor that determines an arrangement relationship with the external electronic device through the sensor circuit, and based on the determined arrangement relationship, receives a first notification signal, which provides notification that an event occurs in the external electronic device or transmits a second notification signal, which provides notification that an event occurs in the electronic device.

Abstract: A metal suboxide having a specific surface area of greater than or equal to about 1.5 m2/g is prepared by preparing a metal suboxide precursor, and heat-treating the metal suboxide precursor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for visible light communication using electrically switchable glass. The apparatus for visible light communication using the electrically switchable glass includes a reception unit for receiving a data signal, a control unit for generating current and voltage corresponding to the data signal and controlling the transmittance of the electrically switchable glass based on the current and the voltage, and a transmission unit for adjusting the brightness of visible light that passes through the glass based on the transmittance and performing visible light communication using the visible light that has passed through the glass.

Abstract: Provided is a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag having a plurality of antennas. The RFID tag includes: a plurality of antennas each configured to backscatter received Radio Frequency (RF) signals; a digital and memory circuitry, which once the RF signals are received through the plurality of antennas, is configured to generate a series of programmed encoding signals based on identification information to be transmitted, and to output the generated signals; and a modulator configured to vary power of an uplink signal backscattered through the plurality of antennas based on the encoding signals input from the digital and memory circuitry, in which the modulator operates such that the power of the uplink signal backscattered through each of the plurality of antennas is equal regardless of types of the encoding signals.