Abstract: A security chip and an application processor may be included in a device configured to engage in encrypted communications with an external client, including public key infrastructure communications, in an environment where a certificate authority is absent. The security chip may provide the application processor with a device public key from among a pair of device keys related to public key infrastructure communications, receive a request from the application processor to generate a digital signature on a certificate form including the device public key, provide the application processor with a digital signature generated based on an encryption operation using a certificate authority private key, and receive and store a certificate including the digital signature from the application processor.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes a signal transmitting part and a ground part disposed having an insulating layer therebetween. The ground part includes an impedance adjusting part.

Abstract: Provided are a user authentication method and an electronic device performing the method. The method is performed under the control of a processor and includes inputting a user authentication request for identifying a user, generating random number data that corresponds to knowledge-based authentication information in the user authentication request, generating an authentication code by combining biometrics-based authentication information in the user authentication request and the random number data, and processing the user authentication request based on the authentication code.

Abstract: A package substrate, a package, a package on package, and a manufacturing method of a package substrate. A package substrate according to one exemplary embodiment includes: an insulating layer; a circuit layer formed on the insulating layer; and a capacitor including a lower electrode, an upper electrode, and a dielectric layer formed between the lower electrode and the upper electrode, the lower electrode and the dielectric layer being buried in the insulating layer and the upper electrode being formed on an upper portion of the insulating layer.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes a signal transmitting part and a ground part disposed having an insulating layer therebetween. The ground part includes an impedance adjusting part.

Abstract: An electromagnetic bandgap structure and a printed circuit board that solve a mixed signal problem are disclosed. In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, the electromagnetic bandgap structure includes a first metal layer; a first dielectric layer, stacked in the first metal layer; a second metal layer, stacked in the first dielectric layer, and having a holed formed at a position of the second dielectric layer; a second dielectric layer, stacked in the second metal layer; a metal plate, stacked in the second dielectric layer; a first via, penetrating the hole formed in the second metal layer and connecting the first metal layer and the metal plate; a third dielectric layer, stacked in the metal plate and the second dielectric layer; a third metal layer, stacked in the third dielectric layer; and a second via, connecting the second metal layer to the third metal layer.

Abstract: An EMI noise shield board, in which an EBG structure is inserted, includes a first board portion and a second board portion. The first board portion has an upper surface, on which an electronic part is disposed, and a circuit for transferring a signal and power to the electronic part. The second board portion is located on a lower surface of the first board portion. The electromagnetic bandgap structure is inserted into the second board portion, and has a band stop frequency property such that an EMI noise transferred from the first board portion is shielded from being radiated to the outside of the EMI noise shield board.

Abstract: An electromagnetic bandgap structure including: at least three conductive plates; a first stitching via, configured to electrically connect any one of the conductive plates to another conductive plate; and a second stitching via, configured to electrically connect the one conductive plate to yet another conductive plate, wherein the first stitching via electrically connects the one conductive plate to another conductive plate by allowing a part of the first stitching via to be connected through a planar surface above or below the one conductive plate, and the second stitching via electrically connects the one conductive plate to yet another conductive plate by allowing a part of the second stitching via to be connected through a planar surface that is different from the planar surface through which the part of the first stitching via is connected, the two planar surfaces being placed in a same direction based on the conductive plates.

Abstract: An electromagnetic bandgap structure, including: a first metal layer; a first dielectric layer, stacked in the first metal layer; a metal plate, stacked in the first dielectric layer; a via, having one end part which is connected to the first metal layer; a second dielectric layer, stacked in the metal plate and the first dielectric layer; and a second metal layer, stacked in the second dielectric layer, whereas the other end part of the via is connected to a via land which is placed in a hole formed in the metal plate, and the via land is connected to the metal plate through a metal line.

Abstract: According to the present invention, the board can include a dielectric layer; a plurality of conductive plates; and a stitching via, to electrically connect two of the conductive plates to each other. Here, the stitching via can include a first via and a second via, respectively, passing through the dielectric layer and having one end part being placed on a same planar surface as each of the two conductive plates; a connection pattern, having each end part being connected to the other end part of the first via and the second via, respectively; and a first extension pattern, placed on the same planar surface as one of the conductive plates and having one end part being connected to the one end part of the first via and the end part being connected to one of the conductive plates.

Abstract: Disclosed is a printed circuit board into which an electromagnetic bandgap structure for blocking a noise is inserted. The electromagnetic bandgap structure can include a first conductive plate, a second conductive plate arranged on a planar surface that is different from that of the first conductive plate, a third conductive plate arranged on a planar surface that is different from that of the second conductive plate, a connection pattern arranged on a planar surface that is different from that of the second conductive plate, a first stitching via unit configured to connect the first conductive plate to one end of the connection pattern through the planar surface where the second conductive plate is arranged, and a second stitching via unit configured to connect the third conductive plate to the other end of the connection pattern through the planar surface where the second conductive plate is arranged.

Abstract: A printed circuit board having an embedded chip capacitor includes a first conductive layer; a second conductive layer, placed away from the first conductive layer; a chip capacitor, having a first electrode connected to the first conductive layer through being seated in a cavity formed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer; a filled material, filled in a space excluding a space occupied by the chip capacitor in the cavity; and a via, penetrating the filled material and connecting the second conductive layer to the second electrode of the chip capacitor.

Abstract: An electromagnetic bandgap structure including: at least three conductive plates; a first stitching via, configured to electrically connect any one of the conductive plates to another conductive plate; and a second stitching via, configured to electrically connect the one conductive plate to yet another conductive plate, wherein the first stitching via electrically connects the one conductive plate to another conductive plate by allowing a part of the first stitching via to be connected through a planar surface above or below the one conductive plate, and the second stitching via electrically connects the one conductive plate to yet another conductive plate by allowing a part of the second stitching via to be connected through a planar surface that is different from the planar surface through which the part of the first stitching via is connected, the two planar surfaces being placed in a same direction based on the conductive plates.

Abstract: Provided is a flow cytometry method including adjusting cell populations targeted by antibodies conjugated with a same-color fluorochrome to show different fluorescence intensities according to types of the antibodies. Unlike a conventional flow cytometry method capable of classifying a positive and negative of one target using one antibody per color, the flow cytometry method adjusts several types of antibodies conjugated with a single-color fluorochrome to respectively show different fluorescence intensities, or adjusts the amounts of antibodies conjugated with a fluorochrome differently according to types of the antibodies, thereby classifying a positive and negative of multiple targets using one color. Accordingly, even when a current flow cytometer capable of classifying a limited number of colors is used, it is possible to classify a variety of cell populations to be clinically examined.

Abstract: As a multi-layered board, an EMI noise reduction board, having an electromagnetic bandgap structure with band stop frequency properties inserted into an inner portion of the board, includes a first area, in which a ground layer and a power layer are formed, and a second area, placed on a side surface of the first area, in which it has the electromagnetic bandgap structure formed therein so as to shield an EMI noise radiated to the outside through the side surface of the first area. The electromagnetic bandgap structure includes a plurality of first conductive plates, placed along the edge of the board, a plurality of second conductive plates, disposed on a planar surface that is different from the first conductive plates such that the second conductive plates are alternately disposed with the first conductive plates, and a via, which connects the first conductive plates to the second conductive plates.

Abstract: Disclosed is a printed circuit board including an electromagnetic bandgap structure. The electromagnetic bandgap structure for blocking a noise is inserted into the printed circuit board. The electromagnetic bandgap structure can include a first conductive plate; a second conductive plate arranged on a planar surface that is different from that of the first conductive plate; a third conductive plate arranged on a planar surface that is different from that of the second conductive plate; and a stitching via unit configured to connect the first conductive plate and the third conductive plate by bypassing the planar surface on which the second conductive plate is arranged and including a first inductor element.

Abstract: Disclosed is a printed circuit board into which an electromagnetic bandgap structure for blocking a noise is inserted. The electromagnetic bandgap structure can include a first conductor and a second conductor arranged on different planar surfaces, a third conductor arranged on a same planar surface that is different from a planar surface where the second conductor is arranged, and a first stitching via unit configured to connect the first conductor to the third connector through the planar surface where the second conductor is arranged and being electrically separated from the second conductor. The first conductor can include a first plate, a second plate spaced from the first plate, and a second stitching unit configured to electrically connect the first plate to the second plate through a planar surface that is different from a planar surface where the first plate and the second plate are arranged.

Abstract: An EMI noise reduction board is disclosed. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise reduction board having an electromagnetic bandgap structure for shielding a noise includes: a first area having a ground layer and a power layer; a second area placed in a side portion of the first area having an electromagnetic bandgap structure therein. The electromagnetic bandgap structure includes: a plurality of first conductive plates and a plurality of second conductive plates placed on a same planar surface along the side portion of the first area; and a stitching via configured to electrically connect the first conductive plate to the second conductive plate through a planar surface that is different from the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate.

Abstract: An electromagnetic bandgap structure and a printed circuit board that solve a mixed signal problem are disclosed. In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, the electromagnetic bandgap structure includes a first metal layer; a first dielectric layer, stacked in the first metal layer; a second metal layer, stacked in the first dielectric layer, and having a holed formed at a position of the second dielectric layer; a second dielectric layer, stacked in the second metal layer; a metal plate, stacked in the second dielectric layer; a first via, penetrating the hole formed in the second metal layer and connecting the first metal layer and the metal plate; a third dielectric layer, stacked in the metal plate and the second dielectric layer; a third metal layer, stacked in the third dielectric layer; and a second via, connecting the second metal layer to the third metal layer.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, an electromagnetic bandgap structure can include: at least three conductive plates; a first stitching via, configured to electrically connect any one of the conductive plates to another conductive plate; and a second stitching via, configured to electrically connect the one conductive plate to yet another conductive plate. In the electromagnetic bandgap structure of the present invention, the first stitching via can electrically connect the one conductive plate to another conductive plate by allowing a part of the first stitching via to be connected through a planar surface above the one conductive plate, and the second stitching via can electrically connect the one conductive plate to yet another conductive plate by allowing a part of the second stitching via to be connected through a planar surface below the one conductive plate.