Abstract: A method for controlling intake and exhaust valves of an engine includes: controlling, by an intake continuous variable valve timing (CVVT) device, opening and closing timings of the intake valve; controlling, by an exhaust CVVT device, opening and closing timing of the exhaust valve; determining, by a controller, a target opening duration of the intake valve and target opening or target closing timings of the intake valve based on an engine load and an engine speed; modifying, by an intake continuous variable valve duration (CVVD) device, current opening and closing timings of the intake valve based on the target opening duration; and advancing or retarding, by the intake CVVD device, the current opening timing of the intake valve while simultaneously retarding or advancing the current closing timing of the intake valve by a predetermined value based on the target opening duration of the intake valve.

Abstract: A method for controlling intake and exhaust valves of an engine may include: determining, by a controller, a target opening duration of the intake and exhaust valves based on an engine load and an engine speed; modifying, by an intake continuous variable valve duration (CVVD) device and by an exhaust CVVD device, current opening and closing timings of the intake valve and/or exhaust valve based on the target opening duration of the valves; and advancing or retarding, by the intake and/or exhaust CVVD devices, the current opening timing of the intake and exhaust valves while simultaneously retarding or advancing the current closing timing of the intake and exhaust valve by a predetermined value based on the target opening duration.

Abstract: A wireless communication with modulation and demodulation set based on channel information is disclosed. An operating method of a first wireless communication device includes: transmitting a pilot signal via a wireless channel to a second wireless communication device; receiving channel state information, estimated by and transmitted from the second wireless communication device in response to the pilot signal, the channel state information including amplitude information and phase information of a wireless channel; setting a modulation method for data transmission based on the amplitude information and the phase information of the wireless channel; generating modulated data based on the modulation method; and transmitting the modulated data via the wireless channel.

Abstract: A display driver integrated circuit (DDI) includes a level shifter unit configured to convert a level of a control signal to a voltage in a range that equal to or greater than a first voltage and is equal to or less than a second voltage and output a switch control signal, and a voltage generator including a capacitor and a switch that is turned on or off based on or in response to the switch control signal and configured to generate at least one third voltage.

Abstract: A continuous variable valve duration apparatus may include a camshaft, a cam unit on which a cam is formed, of which the camshaft is inserted thereto and of which a relative phase angle with respect to the camshaft is variable, an inner bracket transmitting rotation of the camshaft to the cam unit, a wheel housing in which the inner bracket is rotatably inserted, on which a guide groove parallel to the camshaft is formed, and on which a guide hole vertical to the camshaft is formed, a guide portion including a guide shaft inserted into the guide hole for guiding movement of the wheel housing and a control portion including a control shaft disposed parallel to the camshaft and inserted into the guide groove, and the control portion selectively rotating the control shaft for the relative position of the wheel housing with respect to the camshaft to be changed.

Abstract: Disclosed in various examples of the present application is an electronic device comprising: first and second conductive patterns electrically connected to a communication circuit; a conductive material electrically connected between the first and second conductive patterns; a third conductive pattern spaced apart in a first direction from the first and/or second conductive patterns; and a fourth conductive pattern spaced apart in a second direction opposite to the first direction from the first and/or second conductive patterns, wherein each of the first and second conductive patterns comprises a first part of a first width and a second part of a second width wider than the first width, and the conductive material is arranged on at least a portion of the second part of the first conductive pattern and the second part of the second conductive pattern.

Abstract: A continuously variable valve duration apparatus may include: a camshaft; a cam unit on which a cam is formed, and the camshaft inserted to the cam; an inner wheel for transmitting rotation of the camshaft to the cam unit; a wheel housing into which the inner wheel is rotatably inserted and movable perpendicular to the camshaft; a guide shaft on which a guide screw thread is formed and disposed perpendicular to the camshaft; a worm wheel formed with an inner screw thread for engaging with the guide screw thread, and the worm wheel disposed within the wheel housing; and a control shaft on which a control worm for engaging with the worm wheel is formed.

Abstract: A thin film transistor (TFT) substrate includes a TFT on the substrate. The TFT includes an active patterned layer which is made of a polycrystalline silicon, which includes a channel portion, a source portion and a drain portion, and in which protrusions are formed at boundaries between grains and recess spaces are formed between the protrusions. A barrier pattern film fills the recess spaces and forms a flat surface with the protrusions. A gate electrode is on a gate insulating layer located on the barrier pattern film and the protrusions and overlays or corresponds to the channel portion. A source electrode and a drain electrode are on the gate electrode and respectively contact the source portion and the drain portion.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical sensor includes forming a reflective metal layer on a substrate, forming an insulator layer on the reflective metal layer, inducing self-assembly of a metal nanostructure layer on the insulator layer, and selectively etching the insulator layer through a reactive ion etching process to form a plurality of pillars and a plurality of spaces defined by the plurality of pillars. The method for manufacturing a plasmonic optical sensor according to this embodiment facilitates the formation of nanostructures difficult to pattern and form on the large scale at a low cost, and provides a plasmonic optical sensor with repeatability.

Abstract: The method for controlling valve timing for a turbo engine includes: classifying control regions depending on an engine speed and an engine load; applying a maximum duration to an intake valve and applying a long duration to an exhaust valve in a first control region; applying the maximum duration to the intake and applying the long duration to the exhaust valve in a second control region; applying the long duration to the exhaust valve and advancing an intake valve closing (IVC) timing in the third control region; applying a short duration to the exhaust valve and controlling the IVC timing in the fourth control region; controlling a wide open throttle valve (WOT) and applying the short duration to the exhaust valve in the fifth control region; controlling a WOT and controlling the IVC timing by applying the long duration to the exhaust valve in the sixth control region.

Abstract: A method for controlling intake and exhaust valves of an engine includes: controlling, by an intake continuous variable valve timing (CVVT) device and an exhaust CVVT device, opening and closing timings of the intake valve and exhaust valves; determining, by a controller, a target opening duration of the intake and exhaust valves based on an engine load and an engine speed; modifying, by an intake continuous variable valve duration (CVVD) device and by an exhaust CVVD device, current opening and closing timings of the intake valve and/or exhaust valve based on the target opening duration; and advancing or retarding, by the intake and/or exhaust CVVD devices, the current opening timing of the intake and exhaust valves while simultaneously retarding or advancing the current closing timing of the intake and exhaust valve by a predetermined value based on the target opening duration.

Abstract: A method for controlling intake and exhaust valves of an engine may include: determining, by a controller, a target opening duration of the intake and exhaust valves according to a control region determined based on an engine load and an engine speed; modifying, by an intake continuous variable valve duration (CVVD) device and by an exhaust CVVD device, opening and closing timings of the intake valve and exhaust valve based on the target opening duration of the valves; and advancing or retarding, by the intake and/or exhaust CVVD devices, the opening timing of the intake and exhaust valves while simultaneously retarding or advancing the closing timing of the intake and exhaust valve by a predetermined value based on the target opening durations. In particular, the controller classifies five control regions based on the engine load and speed.

Abstract: A method for controlling intake and exhaust valves of an engine includes: controlling, by an intake continuous variable valve timing (CVVT) device, opening and closing timings of the intake valve; controlling, by an exhaust CVVT device, opening and closing timing of the exhaust valve; determining, by a controller, first to fifth control regions based on engine load and speeds, and a target opening duration of the intake valve and target opening or target closing timings of the intake valve; modifying, by an intake continuous variable valve duration (CVVD) device, current opening and closing timings of the intake valve based on the target opening duration; and advancing or retarding, by the intake CVVD device, the current opening timing of the intake valve while simultaneously retarding or advancing the current closing timing of the intake valve by a predetermined value based on the target opening duration of the intake valve.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for testing an angle of view of a camera. The present invention may comprise: a first light source which is arranged to face an image sensor, and has a first width and a second width longer than the first width; and a second light source and a third light source which are disposed on both sides of the image sensor in the direction of the first width, respectively. The present invention can inhibit an interference of the light source or a bracket supporting the light source by reducing the number of light sources. In addition, since it is possible to measure the angle of view of a camera by reducing the light sources, the present invention can reduce the manufacturing costs of a device for testing an angle of view of a camera.

Abstract: A method for controlling intake and exhaust valves of an engine includes: Controlling opening and closing timings of the intake and exhaust valves by an intake continuous variable valve timing (CVVT) device and an exhaust CVVT devices; determining, by a controller, target intake and exhaust opening durations of the intake and exhaust valves, and target opening and closing timings of the valves based on an engine load and an engine speed; modifying current intake and exhaust opening durations based on the target opening durations via an intake continuous variable valve duration (CVVD) device and an exhaust CVVD device; adjusting opening or closing timings of the valves to the target opening or closing timings of the valves while maintaining the modified opening durations of the valves.

Abstract: A method for controlling intake and exhaust valves of an engine includes: Controlling opening and closing timings of the intake and exhaust valves by an intake continuous variable valve timing (CVVT) device and an exhaust CVVT devices; determining, by a controller, target intake and exhaust opening durations of the intake and exhaust valves, and target opening and closing timings of the valves based on an engine load and an engine speed; modifying current intake and exhaust opening durations based on the target opening durations via an intake continuous variable valve duration (CVVD) device and an exhaust CVVD device; adjusting opening or closing timings of the valves to the target opening or closing timings of the valves while maintaining the modified opening durations of the valves.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for testing an angle of view of a camera. The present invention may comprise: a first light source which is arranged to face an image sensor, and has a first width and a second width longer than the first width; and a second light source and a third light source which are disposed on both sides of the image sensor in the direction of the first width, respectively. The present invention can inhibit an interference of the light source or a bracket supporting the light source by reducing the number of light sources. In addition, since it is possible to measure the angle of view of a camera by reducing the light sources, the present invention can reduce the manufacturing costs of a device for testing an angle of view of a camera.

Abstract: An electronic device and method for transmitting data using Bluetooth communication technology are provided. The electronic device includes a memory, a communication circuit configured to communicate with an external device based on a protocol, and a processor configured to generate second data by encoding first data based on an encoding parameter, to store the second data in the memory, to transmit the second data to the external device through the communication circuit, and to change the encoding parameter based on a remaining storage space of the memory.

Abstract: A method for controlling valve timing for an engine includes: classifying a plurality of control regions depending on an engine speed and an engine load; applying a maximum duration to an intake valve and controlling an exhaust valve to limit a valve overlap in a first region; controlling the intake valve and the exhaust valve to maintain the maximum duration in a second region; advancing an intake valve closing (IVC) timing and an exhaust valve closing (EVC) timing in a third region; approaching the IVC timing to a bottom dead center (BDC) in a fourth region; controlling a throttle valve to be fully opened, advancing an intake valve opening (IVO) timing before a top dead center (TDC), and controlling the IVC timing to be a predetermined value after the BDC in a fifth region; and controlling the throttle valve to be fully opened and advancing the IVC timing in a sixth region.

Abstract: A continuous variable valve duration apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a camshaft and a cam unit on which a cam is formed. The camshaft is inserted into the cam unit. An inner wheel transmits rotation of the camshaft to the cam unit. The inner wheel is rotatably inserted in a wheel housing a housing hinge aperture parallel to the camshaft is formed on the wheel housing. A slider hinge aperture and a slider control aperture parallel to the camshaft are formed through a slider. A hinge shaft is inserted into the housing hinge aperture and the slider hinge aperture. An eccentric cam is formed on a control shaft and is inserted into the slider control aperture. A controller selectively rotates the control shaft to move the wheel housing perpendicular to the camshaft via the slider.