Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing polycrystalline silicon thin-film solar cell by a method of crystallizing a large-area amorphous silicon thin film using a linear electron beam, and the technical problem to be solved is to crystallize an amorphous silicon thin film, which is formed on a low-priced substrate, by means of an electron beam so as for same to easily be of high quality by having high crystallization yield and to be processed at a low temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for testing an angle of view of a camera. The present invention may comprise: a first light source which is arranged to face an image sensor, and has a first width and a second width longer than the first width; and a second light source and a third light source which are disposed on both sides of the image sensor in the direction of the first width, respectively. The present invention can prevent an interference of the light source or a bracket supporting the light source by reducing the number of light sources. In addition, since it is possible to measure the angle of view of a camera by reducing the light sources, the present invention can reduce the manufacturing costs of a device for testing an angle of view of a camera.

Abstract: A method for controlling valve timing is provided for an engine including continuous variable duration (CVVD) device disposed on both intake valve and exhaust valve sides respectively. The method may include: classifying control regions into first, second, third, fourth, and fifth control regions based on engine load and speed; applying a maximum duration to an intake valve and controlling a valve overlap in a first control region, applying the maximum duration to the intake valve and exhaust valve in the second control region; controlling a manifold absolute pressure (MAP) of an intake manifold to be maintained consistently in the third control region; controlling a throttle valve to be fully opened, advancing an intake valve closing (IVC) timing, and controlling an exhaust valve closing (EVC) timing to after top dead center in the fourth control region; and controlling a wide open throttle valve (WOT) and retarding the intake valve closing in the fifth control region.

Abstract: A method for controlling valve timing of an engine may include: classifying control regions; applying a maximum duration to an intake valve and controlling a valve overlap in a first control region; applying the maximum duration to the intake valve and an exhaust valve in a second control region; controlling a manifold absolute pressure (MAP) of an intake manifold to be maintained constant in a third control region; controlling a wide open throttle valve (WOT) and creating a valve overlap by reducing interference of exhaust in a fourth control region; and controlling a wide open throttle valve (WOT) and controlling an intake valve closing timing based on the engine speed. In particular, the control regions are classified by a controller based on an engine load and an engine speed compared with predetermined values, respectively.

Abstract: A method for controlling valve timing of continuous variable valve duration engine may include continuous variable valve duration (CVVD) device and continuous variable valve timing (CVVT) device including determining target intake valve open (IVO) timing, target intake valve close (IVC) timing, target exhaust valve open (EVO) timing and target exhaust valve close (EVC) timing; determining target intake CVVD, target exhaust CVVD, target intake CVVT and target exhaust CVVT to satisfy the target IVO, IVC, EVO, and EVC timings; performing feedback control of the CVVD by learning minimum value of the CVVD and maximum value of the CVVD; performing feedback control of the CVVT based on profile information of the valve; and determining real IVO timing, real IVC timing, real EVO timing, and real EVC timing based on the feedback control of the CVVD and the feedback control of the CVVT.

Abstract: A driving thin-film transistor can include a substrate; a first active layer disposed on the substrate and including a first protruding portion; a second active layer overlapping with the first active layer and including a second protruding portion; a gate electrode disposed between the first active layer and the second active layer; a source electrode connected to the first protruding portion of the first active layer; and a drain electrode connected to the second protruding portion of the second active layer, in which the first protruding portion of the first active layer and the second protruding portion of the second active layer are located at different positions.

Abstract: A method for detecting a preset type of real-time event is provided. The method includes steps of: (a) a server loading or supporting other server to load a detection policy; and (b) the server detecting or supporting other server to detect an event in real-time from multiple input data by referring to the detection policy.

Abstract: Discussed is an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display device for providing a signal to control a transistor and a power voltage to drive an OLED by using one signal line. The device according to an embodiment includes a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines crossing each other to define a plurality of pixels, and a OLED and a pixel driving circuit for independently driving the OLED in each pixel.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system and a method for controlling valve timing of a continuous variable valve duration engine. The method may include: classifying a plurality of control regions depending on an engine speed and an engine load; applying a maximum duration to an intake valve and controlling a valve overlap between the intake valve and an exhaust valve in a first control region; maintaining the maximum duration of the intake valve and applying a maximum duration to the exhaust valve in a second control region; maintaining a manifold absolute pressure (MAP) at a predetermined pressure in a third control region; controlling a throttle valve to be fully opened and generating the valve overlap in a fourth control region; and controlling the throttle valve to be fully opened and controlling intake valve closing (IVC) timing according to the engine speed in a fifth control region.

Abstract: A continuous variable valve duration apparatus may include a camshaft, a cam device on which a cam is formed, of which the camshaft is inserted thereto and of which a relative phase angle with respect to the camshaft is variable, an internal bracket transmitting rotation of the camshaft to the cam device, a wheel housing in which the internal bracket is rotatably inserted and on which a guide groove parallel to the camshaft is formed, a control portion including a control shaft disposed parallel to the camshaft and inserted into the guide groove, and the control portion selectively rotating the control shaft for the relative position of the wheel housing with respect to the camshaft to be changed and a slider housing interposed between the control shaft and the guide groove.

Abstract: A continuous variable valve duration apparatus may include a camshaft, a cam unit on which a cam is formed, of which the camshaft is inserted thereto and of which a relative phase angle with respect to the camshaft is variable, an inner bracket transmitting rotation of the camshaft to the cam unit, a wheel housing in which the inner bracket is rotatably inserted, on which a guide groove parallel to the camshaft is formed, and on which a guide hole vertical to the camshaft is formed, a guide portion including a guide shaft inserted into the guide hole for guiding movement of the wheel housing and a control portion including a control shaft disposed parallel to the camshaft and inserted into the guide groove, and the control portion selectively rotating the control shaft for the relative position of the wheel housing with respect to the camshaft to be changed.

Abstract: A method for controlling valve timing is provided for an engine including a continuous variable valve duration device disposed on an intake valve side, and a continuous variable valve duration device and continuous variable valve timing device disposed on an exhaust valve side. The method includes: classifying first, second, third, fourth, and fifth control regions depending on an engine speed and an engine load; applying a maximum duration to an intake valve and controlling a valve overlap in the first control region; applying the maximum duration to the intake valve and exhaust valve in the second control region; controlling a manifold absolute pressure (MAP) of an intake manifold to be maintained consistently in the third control region; controlling a wide open throttle valve (WOT) and retarding an exhaust valve opening (EVO) timing in the fourth control region; and controlling the WOT and retarding an intake valve closing (IVC) timing in the fifth control region.

Abstract: A method for performing normalization of at least one piece of unstructured data is provided. The method includes steps of: (a) a computing device parsing or supporting other device to parse at least some unstructured data under a parsing rule; (b) the computing device selecting or supporting other device to select item names corresponding to individual fields extracted from the unstructured data through the parsing and verifying or supporting other device to verify a validity of data types corresponding to the individual fields; (c) the computing device creating or supporting other device to create information on transformation of the unstructured data by referring to the item names and the data types and transforming or supporting other device to transform the unstructured data based on the information; and (d) the computing device creating or supporting other device to create a program code for the normalization based on the information.

Abstract: A system and a method for controlling valve timing of a continuous variable valve duration engine that simultaneously controls duration and timing of the valve by mounting a continuous variable valve duration device on an intake of turbo engine and mounting a continuous variable valve timing device on an exhaust is disclosed. The method includes: classifying a plurality of control regions depending on engine speed and load; applying a maximum duration to an intake valve and limiting an overlap to an exhaust valve; applying the maximum duration to the intake valve and adjusting the overlap by using an exhaust valve close timing; advancing an intake valve close timing; approaching an intake valve close timing to bottom dead center; controlling a wide open throttle valve and controlling the intake valve close timing to after bottom dead center; and controlling the wide open throttle valve and advancing the intake valve close timing.

Abstract: A method for controlling valve timing is provided for a turbo engine provided with a continuous variable valve duration (CVVD) device, a two stage variable valve duration device (VVD) and a continuous variable valve timing (CVVT) device. The method includes: classifying control regions; retarding an intake valve closing (IVC) timing and controlling an exhaust valve to limit a valve overlap in a first region; applying a maximum duration to an intake valve and applying a long duration to the exhaust valve in a second region; applying the long duration to the exhaust valve and advancing the IVC timing in a third region; controlling a throttle valve to be fully opened, applying a short duration to the exhaust valve and retarding an exhaust valve opening (EVO) timing in a fourth region; and controlling the throttle valve to be fully, applying the long duration to the exhaust valve and retarding the IVC timing in a fifth region.

Abstract: An electronic device and method for transmitting data using Bluetooth communication technology are provided. The electronic device includes a memory, a communication circuit configured to communicate with an external device based on a protocol, and a processor configured to generate second data by encoding first data based on an encoding parameter, to store the second data in the memory, to transmit the second data to the external device through the communication circuit, and to change the encoding parameter based on a remaining storage space of the memory.

Abstract: A method for controlling intake and exhaust valves of an engine includes: controlling, by an intake continuous variable valve timing (CVVT) device, opening and closing timings of the intake valve; controlling, by an exhaust CVVT device, opening and closing timing of the exhaust valve; determining, by a controller, first to fifth control regions based on engine load and speeds, and a target opening duration of the intake valve and target opening or target closing timings of the intake valve; modifying, by an intake continuous variable valve duration (CVVD) device, current opening and closing timings of the intake valve based on the target opening duration; and advancing or retarding, by the intake CVVD device, the current opening timing of the intake valve while simultaneously retarding or advancing the current closing timing of the intake valve by a predetermined value based on the target opening duration of the intake valve.

Abstract: A method for controlling intake and exhaust valves of an engine includes: controlling, by an intake continuous variable valve timing (CVVT) device, opening and closing timings of the intake valve; controlling, by an exhaust CVVT device, opening and closing timing of the exhaust valve; determining, by a controller, a target opening duration of the intake valve and target opening or target closing timings of the intake valve based on an engine load and an engine speed; modifying, by an intake continuous variable valve duration (CVVD) device, current opening and closing timings of the intake valve based on the target opening duration; and advancing or retarding, by the intake CVVD device, the current opening timing of the intake valve while simultaneously retarding or advancing the current closing timing of the intake valve by a predetermined value based on the target opening duration of the intake valve.

Abstract: A method for controlling intake and exhaust valves of an engine includes: controlling, by an intake continuous variable valve timing (CVVT) device and an exhaust CVVT device, opening and closing timings of the intake valve and exhaust valves; determining, by a controller, a target opening duration of the intake and exhaust valves based on an engine load and an engine speed; modifying, by an intake continuous variable valve duration (CVVD) device and by an exhaust two-stage variable valve duration device, current opening and closing timings of the intake valve and exhaust valve based on the target opening durations. In particular, the exhaust two-stage VVD device switches a current opening duration of the exhaust valve to a first exhaust opening duration or a second exhaust opening duration which is shorter than the first opening duration based on the target opening duration of the exhaust valve.

Abstract: A method for controlling intake and exhaust valves of an engine includes: Controlling opening and closing timings of the intake and exhaust valves by an intake continuous variable valve timing (CVVT) device and an exhaust CVVT devices; determining, by a controller, target intake and exhaust opening durations of the intake and exhaust valves, and target opening and closing timings of the valves based on an engine load and an engine speed; modifying current intake and exhaust opening durations based on the target opening durations via an intake continuous variable valve duration (CVVD) device and an exhaust CVVD device; adjusting opening or closing timings of the valves to the target opening or closing timings of the valves while maintaining the modified opening durations of the valves.