Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to SOFC with a multilayer structure comprising a porous ceramic cathode, optionally a cathodic triple phase boundary layer, a bilayer electrolyte comprising a cerium oxide comprising layer and a bismuth oxide comprising layer, an anion functional layer, and a porous ceramic anode with electrical interconnects, wherein the SOFC displays a very high power density at temperatures below 700° C. with hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuels. The low temperature conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy allows the fabrication of the fuel cells using stainless steel or other metal alloys rather than ceramic conductive oxides as the interconnects.

Abstract: A method of transmitting K messages using divided message authentication codes (MACs) in a controller area network (CAN) includes: generating a MAC using a first message and a specific MAC, performing a first operation with respect to j using j-th messages subsequent to the first message and a second MAC part of the generated MAC, performing a second operation with respect to j using a result of the performed first operation and a j-th subblock subsequent to a first MAC subblock among K MAC subblocks obtained by dividing a first MAC part of the generated MAC, transmitting the first message along with the first MAC subblock, and transmitting K-1 j-th messages in an order of j, each of the j-th messages being transmitted along with a j-th result of the performed second operation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for authenticating packets in a controller area network (CAN) are disclosed. The method includes transmitting messages using a mixture of message authentication codes (MACs) in a controller area network (CAN). In addition, a first MAC is generated using a first message and the first MAC is divided into a first MAC part and a second MAC part. A second MAC is generated using a second message and the second MAC is divided into a third MAC part and a fourth MAC part. A linear operation is performed between the second MAC part and the third MAC part to generate a first authentication MAC. The first message is transmitted with the first MAC part and the second message is transmitted with the first authentication MAC.

Abstract: A vital signal measuring watch is provided, the vital signal measuring watch including a watch module having a shape of a wrist watch, wherein the watch module includes a device receiving portion at one side of the watch module and a communication port in the device receiving portion; and a vital signal sensor connected to or disconnected from the device receiving portion, connected to the communication port when being connected to the device receiving portion, and configured to transmit biometric data obtained by measuring vital signals to the communication port, wherein the vital signal sensor is configured to generate an interrupt plug-in event to transmit the event to the watch module when being connected to the communication port, and the watch module is configured to count a number of interrupts of the transmitted interrupt plug-in event, automatically recognize a communication protocol supported by the vital signal sensor according to the number of interrupts, and dynamically activate a communication i

Abstract: The electrode member according to the embodiment includes: a substrate; and an electrode part on the substrate, wherein the electrode part includes a sensing electrode and a wire electrode, at least one electrode of the sensing electrode and the wire electrode includes an opening part and the electrode part has a black color.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting an in-vehicle network attack, is configured to cumulatively count packets for each device that has a respective ID and is connected to an in-vehicle network bus. The apparatus is configured to cumulate a check value every time the packets are cumulatively counted to calculate a cumulated value, and determine that an attack is conducted when an average cumulated value obtained by dividing the cumulated value by a cumulative counted value does not exceed a first threshold value.

Abstract: According to example embodiments, a memory device includes a substrate, a channel region on the substrate, a plurality of gate electrode layers stacked on each other on the substrate, and a plurality of contact plugs. The gate electrode layers are adjacent to the channel region and extend in one direction to define a pad region. The gate electrode layers include first and second gate electrode layers. The contact plugs are connected to the gate electrode layers in the pad region. At least one of the contact plugs is electrically insulated from the from the first gate electrode layer and electrically connected to the second gate electrode layer by penetrating through the first gate electrode layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light unit. The light unit includes a printed circuit board formed thereon with a plurality of LEDs and a light guide member having receiving holes to receive the LEDs. At least one round part having a predetermined curvature is formed at an edge defined in an intersection between an upper surface and an inner surface of the receiving hole. Since the round part is formed at the edge in the receiving hole receiving the LED at the portion of the light guide member, the light distribution is improved so that the light efficiency is increased.

Abstract: Provided is a lighting unit for a vehicle capable of implementing surface light emission from a single light emitting surface. The light unit can function to implement a light emitting region in which at least two light colors are displayed or different light colors are implemented, or to locally emitting light.

Abstract: A warm mix recycled asphalt additive according to one embodiment includes dregs of oil and fat which are the by-products remaining after fatty acids are extracted from oils. In addition, the warm mix asphalt mixture according to another embodiment includes 2-15 wt % of the warm mix recycled asphalt additive, having dregs of oil and fat which are the by-products remaining after fatty acids are extracted from oils, on the basis of the total amount of waste asphalt in waste asphalt concrete. It is possible to overcome the problem of brittleness or the deterioration of lower temperature properties even if mixing and using waste asphalt concrete and new asphalt concrete when making asphalt concrete, to minimize the generation of toxic gas by exhibiting a technique for paving a warm mix mixture, and to reduce the environmental burden by efficiently regenerating waste asphalt concrete and recycling organic dregs.

Abstract: A display device includes: a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel, wherein the first sub-pixel includes: a first light emitting diode coupled between a first node and a second node; a first transistor configured to turn off the first light emitting diode by lowering a voltage of the first node below a voltage of the second node by providing a first initialization voltage to the first node; and a second transistor configured to turn on the first light emitting diode by increasing the voltage of the first node above the voltage of the second node by providing a first driving current to the first node, wherein the second sub-pixel includes a second light emitting diode, wherein a capacitance of the first light emitting diode is higher than a capacitance of the second light emitting diode.

Abstract: A display device includes a first optical resonance layer on a substrate, a switching structure on the first optical resonance layer, a first electrode on the switching structure, a light emitting structure on the first electrode, and a second electrode on the emitting structure. The switching structure may include a switching device and an optical distance controlling insulation layer covering the switching device. A first optical resonance distance for an optical resonance of the light may be provided between an upper face of the first optical resonance layer and a bottom face of the second electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light unit, comprising a printed circuit board equipped with a plurality of LEDs; and a light guide member equipped with mounting grooves to house the LEDs. It is preferred that the light guide member comprises one surface and another surface facing the one surface; a first density pattern area and a second density pattern area having higher density than that of the first density pattern area are formed in the one surface; and the second density pattern is disposed in an area closer to the light emitting surface of the LED than the first density pattern area. According to the present invention, hot spots can be removed by forming high density optical patterns on the upper surface of a light guide member and diffusing the light of LEDs; meanwhile, the transmission range of light can be extended and light extraction efficiency can be improved by disposing low density optical patterns in adjacent areas.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including a channel layer, a gate insulating layer formed on a surface of the channel layer, a cell gate pattern formed along the gate insulating layer, and an Electro Migration (EM) pattern formed in the cell gate pattern, and movable by an electric field formed between the cell gate pattern and the channel layer.

Abstract: A dual crucible for silicon melting and a manufacturing apparatus of a silicon thin film including the same are disclosed. The dual crucible for the silicon melting includes a graphite crucible formed in a container shape with an open top and a bottom having an outlet part formed therein to exhaust silicon melt, the graphite crucible comprising a slope part configured to connect the outlet part and an inner wall with each other, with a predetermined slope with respect to a top surface of the outlet part, and a quartz crucible insertedly coupled to the graphite crucible, with being formed in a corresponding shape to the graphite crucible, the quartz crucible having a silicon base material charged therein.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device includes: a channel layer protruding perpendicular to a surface of a substrate; a tunnel insulation layer formed on a surface of the channel layer; a stack structure, in which a plurality of floating gate electrodes and a plurality of control gate electrodes are alternately formed along the channel layer; and a charge blocking layer interposed between each floating gate electrode, of the plurality of floating gate electrodes, and each control gate electrode of the plurality of control gate electrodes, wherein the floating gate electrode includes a first floating gate electrode between two control gate electrodes and a second floating gate electrode positioned in the lowermost and uppermost parts of the stack structure and having a smaller width in a direction parallel to the substrate than the first floating gate electrode.

Abstract: A first terminal according to the present invention is a first terminal among a plurality of terminals which is connected to a district center network management device in a VSAT (very small aperture terminal) system, including: a communication unit which connects the first terminal to the district center network management device through a star network; and a control unit which creates SCPC call establishment request information, transmits the created SCPC call establishment request information to the district center network management device through the communication unit, and performs SCPC connection with another terminal based on SCPC call establishment information which is transmitted from the district center network management device in response to the transmitted SCPC call establishment request information when SCPC (single channel per carrier) connection is desired to be performed with another terminal among the plurality of terminals.

Abstract: In a semiconductor memory device, a plurality of control gates is stacked in a first region and a second region of a substrate. A plurality of interlayer insulating layers is stacked in a portion of the second region of the substrate. Each interlayer insulating layer is formed at the same level as a corresponding one of the control gates. A plurality of sub-control gates is stacked in the first and second regions region of the substrate and interposed between the control gates and the interlayer insulating layers. A common node penetrates the interlayer insulating layers and the sub-control gates.

Abstract: A resistive memory device includes word lines stacked on top of one another, at least one first selection line formed over the word lines, a first channel layer passing through the word lines and the first selection line, a first phase change material layer formed in the first channel layer and overlapping the word lines, and a first insulating layer formed in the first channel layer and overlapping the first selection line.

Abstract: A firmware transmission method through which a server transmits firmware, includes generating a secret key using a designated secret key generation function, encrypting original firmware using the secret key, encrypting the secret key using a public key of a reception terminal which is stored in advance, and generating a hash value by inputting the original firmware to a designated hash function, and encrypting the generated hash value using a private key of the server which is stored in advance, wherein firmware data including the encrypted original firmware, the encrypted secret key, and the encrypted hash value is transmitted to the reception terminal. Therefore, the firmware transmission method provides safe firmware upgrade.