Abstract: A method for generating a transport stream of a server is provided. The method for generating a transport stream of a server which sends broadcasting content to a client device comprises: scrambling broadcasting content by using a specific key; adding at least one content-encryption message which includes the specific key and a device key for obtaining the specific key from the at least one content-encryption message to the broadcasting content so as to generate a transport stream; and sending the generated transport stream to the client device.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, a through-via electrode extending through the substrate. The through-via electrode has an interconnection metal layer and a barrier metal layer surrounding a side surface of the interconnection metal layer. One end of the through-via electrode protrudes above the second surface. A spacer insulating layer may be provided on an outer sidewall of the through-via electrode. A through-via electrode pad is connected to the through-via electrode and extends on the spacer insulating layer substantially parallel to the second surface. A first silicon oxide layer and a silicon nitride layer are stacked on the second surface. A thickness of the first silicon oxide layer is greater than a thickness of the silicon nitride layer.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) device includes a semiconductor substrate having a via hole extending through at least a part thereof, a conductive structure in the via hole, a conductive barrier layer adjacent the conductive structure; and a via insulating layer interposed between the semiconductor substrate and the conductive barrier layer. The conductive barrier layer may include an outer portion oxidized between the conductive barrier layer and the via insulating layer, and the oxidized outer portion of the conductive barrier layer may substantially surrounds the remaining portion of the conductive barrier layer.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor device. The semiconductor device includes a passivation layer defining a metal pattern on a first surface of a substrate, an inter-layer insulating layer disposed on a second surface of the substrate, and a piezoelectric pattern formed between the metal pattern and the passivation layer on the first surface of the substrate. A through-silicon-via and/or a pad can be directly bonded to another through-silicon-via and/or another pad by applying pressure only, and without performing a heat process.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, a through-via electrode extending through the substrate. The through-via electrode has an interconnection metal layer and a barrier metal layer surrounding a side surface of the interconnection metal layer. One end of the through-via electrode protrudes above the second surface. A spacer insulating layer may be provided on an outer sidewall of the through-via electrode. A through-via electrode pad is connected to the through-via electrode and extends on the spacer insulating layer substantially parallel to the second surface. A first silicon oxide layer and a silicon nitride layer are stacked on the second surface. A thickness of the first silicon oxide layer is greater than a thickness of the silicon nitride layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting a leak of an information resource of a device. Source code is obtained from an application and is analyzed to determine whether at least one information resource from among information resources of a device is transmittable to outside the device by tracking a task performed on the at least one information resource, thereby detecting whether the application is externally leaking an information resource from the device.

Abstract: A method and device for analyzing an application are provided. The method includes obtaining the application, obtaining at least one of environment information, which is information about an environment where the application is executed, and execution information, which is information about operations of components of the application, obtaining code data to analyze from the application, based on at least one of the environment information and the execution information, obtaining function information, and analyzing the code data, based on the obtained function information.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, a through-via electrode extending through the substrate. The through-via electrode has an interconnection metal layer and a barrier metal layer surrounding a side surface of the interconnection metal layer. One end of the through-via electrode protrudes above the second surface. A spacer insulating layer may be provided on an outer sidewall of the through-via electrode. A through-via electrode pad is connected to the through-via electrode and extends on the spacer insulating layer substantially parallel to the second surface. A first silicon oxide layer and a silicon nitride layer are stacked on the second surface. A thickness of the first silicon oxide layer is greater than a thickness of the silicon nitride layer.

Abstract: A method of forming a dielectric layer, the method including sequentially forming a first oxide layer, a nitride layer, and a second oxide layer on a substrate by performing a plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition process, wherein a first nitrogen plasma treatment is performed after forming the first oxide layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, a through-via electrode extending through the substrate. The through-via electrode has an interconnection metal layer and a barrier metal layer surrounding a side surface of the interconnection metal layer. One end of the through-via electrode protrudes above the second surface. A spacer insulating layer may be provided on an outer sidewall of the through-via electrode. A through-via electrode pad is connected to the through-via electrode and extends on the spacer insulating layer substantially parallel to the second surface. A first silicon oxide layer and a silicon nitride layer are stacked on the second surface. A thickness of the first silicon oxide layer is greater than a thickness of the silicon nitride layer.

Abstract: Provided are methods of generating and verifying an electronic signature of software data, wherein software data is split into a plurality of blocks, electronic signatures corresponding to each of the blocks are generated, and some of the electronic signatures are randomly selected for verification. Accordingly, a time required for verifying an electronic signature can be reduced while maintaining the advantages of an electronic signature system.

Abstract: According to example embodiments, a method of forming micropatterns includes forming dummy patterns having first widths on a dummy region of a substrate, and forming cell patterns having second widths on an active line region of the substrate. The active line region may be adjacent to the dummy region and the second widths may be less than the first widths. The method may further include forming damascene metallization by forming a seed layer on the active line region and the dummy region, forming a conductive material layer on a whole surface of the substrate, and planarizing the conductive material layer to form metal lines.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices and methods for fabricating the same are provided. For example, the semiconductor device includes a substrate, a first contact pad formed on the substrate, an insulation layer formed on the substrate and including a first opening which exposes the first contact pad, a first bump formed on the first contact pad and electrically connected to the first contact pad, and a reinforcement member formed on the insulation layer and adjacent to a side surface of the first lower bump. The first bump includes a first lower bump and a first upper bump, which are sequentially stacked on the first contact pad.

Abstract: According to example embodiments, a method of forming micropatterns includes forming dummy patterns having first widths on a dummy region of a substrate, and forming cell patterns having second widths on an active line region of the substrate. The active line region may be adjacent to the dummy region and the second widths may be less than the first widths. The method may further include forming damascene metallization by forming a seed layer on the active line region and the dummy region, forming a conductive material layer on a whole surface of the substrate, and planarizing the conductive material layer to form metal lines.

Abstract: A conductive pattern structure includes a first insulating interlayer on a substrate, metal wiring on the first insulating interlayer, a second insulating interlayer on the metal wiring, and first and second metal contacts extending through the second insulating interlayer. The first metal contacts contact the metal wiring in a cell region and the second metal contact contacts the metal wiring in a peripheral region. A third insulating interlayer is disposed on the second insulating interlayer. Conductive segments extend through the third insulating interlayer in the cell region and contact the first metal contacts. Another conductive segment extends through the third insulating interlayer in the peripheral region and contacts the second metal contact. The structure facilitates the forming of uniformly thick wiring in the cell region using an electroplating process.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory device is provided, including a substrate formed of a single crystalline semiconductor, pillar-shaped semiconductor patterns extending perpendicular to the substrate, a plurality of gate electrodes and a plurality of interlayer dielectric layers alternately stacked perpendicular to the substrate, and a charge spread blocking layer formed between the plurality of gate electrodes and the plurality of interlayer dielectric layers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting a leak of an information resource of a device. Source code is obtained from an application and is analyzed to determine whether at least one information resource from among information resources of a device is transmittable to outside the device by tracking a task performed on the at least one information resource, thereby detecting whether the application is externally leaking an information resource from the device.

Abstract: Methods of forming conductive pattern structures form an insulating interlayer on a substrate that is partially etched to form a first trench extending to both end portions of a cell block. The insulating interlayer is also partially etched to form a second trench adjacent to the first trench, and a third trench extending to the both end portions of the cell block. The second trench has a disconnected shape at a middle portion of the cell block. A seed copper layer is formed on the insulating interlayer. Inner portions of the first, second and third trenches are electroplated with a copper layer. The copper layer is polished to expose the insulating interlayer to form first and second conductive patterns in the first and second trenches, respectively, and a first dummy conductive pattern in the third trench. Related conductive pattern structures are also described.

Abstract: A method for generating a transport stream of a server is provided. The method for generating a transport stream of a server which sends broadcasting content to a client device comprises: scrambling broadcasting content by using a specific key; adding at least one content-encryption message which includes the specific key and a device key for obtaining the specific key from the at least one content-encryption message to the broadcasting content so as to generate a transport stream; and sending the generated transport stream to the client device.

Abstract: According to example embodiments, a method of forming micropatterns includes forming dummy patterns having first widths on a dummy region of a substrate, and forming cell patterns having second widths on an active line region of the substrate. The active line region may be adjacent to the dummy region and the second widths may be less than the first widths. The method may further include forming damascene metallization by forming a seed layer on the active line region and the dummy region, forming a conductive material layer on a whole surface of the substrate, and planarizing the conductive material layer to form metal lines.