Abstract: A circuit board structure is provided. The circuit board structure includes a substrate, a solder mask coupler, a supporter, and a chip. The substrate has a conductive structure. The solder mask coupler is disposed on the substrate. The supporter contacts the solder mask coupler, and the supporter is fixed on the substrate via the solder mask coupler. The chip is disposed on the substrate, and the chip is electrically connected with the conductive structure.

Abstract: Embodiments of the application relates to a method and an apparatus supporting beam training. This solution may be applied to a wireless local area network system supporting 802.11 series protocols such as a next-generation Wi-Fi protocol of IEEE 802.11ax like 802.11be, Wi-Fi 7, or EHT, or a next generation of 802.11be like Wi-Fi 8, or may be applied to a UWB-based wireless personal area network system or a sensing system. The method includes: generating first information, where the first information includes direction information and quantity information, the direction information indicates M directions, and the quantity information indicates a quantity N of repeated transmissions in each of the M directions; and sending the first information in a second frequency band.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to the wireless communication field, for example, is applied to a wireless local area network supporting the 802.11 standard, and in particular, to a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) transmission method and a related apparatus. The method includes: A first communication device generates and sends a first PPDU, where the first PPDU carries rotation coefficient indication information indicating a rotation coefficient of at least one field, which comprises at least one of an extremely high throughput short training field (EHT-STF) or an extremely high throughput long training field (EHT-LTF) and correspond to a frequency segment on which the first PPDU is transmitted, and the first PPDU is a sub-PPDU in an aggregated PPDU or a PPDU on a frequency segment among at least one PPDU in a multi-frequency segment transmission mode.

Abstract: A ceramic substrate and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The ceramic substrate includes a spheroidal aluminum nitride powder, a plate-shaped aluminum nitride powder, a boron nitride powder, and an yttrium oxide powder. A percentage by weight of the spheroidal aluminum nitride powder ranges between 63% and 90%. A percentage by weight of the plate-shaped aluminum nitride powder ranges between 0.05% and 30%. A percentage by weight of the boron nitride powder ranges between 0.05% and 2%. A percentage by weight of the yttrium oxide powder ranges between 0.05% and 5%. The method includes a tape casting operation and a primary and pressureless sintering process.

Abstract: This application relates to the field of communications technologies, in particular Wireless Local Area Network technologies, and provides a method and apparatus for reducing a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) for transmitting a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), in particular reducing the PAPR for the U-SIG field. Methods are disclosed for both an access point (AP) and stations (STA).

Abstract: This application provides a data transmission method and a related apparatus. The method includes: A network device generates a first physical layer protocol data unit PPDU. The first PPDU includes a first universal-Signaling field U-SIG field and a first extremely high throughput-Signaling field EHT-SIG field, a sum of a quantity of information bits of the first U-SIG field and a quantity of information bits of the first EHT-SIG field is less than or equal to 78 information bits, and at least one of the first U-SIG field and the first EHT-SIG field includes an identifier indication field, where the identifier indication field is used to uniquely identify one station. The network device sends an encoded first PPDU to a station.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to the wireless transmission field, and discloses a data transmission method and apparatus. An example method includes: A transmit end generates a data packet; and the transmit end sends the data packet to a receive end, where the data packet includes at least two pieces of video service data having different priorities, and the pieces of video service data having different priorities are carried on different communications resources for transmission.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a communication method and a communication apparatus applied to a wireless communication system, to provide a signaling design solution applicable to a scenario of multi-AP coordinated transmission. An embodiment of this application provides a communication method, including: a first access point (AP) generates notification information, where the notification information indicates a station (STA) that is to send a channel sounding physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), the notification information includes identification information of the STA and identification information of a second AP, the identification information of the STA indicates the STA, and the identification information of the second AP indicates the second AP. The first AP sends the notification information to the second AP and to the STA.

Abstract: Disclosed are a communication method based on a PPDU and an apparatus. This application is applied to a wireless local area network system that supports 802.11 series protocols such as a next-generation Wi-Fi protocol of IEEE 802.11ax, for example, 802.11be, Wi-Fi 7, or EHT, and a next-generation Wi-Fi protocol of 802.11be or Wi-Fi 8, and may be further applied to a UWB-based wireless personal area network system, a sensing (sensing) system, and the like. The method includes: A transmit end generates the PPDU, and sends the PPDU. Correspondingly, a receive end receives the PPDU, and processes the PPDU. The PPDU may include an L-STF, an L-LTF, an L-SIG field, and a first STF.

Abstract: An energy storage converter and an energy storage device, including: a mounting box, an inductor, and a cooling plate. The mounting box includes a mounting cavity, in which the inductor is mounted, and the mounting box is mounted to the cooling plate. The mounting box includes a bottom wall, one of the bottom wall and the cooling plate is provided with a heat dissipation protrusion and the other one is provided with a heat dissipation groove. The heat dissipation protrusion is engaged with the heat dissipation groove. The mounting box includes a first side wall and a second side wall. The first side wall includes a first surface facing away from the second side wall and the second side wall includes a second surface facing away from the first side wall. A distance between the first surface and the second surface increases along a direction towards the cooling plate.

Abstract: A STA in a STA MLD sends an information frame on a link corresponding to the station, and the information frame is used to indicate a STA in an awake state in the STA MLD. An AP MLD receives the information frame, and sends a downlink message frame on a one or more links corresponding to a part of or all of STAs in the awake state in the STA MLD.

Abstract: This application provides example data retransmission methods and communication apparatuses. One example method includes receiving a physical protocol data unit (PPDU) by a first device and from a second device, where the PPDU includes a signaling field and a data field, the data field includes retransmitted data and newly transmitted data, the signaling field includes first indication information, or the signaling field comprises the first indication information and second indication information, the first indication information indicates a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and a first coding mode that are used for the newly transmitted data, and the second indication information indicates a second MCS and a second coding mode that are used for the retransmitted data. The PPDU is demodulated based on the signaling field.

Abstract: A household appliance has a motor with a stator. The stator includes an iron core having at least one lamination unit arranged in an axial direction of the stator; and at least one cavity channel, formed inside the lamination unit. An inlet and an outlet that are in communication with each cavity channel are respectively formed on outer surfaces of the lamination unit. In the axial direction of the stator, the outlet and the inlet have a height difference. The heat dissipation performance of the stator is thereby improved by reducing a temperature of the motor and also efficiency and power density of the motor are improved.

Abstract: This application provides information sending and receiving methods and apparatuses, and belongs to the field of communications technologies. This application provides a new PPDU format. A long training sequence in the new PPDU format is orthogonal to a legacy long training sequence or orthogonal to a high throughput long training sequence. By using this long training sequence, a format of a PPDU can be automatically detected, so as to further process the PPDU according to a network standard corresponding to the format of the PPDU. In addition, when a target long training field is read, the format of the PPDU can be detected, thereby saving time for detecting the format of the PPDU, improving efficiency of detecting the format of the PPDU, and completing a task of detecting the format of the PPDU as early as possible.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions, methods, and kits that can be used to Epstein-Ban virus (EBV) in a sample undergoing testing. Nucleic acids of EBV can be isolated, amplified and detected with specificity by real-time PCR, and without interference from non-EBV organisms. In some embodiments, nucleic acids used for amplification are isolated from human blood, or blood products. Nucleic acid isolation, amplification and detection steps can all be carried out using an automated instrument.

Abstract: This application discloses a data transmission method and device, a chip system, and a computer-readable storage medium. In the method, a station may receive preamble puncturing indication information that includes one or more indicators. An indicator of the one or more indicators corresponds to preamble puncturing information of a data packet. The station sends or receives the data packet based on the preamble puncturing indication information. The preamble puncturing information includes a size and location of preamble puncturing, or that there is no preamble puncturing. The preamble puncturing information may be an index indicated by the preamble puncturing indication information, to learn of a status of preamble puncturing in the data packet.

Abstract: This application provides a sensing method and a communication apparatus. A first device indicates at least one second device to perform a sensing task by using a midamble, and indicates a sensing parameter required by the at least one second device to perform the sensing task. This may enable the at least one second device to perform the sensing task by using the midamble sent by the first device, to implement sensing by using the midamble.

Abstract: A station (STA)-side data acknowledgment apparatus includes a transceiver configured to send a data frame and send an acknowledgment request, and a processor configured to control the transceiver to send the acknowledgment request after a duration from an end of sending the data frame. The duration is greater than or equal to a transmission delay on a backhaul link between access points (APs). The acknowledgment request is an acknowledgment request for the data frame.

Abstract: Disclosed are a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) transmission method and a related apparatus. The method includes: generating a PPDU, where the PPDU includes a universal signal field (U-SIG), and the U-SIG includes a subfield indicating that the PPDU is a null data packet (NDP); and sending the PPDU. In this way, a beamformee (Bfee) that receives the NDP can identify the NDP earlier. This helps improve efficiency of reading the NDP by the Bfee. The PPDU is an NDP used for a standard after 802.11ax. In a scenario in which wireless communication is performed by using the standard (for example, 802.11be) after 802.11ax, the Bfee can perform channel estimation based on the NDP.

Abstract: The embodiments of the application provides a resource allocation method. In an example method, a trigger frame is sent by an access point to a station. The trigger frame includes one user information field, and the user information field may indicate a plurality of resource units allocated to the station.