Abstract: This application provides methods and apparatus for sending feedback information. By binding a BAR-BA feedback manner, that is, first a request and then a feedback, when it is determined that data retransmission is performed by using a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) mechanism, duration of an acknowledgment operation performed by a data receive end on retransmitted data may be increased. Alternatively, the receive end estimates duration required for feeding back a receiving status of the retransmitted data, and feeds back the duration to a transmit end. The transmit end may therefore adaptively adjust duration of the retransmitted data based on a feedback capability of the receive end, to ensure that the feedback of the receive end on the receiving status of the retransmitted data is within a short inter-frame space (SIFS).

Abstract: A channel state information feedback method and an apparatus are provided, relate to the field of communications technologies, and are used to flexibly feed back channel state information, to implement balance between feedback overheads and feedback precision of the channel state information. The method-includes: includes sending a media access control (MAC) frame, where the MAC frame includes a processing mode bitmap, every n bits in the processing mode bitmap correspond to one feedback unit, and a value of the n bits is used to indicate a processing mode of channel state information of the corresponding feedback unit; and receiving a beamforming report, where the beamforming report includes one or more feedback fields, each feedback field corresponds to one feedback unit, the feedback field includes channel state information of the corresponding feedback unit, and the channel state information included in the feedback field is processed in a processing mode indicated by the processing mode bitmap.

Abstract: This application relates to the wireless communications field, for example, is applicable to a wireless local area network supporting the 802.11be standard, and in particular, to a PPDU uplink bandwidth indication method and a related apparatus. The method includes: An AP generates and sends a trigger frame. The trigger frame carries first indication information, where the first indication information is directly used to indicate or jointly indicate an EHT TB PPDU bandwidth or an uplink PPDU total transmission bandwidth. The trigger frame carries second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate distribution of an HE TB PPDU and/or an EHT TB PPDU in the uplink PPDU total transmission bandwidth, or directly indicate whether an EHT station transmits an HE TB PPDU or an EHT TB PPDU.

Abstract: This disclosure discloses puncturing information indication methods and communication apparatuses. In an implementation, a method comprises generate a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) comprising a preamble, wherein the preamble comprises preamble puncturing information carried by a content channel and indicates preamble puncturing status of subchannels of a bandwidth of the PPDU, wherein the content channel is distributed on some subchannels of the bandwidth of the PPDU, and a bandwidth of the content channel is less than the bandwidth of the PPDU, and send the PPDU.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to the wireless communication field, for example, is applied to a wireless local area network supporting the 802.11 standard, and in particular, to a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) transmission method and a related apparatus. The method includes: A first communication device generates and sends a first PPDU, where the first PPDU carries rotation coefficient indication information indicating a rotation coefficient of at least one field, which comprises at least one of an extremely high throughput short training field (EHT-STF) or an extremely high throughput long training field (EHT-LTF) and correspond to a frequency segment on which the first PPDU is transmitted, and the first PPDU is a sub-PPDU in an aggregated PPDU or a PPDU on a frequency segment among at least one PPDU in a multi-frequency segment transmission mode.

Abstract: This application is applicable to a multi-link group addressed traffic transmission method and an apparatus. A first access point (AP) of an AP multi-link device (MLD) sends group addressed traffic indication information indicating whether each AP of other APs of the AP MLD has a group addressed traffic, so that a station (STA) can learn whether the multiple APs have a group addressed traffic. In this way, each STA of the STA MLD does not need to listen to each AP whether each AP has a group addressed traffic. This reduces power consumption of the STA MLD. This application may be applied to a wireless local area network system that supports an IEEE 802.11ax next-generation Wi-Fi EHT protocol, for example, 802.11 series protocols such as 802.11be.

Abstract: The subject matter described herein relates to engineered monoclonal antibodies, derived from antibodies isolated from human patients, neutralizing a SARS-CoV-2 virus, its variants, or related coronaviruses.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to data transmission methods and related apparatus. In one example method, a first node sends a to-be-sent frame whose classification attribute value belongs to the first frequency block classification range to a second node by using a first frequency block. The classification attribute value of the to-be-sent frame includes at least one of a frame type, a transmission rate, quality of service, a quality of service access category, a spatial stream, sending duration, a data packet format, or a data packet bandwidth.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to techniques for forward error correction and packet padding in radio transmission, e.g. WiFi communication schemes such as IEEE 802.11ax and 802.11be. In particular, the disclosure relates to a communication device configured to: transmit and/or receive a data frame based on a set of pre&post-Forward Error Correction (pre&post-FEC) parameters and a set of packet extension (PE) parameters, wherein the set of pre&post-FEC parameters is based on an extension of a set of pre&post-FEC parameters defined for a second radio transmission technology with respect to a size of resource units (RUS) supported by a first radio transmission technology, wherein the set of pre&post-FEC parameters is based on a combination of RUs that is supported by the first radio transmission technology, and wherein the set of PE parameters is based on an extension of a set of PE parameters defined for the second radio transmission technology.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a communication method applied to a multi-link device in a wireless local area network (WLAN) and a related apparatus. For example, the communication method is applied to a WLAN supporting 802.11be. The method includes: receiving a probe request frame, where the probe request frame is included in a multi-link device (MLD); determining, according to a preset condition, whether to respond to the probe request frame, where the preset condition includes at least the following: a reference identifier in the probe request frame does not match a reference identifier of each station in the MLD; and if the preset condition is satisfied, skipping sending a probe response frame in response to the probe request frame.

Abstract: In an information transmission method, a receiving device receives a data frame from a sending device. The data frame occupies a transmission resource block, and includes RU allocation information. The receiving device determines indication information based on a location of a 160 MHz channel with more data tones of the transmission resource block and a resource block size indicated by the RU allocation information. The receiving device then determines a response resource block based on the indication information and the RU allocation information, and sends an acknowledgment frame for the data frame to the sending device on the response resource block.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose example data communication methods and apparatuses. One set of operations performed by the example solutions includes sending a preset frame to an access point (AP) associated with a data communication apparatus, wherein the data communication apparatus and the AP belong to a first basic service set (BSS) having a first BSS identifier, and the preset frame comprises a second BSS identifier that identifies a second BSS. A physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) is sent, wherein the PPDU comprises a target BSS identifier. Receiving a frame from the AP is stopped in response to the target BSS identifier being the same as the second BSS identifier and different from the first BSS identifier, as well as a preset condition being met.

Abstract: The present disclosure suggests to expand and improve the method of utilizing channel resources in the 802.11be standard by allowing the use of multiple and non-contiguous portions of a channel. Supporting multiple resource units (MRUs) and non-contiguous resource units (RUs) improves the channel utilization by making it more efficient due to enhancing the capability of leveraging the channel selectivity. To this end, a wireless network device for resource allocation is provided and configured to define a non-contiguous MRU in the bandwidth of the channel. The channel includes a plurality of RUs, and the non-contiguous MRU is defined based on non-punctured RUs after puncturing one or more of the RUs of the channel, and/or is defined by aggregating two or more non-adjacent RUs of the channel.

Abstract: In various embodiments, the present invention relates generally to using bispecific antibodies in the prevention and treatment of HIV.

Abstract: This application provides information sending and receiving methods and apparatuses. This application provides a new PPDU format. In some instances, a long training sequence in the new PPDU format is orthogonal to a legacy long training sequence or orthogonal to a high throughput long training sequence. By using this long training sequence, a format of a PPDU can be automatically detected, so as to further process the PPDU according to a network standard corresponding to the format of the PPDU. In addition, when a target long training field is read, the format of the PPDU can be detected, thereby, in at least some implementations, saving time for detecting the format of the PPDU, improving efficiency of detecting the format of the PPDU, and completing a task of detecting the format of the PPDU as early as possible.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a communication method and a communication apparatus applied to a wireless communication system, to provide a signaling design solution applicable to a scenario of multi-AP coordinated transmission. An embodiment of this application provides a communication method, including: a first access point (AP) generates notification information, where the notification information indicates a station (STA) that is to send a channel sounding physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), the notification information includes identification information of the STA and identification information of a second AP, the identification information of the STA indicates the STA, and the identification information of the second AP indicates the second AP. The first AP sends the notification information to the second AP and to the STA.

Abstract: This application provides a resource unit indication method, an access point, and a station. In the method, a resource unit allocation subfield in a trigger frame includes a frequency band range indication and a resource unit indication. The resource unit indication is used to indicate an MRU allocated to a station. The frequency band range indication is used to indicate a frequency band range in which an RU in the MRU is located. For example, the frequency band range indication is used to indicate 80 MHz in which a smallest RU in the MRU is located. In this way, the frequency band range indication indicates a frequency band range related to the MRU, and can further carry more information, for example, the frequency band range in which the smallest RU is located. It may be learned that this application may be applied to 802.11ax, 802.11be, and a future Wi-Fi system.

Abstract: A ceramic submount for a semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The ceramic submount includes a ceramic core board, an electrode layer, and a solder unit. The electrode layer is disposed on one side of the ceramic core board. The solder unit includes a buffer containing layer and a soldering layer. A cross-section of the solder unit has an inversed-trapezoid shape. The buffer containing layer is disposed on a surface of the electrode layer. A receiving space is concavely formed on a top surface of the buffer containing layer, and the soldering layer is filled in the receiving space. The buffer containing layer surrounds the soldering layer.

Abstract: In an information transmission method, a sending device sends a data frame to a receiving device. The data frame occupies a transmission resource block, a bandwidth occupied by the transmission resource block is greater than 160 MHz, and the data frame comprises resource unit RU allocation information. The sending device determines indication information based on a resource block size indicated by the RU allocation information and a location of a 160 MHz channel within the bandwidth occupied by the transmission resource block, with the 160 MHz channel having more data tones in the transmission resource block. The sending device determines a response resource block based on the indication information and the RU allocation information, and then receives an acknowledgment frame for the data frame from the receiving device on the response resource block.

Abstract: A signal field indication method and apparatus are provided. The method includes: generating, by a transmit end, a PPDU, where the PPDU includes a SIG-A indication field, and the SIG-A indication field includes at least one of a field used to indicate a number of SIG-A information symbols and a field used to indicate a SIG-A information bandwidth; and sending, by the transmit end, the PPDU. According to the method provided in this application, the transmit end may indicate different numbers of SIG-A information symbols and/or different SIG-A information bandwidths.