Abstract: A multi-domain liquid crystal display device includes first and second substrates having pixel regions; a liquid crystal layer formed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a plurality of dielectric structures formed on the first substrate at predetermined intervals; and a pixel electrode having a plurality of electric field induction windows formed to alternate with the dielectric structures.

Abstract: A multi-domain liquid crystal display device includes first and second substrates, a plurality of gate lines on the first substrate in a first direction, a plurality of data lines formed in a second direction to cross the first direction, a plurality of thin film transistors formed in a portion where the gate lines cross the data lines, a plurality of pixel regions divided into at least one or more domains between neighboring gate and data lines, a plurality of pixel electrodes in each pixel region to be connected with the thin film transistors, at least one dielectric structure on the second substrate, a plurality of light-shielding layers formed in a boundary region of the domains and a region where the dielectric structure exists, on at least one of the first and second substrates, an alignment film on at least one of the first and second substrates, and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus for enhanced light transmission through a perforated metal film is provided. The apparatus comprises a metal film having a first surface and a second surface, at least one aperture provided in the metal film and extending from the first surface to the second surface, and first and second dielectric layers. The first dielectric layer is provided substantially adjacent to the first metal film surface, and the second dielectric layer is provided substantially adjacent to the second metal film surface. The respective refractive indices of the first and second dielectric layers are substantially equal. Light incident on one of the surfaces of the metal film interacts with a surface plasmon mode on at least one of the surfaces of the metal film thereby enhancing transmission of light through the at least one aperture in the metal film.

Abstract: A rear roof rail reinforcement structure for automobile wherein a passage between an inner side panel at a corner side of the tailgate and an outer side panel is blocked to provide a reinforcing force, such that, in case an automobile is parked on a block of a footpath with only one wheel, a torsional stress is not applied to the tailgate to thereby facilite opening and closing of tailgate, and vibration generated from a running automobile is blocked by the passage to prevent in advance the noisy sound resounding phenomenon from being transmitted to a pillar panel, the rear roof rail reinforcement structure for automobile, the rear roof rail for automobile where an inner side panel and an outer side panel are detachably formed at a predetermined space therebetween, a rear roof lower rail is overlapped by and welded to the inner side panel and the outer side panel is overlapped by and welded to a rear roof upper rail and a roof panel, wherein the rear roof lower rail is bent at a tip end thereof and welded to

Abstract: An apparatus for correcting a non-linear characteristic in a display device to keep the number of displayable colors as it is and to unify a picture quality for each product. In the apparatus, a bias voltage to be applied to a digital to analog converter converting a digital image signal into an analog image signal is changed in accordance with a logical value of the digital image signal. Accordingly, the apparatus generates an analog image signal in which the non-linear characteristic in the display device is compensated.

Abstract: DRAM and SRAM devices have a NAND interface mode (pins whose address and data are identical to one another are commonly used), directly being coupled to buses (an address/data bus and a control bus) of a NAND-type flash memory device that is connected to a microprocessor. Upon such a common interface mode, a DRAM device, an SRAM device, a NAND-type flash memory device, and a NOR-type flash memory device have the identical interface mode, and are independently (or individually) controlled by only one memory controller.

Abstract: A method of forming an interlayer dielectric layer of a semiconductor device and an interlayer dielectric layer using the same. By the method, a semiconductor substrate formed metal interconnect lines thereon is provided, a first insulating layer of a low dielectric material is formed on the semiconductor substrate, by a spin coating, and a second insulating layer of a low dielectric material is formed on the first insulating layer, by the high density plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The second insulating layer is planarized through a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for forming a bubble within a microchannel of a microinjector to function as a valve mechanism between the chamber and manifold, that provides for a high resistance to liquid exiting the chamber through the manifold during fluid ejection through an orifice and that also provides a low resistance to refilling of liquid into the chamber after ejection of fluid and collapse of the bubble. This effectively minimizes cross talk between adjacent chambers and increases injection frequency of the microinjector. The formation of a second bubble within the chamber coalesces with a first formed bubble between the chamber and manifold to abruptly terminate the ejection of fluid, thereby eliminating satellite droplets.

Abstract: A PCB having oval solder ball lands, and a BGA semiconductor package produced using such a PCB, are disclosed. The PCB has a plurality of conductive traces forming circuit patterns on at least one of an upper and a lower surface of a resin substrate. A plurality of solder ball lands are formed on the lower surface of the substrate and are electrically connected to respective upper surface conductive traces. At least a portion of the solder ball lands have an oval shape and a major axis. The oval solder ball lands are oriented such that their major axes are either radially directed relative to a center of the substrate, perpendicularly directed relative to a side edge of the substrate, or both radially and perpendicularly directed relative the center and a side edge of the substrate, respectively.

Abstract: A liquid crystal cell having a first substrate with a rubbed layer provided thereon, a second substrate with a photo-aligned layer provided thereon, and a liquid crystal material provided between the substrates.

Abstract: Camptothecin derivatives and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, its manufacturing method and an antineoplastic agent containing it. The camptothecin derivatives are modified in B-ring and E-ring and show improved water solubility and enhanced antineoplastic effect.

Abstract: A method for improving process time and speech quality of G.723.1 and reducing bit rate in a CLEP (Code Excited Linear Prediction) voice coder (or, called as vocoder) includes: a method of searching MP-MLQ fixed codebook through bit predetermination includes the steps of generating a target vector with amplitude, reducing time to search an optimal pulse array through the bit predetermination and searching all of pulses if two errors have an identical value; a formant post-filtering method of extracting a reflection coefficient of a slope compensation filter to apply a multi-degree slope compensation thereto; a pitch post-filtering method including an energy level standardization step and a step of generating a signal approximate to an average energy level; a VAD algorithm method using an energy, a pitch gain and a LSP distance; and a method of enhancing a processing time of G.723.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device for improving the transmission data rate of a data input and output bus, and a memory module including the same, are provided. The memory module includes a plurality of clock synchronous memory devices that share a single data bus line. More specifically, the memory module includes a printed circuit board having an electrical connector including the data bus line, a first set of synchronous memory devices arrayed on the printed circuit board, a second set of synchronous memory devices arrayed on the print circuit board, and a clock signal generator electrically connected to the first and second set of synchronous memory devices. The clock signal generator operates to receive a clock signal from the electrical connector and to generate a first clock signal that is matched with the received clock signal and a second clock signal that is delayed with respect to the received clock signal for half the period of the received clock signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of menu-based control of external devices connected to a digital audio/video apparatus. According to this invention, in response to user's request of a menu for selection of the external devices that have been connected to the digital audio/video apparatus, a menu image is displayed on the digital audio/video apparatus, each menu item corresponding to each of the connected external device. When one of the external devices is selected from the menu, a menu image including menu items for executing operations of the selected external device is requested and displayed on the digital audio/video apparatus. The operations of the selected external device can be selected and executed from the menu. This invention allows a user to conveniently, centrally examine and execute various operations or functions of external devices such as a DVD player that are connected to a central digital audio/video apparatus without the direct access to the external devices.

Abstract: A yoke unit connects two shaft arranged at a predetermined angle. The yoke unit has a pair of yoke portions receiving an input shaft, a clamp for clamping the input shaft, a bush disposed around the clamp, and an insert inserted into a space between the yoke portions and coupled to the bush. When the shaft is received in the yoke portions, the bush is inserted into through holes of the yoke portions such that the bush is positioned on a recess of the input shaft. The clamp passes through the bush and is screwed to any one of through holes of the yoke portions. The bush prevents the input shaft from moving an axial direction. The insert prevents the yoke portions from deforming when the clamp is fastened and when an external impact is applied to the yoke portions. A friction between the yoke unit and the input shaft can be reduced by the bush and the abrasion of the bolt and the shaft can be reduced.

Abstract: A metal cooling tube of a water-cooled nuclear reactor, having an inner surface thereof exposed to an aqueous cooling medium containing hydrogen peroxide. The cooling tube has its inner surface coated with matter selected from the group consisting of the element manganese, molybdenum, zinc, copper, cadmium for absorbing such hydrogen peroxide and then affecting decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide in the aqueous medium. In preferred embodiment such coating is manganese and oxides thereof. A method for lowering the electrochemical corrosion potential of a metal allow cooling tube exposed to an aqueous medium in a water-cooled nuclear reactor is also disclosed. Such method comprises the step of coating an inner surface of such tube with matter selected from the group of elements comprising manganese, molybdenum, zinc, copper, cadmium, so as to permit absorption and hydrogen peroxide in such aqueous medium and effect decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in such aqueous medium.

Abstract: A semiconductor device having improved metal line structure has a first dielectric layer formed on a semiconductor substrate, a metal film pattern formed on the first dielectric layer, an interface protection layer on the metal film pattern, and a second dielectric layer on the interface protection layer, wherein the second dielectric layer contains a reactive material, e.g., fluorine, which is prevented by the interface protection layer from diffusing to the metal film pattern and reacting with the metal in the metal film pattern to form a damage film, e.g., metal fluoride, which is a highly resistive material that, if formed on the semiconductor device, would reduce the reliability of the metal film pattern and thus reduce the reliability of the semiconductor device as a whole.

Abstract: A closed-caption broadcasting and receiving method and apparatus. According to the closed-caption broadcasting method and apparatus, additional information is inputted and the input of word information is checked. If the word information is inputted, it is selected, while if not, the additional information is selected. Thereafter, character information and control information of the selected information are inputted. A control code of 2 words is obtained by combining the control information with a mode control bit and a parity bit, and the character code of 2 words including a syllable character completion type code is obtained by combining the character information with a mode control bit and a parity bit. A digital-modulated caption signal is produced by inputting the control code and the character code, and is coded in a scanning line which does not affect a television video signal to be transmitted.

Abstract: An HDTV receiver is disclosed including a tuning portion for selecting one of a plurality of RF signals received, and converting a selected RF signal into an intermediate frequency signal; a demodulator/FPLL for demodulating the intermediate frequency signal output from the tuning portion into a baseband signal in which the frequency and phase are locked, and outputting an AFC signal; a first local oscillator for forming a frequency signal which can be varied from a reference frequency to a specific frequency, and outputting the thus-formed frequency signal to the demodulator/FPLL; and a VSB filter for VSB-filtering the baseband signal output from the demodulator/FPLL.