Abstract: A read-only recording medium and a reproducing method thereof, are discussed. According to an embodiment, the read-only recording medium includes a plurality of data units recorded on the read-only recording medium, each data unit connected by a linking data unit having a predetermined size, wherein the linking data unit is identified by an identifier.

Abstract: A recording medium, such as a high-density and/or read-only recording medium including a data area including at least two data sections and a linking area to link neighboring data sections, the linking area including at least two frame sync signals, where values of the at least two frame sync signals maintain uniqueness, and to methods and apparatuses for forming, recording, and reproducing the recording medium.

Abstract: A method for recording data on a recording medium having one or more recording layers. The method includes reading control information having a plurality of control information units for controlling recording/reproducing of data from the recording medium. The control information unit includes an identifier of the recording layer to which the control information unit applies and a recording velocity applicable to the corresponding recording layer. A sequence of the information units is ordered according to the recording velocity and the recording layer identifier.

Abstract: In one embodiment the method includes reading speed information from a specific area of the recording medium. The speed information includes one or more speed flags to indicate whether a corresponding speed is applicable to the recording medium. A first speed flag for a first recording speed lower than a second recording speed is set to be dependent on a second speed flag for the second recording speed. Data is recorded on a main data area of the optical recording medium based on the read speed information.

Abstract: A high-density optical disc, a method for encrypting data and recording the encrypted data thereon, and a method for reproducing the encrypted data recorded thereon. Data recorded on a high-density optical disc such as a Blu-ray disc-read only memory (BD-ROM) is recorded in a discontinuous recording format as on a high-density rewritable optical disc such as a Blu-ray disc rewritable (BD-RE). Data can be encrypted and recorded using synchronous data, address unit number (AUN) information or disc radius information recorded in the high-density optical disc. An optical disc apparatus such as a BD-ROM player can maintain reproduction compatibility with the high-density rewritable optical disc such as the BD-RE. A user holding an optical disc apparatus such as a BD-RE recorder, etc. can be prevented from unlawfully copying data recorded on the high-density optical disc and reproducing the copied data.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of managing a defective area of an optical disc recordable at high speed, recording/reproducing method thereof, and recording/reproducing apparatus thereof, by which an accurate decision of the defective area is provided. Moreover, as optimal recording speed is applicable to re-recording in a specific section, thereby enabling to secure high reliance of data. In an optical disc provided with a defect management area for defect management within a high-speed recordable disc, the present invention includes verifying whether the defective area is generated in performing a recording at high speed, re-verifying presence or non-presence of defect of a corresponding area by changing a recording speed into low speed if the defective area is generated at the high speed, and recording to manage in the defect management area a location information of an area decided as the defective area at the high speed but as a non-defective area at the low speed.

Abstract: A dielectric structure includes a first dielectric layer, a buffer oxide layer and a second dielectric layer. The lower dielectric layer has a material having a perovskite structure including titanium and is formed on a substrate. The buffer oxide layer is formed on the first dielectric layer. The second dielectric layer has a perovskite structure including titanium and is formed on the buffer oxide layer.

Abstract: A method of controlling a copy-back operation of a flash memory device including multi-level cells. In the method, the copy-back operation can be executed even without an additional storage space. Accordingly, a program time can be shortened and operational performance of a flash memory device can be improved.

Abstract: A method for evaluating an anti-contamination level on a surface of optical recording medium is disclosed. The method includes forming an artificial fingerprint on the surface by contacting a stamp having an artificial material adhered thereto on an optical recording medium, and measuring a symbol error rate (SER) of the formed artificial fingerprint, to determine a sensitivity of the fingerprint and determining whether the optical recording medium is of good quality or bad quality depending upon the measured SER.

Abstract: The present invention provides a disc cartridge assembly, by which loading/unloading of a disc is facilitated to enable both one use in a cartridge state and the other a use as a single disc entity. The present invention includes a lower case having a window for a drive access, an upper case provided onto the lower case, the upper case having an exposure window provided to a central part to expose a label face of a disc, a rotating ring rotatably provided within the upper and lower cases to receive an outer circumference of the disc, at least one shutter provided within the upper and lower cases to open/close the window by interoperating with a rotation of the rotating ring, and a rotating means for rotating the rotating ring by interoperating with an external device.

Abstract: A distributed translator and an operation method of the distributed translator are proposed. The distributed translator includes: a demodulator demodulating a received signal to extract a transport stream and synchronization information from the received signal; a modulator generating an output frame based on the synchronization information to modulate the output frame; and a transmitter transmitting the modulated output frame according to a transmission timing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an advertisement display method using an application program and an advertisement management device for performing the advertisement display method. In the advertisement display method of the present invention, whether an application program is running in a terminal is determined. The application program is identified. A location at which an advertisement is to be posted in an execution window output through running of the application program is determined. An advertisement to be arranged at the advertisement posting location of the execution window is searched for. A found advertisement is inserted in the execution window and outputting the execution window.

Abstract: A recording medium, such as a high-density and/or read-only recording medium including a data area including at least two data sections and a linking area to link neighboring data sections, the linking area including dummy data, and to methods and apparatuses for forming, recording, and reproducing the recording medium.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for transmitting section data and a method and apparatus for receiving section data. The method of receiving updated additional data from among additional data related to a broadcasting service includes: receiving an update information list including information regarding updates of the additional data; and receiving at least one of updated additional data based on the received update information list.

Abstract: The present invention relates to method and apparatus of converting a series of data words into modulated signals. This method divides a data word, which a sync signal is to be added in front or rear of when it is written in a recording medium, into two or more word segments, generates for each word segment a number of intermediate sequences by combining mutually different digital words with that word segment, scrambles these intermediate sequences to form alternative sequences, translates each alternative sequence into a (d,k) constrained sequence, checks how many undesired sub-sequences are contained in each (d,k) constrained sequence, and selects one (d,k) constrained sequence for recording on an optical or magneto-optical recording medium among the (d,k) constrained sequences not having the undesired sub-sequence. Applying this method to a modulating device, DSV control can be conducted by much simpler hardware.

Abstract: A welding wire weaving apparatus for a submerged arc welding carriage includes a truck running in a welding direction, a control panel controlling parameters required for welding and weaving operations, a welding wire reel mounting a welding wire thereon, a welding wire supplier supplying the welding wire to an upper part of a member to be welded, a weaver unit weaving the welding wire transversely, a supplier supporting shaft supporting the welding wire supplier at an upper part of the truck, and a weaver unit connection bar connecting the weaver unit to the supplier supporting shaft. The welding wire supplier includes a supply guiding roller, a compressive supplying roller, a welding wire guide bundle, a needle bearing, a welding wire guide bundle and an insulator formed between the needle bearing and the welding wire guide bundle.

Abstract: A page buffer circuit of a memory device including a plurality of Multi-Level Cells (MLCs) connected to at least a pair of bit lines includes a Most Significant Bit (MSB) latch, a Least Significant Bit (LSB) latch, a data I/O circuit, an inverted output circuit, a MSB verification circuit, and a LSB verification circuit. The MSB latch is configured to sense a voltage of a sensing node in response to a control signal and store an upper sensing data, and output an inverted upper sensing data, or store an input data and output an inverted input data. The LSB latch is configured to sense a voltage of the sensing node in response to the control signal, and store and output a lower sensing data, or store and output an input data received through the MSB latch. The data I/O circuit is connected to the MSB latch and a data I/O line, and is configured to perform the input and output of a sensing data or the input and output of a program data.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of recording identification information in an optical disc, by which specified disc identification information can be uniformly applicable to efficiently cope with the recording/reproducing of the optical disc. The present invention includes recording a disc identification information in a management area of the optical disc wherein the disc identification information identifies a disc type identified according to a disc surface protecting scheme including presence or non-presence of a protective coating, disc surface test completion, or cartridge use necessity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-density disk that is structured to prevent a collision of an optical pickup's objective lens with the high-density disk if the disk is placed upside down in a disk device that is able to record and reproduce signals to/from the high-density disk. A high-density disk recording medium according to the present invention is structured such that, wherein a recording layer having high-density pit patterns is offset from a center plane of disk thickness, both sides of a clamping zone bisected by the center plane have differing thicknesses. One or both sides may protrude from surface of the disk recording medium, or one side of the clamping zone may protrude from the surface while the other side is indented below the surface.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter comprises a current supplier, a current divider dividing current supplied from the current supplier into certain amounts, an inverter outputting inverted signals of input signals and non-inverted signals, a switch controlling a flow of the current divided into the certain amounts by the current divider according to the inverted signals and the non-inverted signals, and a current output block adding up the current divided into the certain amounts according to the non-inverted signals to output an analog signal. The digital-to-analog converter can be implemented on a small chip area with desired resolution.