Abstract: A piezoelectric oscillator, and method of making the same, includes an oscillation substrate comprising an oscillating part and a surrounding part, wherein a the surrounding part is thinner than the oscillating part, and oscillating electrodes disposed on an upper surface and a lower surface of the oscillating part. The oscillation substrate is configured according to H=400.59×X+1.75±1.5, wherein H=100×(T2/T1) and S=T2/(L1?L2), wherein L1 represents an entire length of the oscillation substrate, L2 represents a length of the oscillating part, T1 represents a thickness of the oscillating part, and T2 represents a step height between the oscillating part and the surrounding part.

Abstract: A crystal oscillator package includes a crystal piece configured to vibrate in response to an electrical signal, a first vibrating part protruding from an upper surface of the crystal piece, a second vibrating part protruding from a lower surface of the crystal piece, a first exciting electrode disposed on the first vibrating part, a second exciting electrode disposed on the second vibrating part, and protrusions extending from an end portion of the lower surface of the crystal piece. The protrusions include two or more stages.

Abstract: Provided is a power management device which includes a first regulator, a second regulator and a control register unit. The first regulator provides a first driving voltage to a first power domain of an application processor. The second regulator provides a second power domain of the application processor with a second driving voltage having a correlation with the first driving voltage. The control register unit controls, in response to a command from the application processor, a reference voltage generation circuit that provides a first reference voltage and a second reference voltage to the first regulator and the second regulator, respectively. The level of the first driving voltage is maintained in a first driving mode. The first driving voltage and the second driving voltage have a set voltage difference in a second driving mode.

Abstract: There is provided a crystal oscillator package including: a crystal oscillator on which excitation electrodes are provided; one or more leg members extended from the crystal oscillator; and conductive adhesive members provided to connect the leg members and connection pads to each other, whereby the vibrational reliability of the crystal oscillator may be improved.

Abstract: There is provided a piezoelectric vibration member including: a vibration substrate including a vibrating portion and a surrounding portion which is thinner than the vibrating portion; and vibrating electrodes disposed on one surface and the other surface of the vibrating portion in a thickness direction, wherein the vibrating portion includes protrusion portions protruding in relation to one surface and the other surface of the surrounding portion in the thickness direction, and at least one side surface of the protrusion portion has two or more crystal planes.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided, which includes an antenna; and a communication processor configured to transmit and receive a first signal corresponding to a first frequency band through the antenna, and to perform one of transmitting and receiving a second signal corresponding to a second frequency band through the antenna.

Abstract: A device capable of controlling a supply voltage and a supply frequency using information of a manufacturing process variation includes a data storage device storing data indicating performance of the device, a decoder decoding the data stored in the data storage device and outputting decoded data, and a frequency control block outputting a frequency controlled clock signal in response to the decoded data output from the decoder. The device further includes a voltage control block outputting a level controlled supply voltage in response to the decoded data. The voltage control block outputs a body bias control voltage controlling a body bias voltage of at least one of a plurality of transistors embodied in the semiconductor device in response to the decoded data. The performance is operational speed of the device or leakage current of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: An integrated circuit, a method of controlling an operation timing of a memory device, an application processor, and a power manager are provided. The application processor includes: a power manager configured to determine a first operating power level, from among a plurality of operating power levels, to determine a first timing margin corresponding to the first operating power level, to generate a first gray code signal indicating the first timing margin, and to output the first gray code signal; and a first memory device configured to adjust an operation timing according to the first timing margin indicated by the first gray code signal, wherein the power manager is configured to provide the first operating power level to the first memory device.

Abstract: Provided is a power management device which includes a first regulator, a second regulator and a control register unit. The first regulator provides a first driving voltage to a first power domain of an application processor. The second regulator provides a second power domain of the application processor with a second driving voltage having a correlation with the first driving voltage. The control register unit controls, in response to a command from the application processor, a reference voltage generation circuit that provides a first reference voltage and a second reference voltage to the first regulator and the second regulator, respectively. The level of the first driving voltage is maintained in a first driving mode. The first driving voltage and the second driving voltage have a set voltage difference in a second driving mode.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a quartz crystal vibrator including an AT-cut quartz crystal piece having a long side in an X axis direction and including first and second crystal planes formed on at least one side surface thereof in a Y? axis direction, and an electrode layer formed on the AT-cut quartz crystal piece.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices are provided that include spacers on sidewalls of conductive lines, as well as methods for manufacturing the same. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device includes forming bit lines on a semiconductor substrate. Triple-layered bit line spacers are formed on respective sidewalls of the bit lines. An interlayer insulation layer is formed on the bit lines and the triple-layered bit line spacers. Storage node contact plugs that penetrate the interlayer insulation layer are formed between the bit lines. Portions of the triple-layered bit line spacers are etched to form recessed regions. An insulation layer is formed on the substrate including the recessed regions. Storage node electrodes electrically connected to the storage node contact plugs are formed.

Abstract: Provided is a driving apparatus for a camera lens assembly, the driving apparatus including a lens assembly portion which includes a magnetic object and a support member, a driving base portion which includes a coil portion for generating a driving force to correspond to the magnetic object, and a position sensor portion positioned in the driving base portion eccentrically to a side from a center of the magnetic object.

Abstract: A photovoltaic power conditioning system and method is provided. The system includes an isolated DC/DC converter (41), a DC/AC inverter (42), and a sine filter (43). The isolated DC/DC converter (41) receives a DC voltage from a solar cell through a parallel connection structure and converts the DC voltage into another DC voltage and then outputs the converted DC voltage through a series connection structure. The DC/AC inverter (42) converts the DC voltage output from the isolated DC/DC converter into an AC voltage. The sine filter (43) performs sine filtering on the AC voltage output from the DC/AC inverter and outputs the filtered AC voltage. The system employs a topology allowing it to be responsible for part of the output capacity, thereby significantly reducing the required capacity and increasing the system efficiency, so that the system can be applied to small and large-capacity photovoltaic power generation.

Abstract: A method of controlling a battery system includes transmitting a synchronizing signal from a first battery management system (BMS) to a plurality of second BMSs, receiving response signals from the second BMSs, and transmitting identification (ID) information from the first BMS to respective ones of the second BMSs after the response signals are received. The first BMS receives response signals from the second BMSs when corresponding battery trays are connected. The ID information for the second BMSs are different from one another.

Abstract: A piezoelectric vibration element and a vibration element package having the same are disclosed.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices are provided that include spacers on sidewalls of conductive lines, as well as methods for manufacturing the same. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device includes forming bit lines on a semiconductor substrate. Triple-layered bit line spacers are formed on respective sidewalls of the bit lines. An interlayer insulation layer is formed on the bit lines and the triple-layered bit line spacers. Storage node contact plugs that penetrate the interlayer insulation layer are formed between the bit lines. Portions of the triple-layered bit line spacers are etched to form recessed regions. An insulation layer is formed on the substrate including the recessed regions. Storage node electrodes electrically connected to the storage node contact plugs are formed.

Abstract: Provided is a driving apparatus for a camera lens assembly, the driving apparatus including a lens assembly portion which includes a magnetic object and a support member, a driving base portion which includes a coil portion for generating a driving force to correspond to the magnetic object, and a position sensor portion positioned in the driving base portion eccentrically to a side from a center of the magnetic object.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device package may include: a case having a plurality of terminals formed on a lower surface thereof; a piezoelectric device formed in the case; a temperature measuring device formed on the lower surface of the case and having a thin film form; and a cover member enclosing an upper portion of the case.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device package may include: a case having a plurality of terminals disposed on a lower surface thereof; a piezoelectric device disposed in the case; a temperature measuring device disposed on one surface of the piezoelectric device in the case and having a thin film form; and a cover member enclosing an upper portion of the case.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices including spacers on sidewalls of conductive lines are provided. The semiconductor device includes bit lines on a semiconductor substrate, a storage node contact plug penetrating an insulation layer between the bit lines, triple-layered bit line spacers between the bit lines and the storage node contact plugs, and storage node electrodes on the storage node contact plugs. Each of the triple-layered bit line spacers includes a first spacer adjacent to one of the bit lines, a third spacer adjacent to the storage node contact plugs and a second spacer between the first and third spacers. The second spacer includes a lower portion having a lower dielectric constant than the first and third spacers and an upper portion having the same material as the first and third spacers. Related methods are also provided.