Abstract: A test apparatus includes a test fuse unit for generating a test fuse signal in response to a test mode signal during a test time and generating a test fuse signals according to a fuse cutting after a termination of the test time, a combination signal generating unit for storing a test signal and inactivating a combination signal when the test mode signal is inactivate and for outputting the stored test signal as the combination signal when the test mode signal is activate, and a code signal generating unit for activating a test code signal when one of the test fuse signal and the combination signal is activated.

Abstract: A pumping voltage generating circuit of a semiconductor memory apparatus, the pumping voltage generating circuit includes a detecting unit configured to compare a level of a pumping voltage with a level of a reference voltage to generate a detection signal, an oscillating signal generator configured to sequentially generate a first oscillating signal and a second oscillating signal in response to the detection signal, and to elevate frequencies of the first and second oscillating signals when the second oscillating signal is generated, a first pump configured to perform a pumping operation in response to the first oscillating signal, and a second pump configured to perform a pumping operation in response to the second oscillating signal, wherein output terminals of the first pump and the second pump are commonly connected, and the pumping voltage is output at the output terminals of the first pump and the second pump.

Abstract: A pumping voltage generating circuit of a semiconductor memory apparatus, the pumping voltage generating circuit includes a detecting unit configured to compare a level of a pumping voltage with a level of a reference voltage to generate a detection signal, an oscillating signal generator configured to sequentially generate a first oscillating signal and a second oscillating signal in response to the detection signal, and to elevate frequencies of the first and second oscillating signals when the second oscillating signal is generated, a first pump configured to perform a pumping operation in response to the first oscillating signal, and a second pump configured to perform a pumping operation in response to the second oscillating signal, wherein output terminals of the first pump and the second pump are commonly connected, and the pumping voltage is output at the output terminals of the first pump and the second pump.

Abstract: A protective circuit for a secondary battery pack advantageously having a simple circuit configuration while maintaining the safety of banks in the circuit. Each protective circuit has banks adapted to be charged or to discharge voltage, each bank being coupled to a controller that senses the charging or discharging voltage of the bank and outputs a predetermined value if overcharging or over-discharging is sensed. A level shifter is adapted to shift the voltage output from the controller to an adjusted voltage approximately equal to the voltage output from one of the other controllers. A switching means controls the stopping of charging or discharging of the banks.

Abstract: A test apparatus includes a test fuse unit for generating a test fuse signal in response to a test mode signal during a test time and generating a test fuse signals according to a fuse cutting after a termination of the test time, a combination signal generating unit for storing a test signal and inactivating a combination signal when the test mode signal is inactivate and for outputting the stored test signal as the combination signal when the test mode signal is activate, and a code signal generating unit for activating a test code signal when one of the test fuse signal and the combination signal is activated.

Abstract: A charge pumping circuit consumes less current by reducing the number of charge pumps operating simultaneously. The charge pumping circuit includes a voltage sensor that detects a level of a high voltage and outputs a control signal based on the detection result. An oscillator provides an oscillating clock signal in response to the control signal of the voltage sensor, and the oscillator sequentially outputs the clock signal as a plurality of clock signals having shifted phases A plurality of high-voltage pumps are disposed in a plurality of regions to pump the high voltage in response to the clock signals and a different phase is designated for each region.

Abstract: A smart battery pack and a method for recognizing the battery type using the same. The smart battery pack includes at least one battery cell coupled to an external set via positive and negative electrode terminals. A timer circuit is coupled to the external set via a data terminal and is adapted to apply a predetermined timer circuit signal for a period of time when a predetermined signal is applied from the external set. A first switch is controlled by the timer circuit and applies electric power from the battery cell, and a register outputs a predetermined register signal causing a smart battery controller to output battery type information to the external set. The smart battery pack has only one data line between the smart battery pack and the external set (and one data terminal on each) facilitating communication between the devices while maintaining a reduced manufacturing cost.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a diffractive thin-film piezoelectric light modulator, in which a lower protective layer is formed on a lower support to prevent the lower support from being over-etched when etching, thus increasing the surface smoothness of the lower support and of a micro-mirror. In addition, a method of fabricating the diffractive thin-film piezoelectric light modulator is also provided.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery pack for portable electronic equipment is includes a battery coupled to a charge/discharge circuit and includes a a first substrate for mounting parts positioned on a high-current path and a second substrate for mounting peripheral circuits for controlling a charge/discharge of the battery. Accordingly, heat sensitive parts on low current paths may be thermally isolated from heat generating parts on high current paths.

Abstract: The present invention relates to diffractive light modulators and, more particularly, to a diffractive light modulator in which the lower support for mirrors is configured in consideration of the internal intrinsic stress of a mirror, thus improving the flatness of a mirror surface and enhancing the optical efficiency of the light modulator.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing an optical attenuator, a bonding medium layer of polymer is used to bond an actuator structure and a support structure. A silicon layer is provided with waveguides for transmitting optical signals from an optical signal transmission line and an activator is formed at a predetermined portion thereof. The waveguides are inserted into cavities of the bonding medium layer. A support layer is attached to the bonding medium layer at an opposite face to a face where the bonding medium layer is bonded with a silicon substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a cantilever-type PLC optical attenuator. The optical attenuator includes a base substrate made of silicon, an input waveguide, and output waveguide. Front portions of the upper and lower silicon substrates around the output waveguide are thinner than rear portions of the upper and lower silicon substrates around the output waveguide to provide a cantilever part having upper and lower cantilever substrate parts. A first electrode is provided on a bottom of the lower cantilever substrate part, and a second electrode is provided on the base substrate to electromagnetically correspond to the first electrode. When a voltage is applied between the first and second electrodes, the cantilever part moves up and down by an electromagnetic force, thus controlling the output light.

Abstract: A MEMS structure includes a floating space formed on the upper silicon layer by a first dry etching, and then dry etched to a predeterminded depth on the lower silicon layer by etching gas supplied through the etched holes from which the oxide film has been removed at the bottom surface thereof in a second dry etching process, so as to float the movable portion; and the oxide film for preventing electrical short circuit remaining on the lower surface of the movable portion so as to correspond to the lower silicon layer leaving the floating space therebetween.

Abstract: In a battery pack, first through nth secondary batteries, where n is an integer of 2 or more, are sequentially stacked from the pack output terminals. (n+2)th and (n+1)th secondary batteries are disposed from positions of pack output terminals in a row in a direction perpendicular to a direction the first through nth secondary batteries are arranged. First polarity terminals of (n+2)th and (n+1)th secondary batteries are connected to each other. A pack output terminal having a second polarity opposite to the first polarity and the second polarity terminals of nth, (n+1)th, and (n+2)th are connected in common by a conductive body. The second polarity terminals of (n+2)th and (n+1)th secondary batteries are connected to each other by a first conductive body. A second conductive body is connected to the pack output terminals having the second polarity connected at a first branch point of the first conductive body.

Abstract: Disclosed are a micro-actuator for improving driving force in proportion to voltage, a variable optical attenuator provided with the micro-actuator, and a method for manufacturing the same. The MEMS variable optical attenuator comprises a movable electrode arranged on a substrate and provided with a first comb portion moving in a vertical direction of the optical axes, fixed electrodes fixed to the substrate and provided with a second comb portion interdigitated with the first comb portion, and a dielectric material film with permittivity of more than 3 formed on facing side surfaces of teeth of at least one of the first and second comb portions. The variable optical attenuator increases electrostatic capacitance between the comb portions of the movable and fixed electrodes, thus improving driving force in proportion to voltage.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery pack for portable electronic equipment is includes a battery coupled to a charge/discharge circuit and includes a a first substrate for mounting parts positioned on a high-current path and a second substrate for mounting peripheral circuits for controlling a charge/discharge of the battery. Accordingly, heat sensitive parts on low current paths may be thermally isolated from heat generating parts on high current paths.

Abstract: In a battery pack, first through nth secondary batteries, where n is an integer which is 2 or more, are sequentially stacked from the pack output terminals. (n+2)th and (n+1)th secondary batteries are disposed from the positions of pack output terminals in a row in a direction perpendicular to a direction in which the first through nth secondary batteries are arranged. First polarity terminals of the (n+2)th and (n+1)th secondary batteries are connected to each other. A pack output terminal having a second polarity opposite to the first polarity and the second polarity terminals of the nth, the (n+1)th, and the (n+2)th are connected in common by a conductive body. In the above battery pack, the second polarity terminals of the (n+2)th and (n+1)th secondary batteries are connected to each other by a first conductive body.

Abstract: A method for forming a self aligned contact of a semiconductor device, comprises the steps of: forming a conductive line and a hard mask on a structure of a semiconductor substrate; forming spacers constructed by an insulation material on the sidewalls of the conductive line and the hard mask; forming an interlayer insulating layer on the resultant material and then etching the interlayer insulating layer at the contact part; forming an etching barrier layer on the surface of the substrate between the spacers; forming an uneven buffer layer on the resultant material, the uneven buffer deposited on the hard mask thickly and on the etching barrier layer thinly by using a material having a bad step coverage; and forming a self aligned contact by sequentially etching the uneven buffer layer and the etching barrier layer and then opening the surface of the substrate between the spacers.

Abstract: A method for forming a self aligned contact of a semiconductor device, comprises the steps of: forming a conductive line and a hard mask on a structure of a semiconductor substrate; forming spacers constructed by an insulation material on the sidewalls of the conductive line and the hard mask; forming an interlayer insulating layer on the resultant material and then etching the interlayer insulating layer at the contact part; forming an etching barrier layer on the surface of the substrate between the spacers; forming an uneven buffer layer on the resultant material, the uneven buffer deposited on the hard mask thickly and on the etching barrier layer thinly by using a material having a bad step coverage; and forming a self aligned contact by sequentially etching the uneven buffer layer and the etching barrier layer and then opening the surface of the substrate between the spacers.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an array of thin film actuated mirrors capable of ensuring an optimum optical efficiency is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: forming a thin film sacrificial layer on top of an active matrix; forming an array of semifinished actuating structures on top of the thin film sacrificial layer, wherein each of the semifinished actuating structures includes a thin film electrodisplacive member, a second thin film electrode and an elastic member; forming selectively a polymer layer; depositing a first thin film layer on top of each of the semifinished actuating structures; removing the polymer layer, thereby forming an array of actuating structures, each of the actuating structures having a first thin film electrode and the semifinished actuating structure; and removing the thin film sacrificial layer, thereby forming the array of thin film actuated mirrors.