Abstract: A lighting apparatus for providing illumination, comprising: a) an array of surface-emitting light sources, wherein each surface-emitting light source directs a source illumination beam, over a beam angle ?, toward an illumination plane; b) an array of beam spreading optical elements corresponding with the array of surface-emitting light sources, wherein refraction of the source illumination beam by each beam spreading optical element substantially satisfies a distribution function: dy/d?=ƒ(?) wherein y is a radial distance along the illumination plane from the optical axis of the beam-spreading optical element, dy is an arbitrarily small increment of the radial distance, d? is the angular increment of the beam angle corresponding to dy, and ƒ(?) is the distribution function for the angular distribution of the light source, such that each beam spreading optical element adjusts the luminous intensity of the source illumination beam from the corresponding surface-emitting light source to provide a uniformized

Abstract: This invention relates to a display apparatus comprising: a) a light source; b) a light guiding plate for transmitting light from the light source outward from a two-dimensional light-providing surface, one dimension of the light-providing surface defined in a width direction orthogonal to the path of incident light from the light source and the other dimension of the light-providing surface defined in a length direction, orthogonal to the width direction; c) a linear divergence reduction surface for reducing the divergence of light from the light providing surface predominantly with respect to the width direction, to provide a linearly divergence-reduced illumination, whereby divergence along the width direction at full-width half-maximum is less than about 50% of divergence at full-width half-maximum along the length direction; d) a liquid crystal display component for modulating the linearly divergence-reduced light to form a modulated light according to image data, and, e) a diffusing surface in the path

Abstract: A light extraction layer and a display having a light extraction layer are described.

Abstract: A brightness enhancement film comprises an array of tapered structures, each said tapered structure having a light input aperture and a larger light output aperture. The inner side-wall of each said tapered structure is adapted to reflect off-axis light from the light guiding plate incident at said input aperture to said output aperture.

Abstract: A light-redirecting article has a width and a length and has a light-redirecting surface with a plurality of light-redirecting structures elongated along the length of the light-redirecting article and arranged side-by-side. Each light-redirecting structure has a first side surface oriented away from a normal to the light-redirecting article at a first angle and a second side surface oriented away from a normal to the light-redirecting article at a second angle. The first and second side surfaces meet at an apex. The cross-sectional shape of each light-redirecting structure has at least one convex surface. For at least two adjacent light-redirecting structures, over the length of the at least two adjacent light-redirecting structures, the widthwise pitch between apexes of the adjacent light-redirecting structures varies by more than +/?3%.

Abstract: A brightness enhancement article (30) provides light from a two-dimensional surface. The brightness enhancement article (30) has a plurality of light collecting structures (32), wherein each light collecting structure (32) is longitudinally extended in a length direction along the surface. Each light collecting structure (32) has an input aperture (33) optically coupled to a light-providing surface and an output aperture (35) distal from the input aperture (33), wherein the output aperture (35) has a surface area that is larger than the surface area of the input aperture (33). A pair of curved side walls (38) extend from the output aperture (35) toward the input aperture (33). In a cross section taken orthogonally with respect to the length direction, the curved side walls (38) approximate a parabolic curvature.

Abstract: A brightness enhancement article and illumination system provides light from a two-dimensional surface. The brightness enhancement article has a plurality of light collecting structures wherein each light collecting structure is longitudinally extended in a length direction along the surface. The structures may have various lengthwise shapes such as being curved, concentric, radial, or of varying thickness.

Abstract: A ring illuminator (20) has a light channeling section (22) with an input face (24) optically coupling the light channeling section (22) to a flash unit (16) of a camera (12) for obtaining flash illumination therefrom. A ring section (26) is optically coupled to the light channeling section and extends around an aperture for fitting the ring illuminator around a lens (14). The ring section has a rear surface (30) for positioning toward the body of the camera. The rear surface has a plurality of light redirecting features (28) for redirecting at least a portion of the flash illumination from within the ring section outward from the camera, around the lens of the camera.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light redirecting polymeric film comprising a plurality of polymeric individual optical elements wherein the elements comprise curved wedge shaped features in the plane of the film, having a length in the range of 800 to 4000 micrometers.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to an optical turning film for providing light redirection, comprising: (a) an input surface for accepting incident light comprising a a plurality of roof prism structures arranged in a two-dimensional array; and, (b) a substantially planar output surface.

Abstract: A ring illuminator (20) has a light channeling section (22) with an input face (24) optically coupling the light channeling section (22) to a flash unit (16) of a camera (12) for obtaining flash illumination therefrom. A ring section (26) is optically coupled to the light channeling section and extends around an aperture for fitting the ring illuminator around a lens (14). The ring section has a rear surface (30) for positioning toward the body of the camera. The rear surface has a plurality of light redirecting features (28) for redirecting at least a portion of the flash illumination from within the ring section outward from the camera, around the lens of the camera.

Abstract: A brightness enhancement article (30) provides light from a two-dimensional surface. The brightness enhancement article (30) has a plurality of light collecting structures (32), wherein each light collecting structure (32) is longitudinally extended in a length direction along the surface. Each light collecting structure (32) has an input aperture (33) optically coupled to a light-providing surface and an output aperture (35) distal from the input aperture (33), wherein the output aperture (35) has a surface area that is larger than the surface area of the input aperture (33). A pair of curved side walls (38) extend from the output aperture (35) toward the input aperture (33). In a cross section taken orthogonally with respect to the length direction, the curved side walls (38) approximate a parabolic curvature.

Abstract: A brightness enhancement film comprises an array of tapered structures, each said tapered structure having a light input aperture and a larger light output aperture. The inner side-wall of each said tapered structure is adapted to reflect off-axis light from the light guiding plate incident at said input aperture to said output aperture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a series of pyrrolopyrimidinone derivatives, processes for their preparation, intermediates in their preparation, their use as therapeutic agents, and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Abstract: Disclosed are agents that inhibit histone deacetylase. More specifically, the present invention relates to novel hydroxamic acid derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for anticancer agents or other therapeutic agents based on their histone deacetylase inhibitory activity.