Abstract: In a level conversion circuit mounted in an integrated circuit device using a plurality of high- and low-voltage power supplies, the input to the differential inputs are provided. In a level-down circuit, MOS transistors that are not supplied with 3.3 V between the gate and drain and between the gate and source use a thin oxide layer. In a level-up circuit, a logic operation function is provided.

Abstract: A first plate member constitutes a part of a main frame of a liquid ejection apparatus. A second plate member is extended from the first plate member such that a first part thereof opposes to a traveling path of a carriage which carries a plurality of liquid containers each provided with an IC chip and a receiving antenna. A transmission antenna is provided on an antenna board. The antenna board is mounted on the first part of the second plate member. The second plate member is formed with a first region which allows the transmission antenna to establish radio communication with the receiving antenna, and a second region which shields radio waves.

Abstract: A process for producing pyromellitic acid which comprises oxidizing 2,4,5-trimethylbenzaldehyde and/or its oxidized derivative in the presence of a catalyst containing iron, manganese and bromine, or additionally containing zirconium or cerium continuously or semi-continuously using aqueous acetic acid solvent and 0.05-2% by weight of bromide ion. The catalyst used in the present invention has high activity, and the catalyst solution has low corrosive because the reaction is performed at low bromide concentration by using a solvent of aqueous acetic acid. So pyromellitic acid is produced industrially advantageously in high yield continuously or semi-continuously which has been a major difficulty up to now.

Abstract: In a level conversion circuit mounted in an integrated circuit device using a plurality of high- and low-voltage power supplies, the input to the differential inputs are provided. In a level-down circuit, MOS transistors that are not supplied with 3.3 V between the gate and drain and between the gate and source use a thin oxide layer. In a level-up circuit, a logic operation function is provided.

Abstract: A first plate member constitutes a part of a main frame of a liquid ejection apparatus. A second plate member is extended from the first plate member such that a first part thereof opposes to a traveling path of a carriage which carries a plurality of liquid containers each provided with an IC chip and a receiving antenna. A transmission antenna is provided on an antenna board. The antenna board is mounted on the first part of the second plate member. The second plate member is formed with a first region which allows the transmission antenna to establish radio communication with the receiving antenna, and a second region which shields radio waves.

Abstract: In a printer, in which printing is performed on a recording medium which is transported in a first direction, a carriage is reciprocately moved in a second direction which is perpendicular to the first direction. A print head is mounted on the carriage, and provided with a head face. A frame is placed in a first side of the print head. A guide plate extends in the second direction. The guide plate includes a first portion provided as a part of the frame so as to extend in a third direction which is orthogonal to both of the first direction and the second direction, a second portion continued from the first portion so as to extend in the first direction. The second portion supports the carriage so as to define a distance between the head face and the recording medium. The guide plate further includes a third portion continued from the second portion so as to extend in a fourth direction opposite to the third direction.

Abstract: The method for producing a granulated powder of the present invention includes the steps of: preparing an R—Fe—B alloy powder; and granulating the alloy powder using at least one kind of granulating agent selected from normal paraffins, isoparaffins and depolymerized oligomers, to prepare a granulated powder. The produced R—Fe—B alloy granulated powder is excellent in flowability and compactibility as well as in binder removability.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method for making the same that provide highly reliable and high density arrangement of a connecting region for an external connecting terminal, such as a bonding pad. Electrode layers are connected to each other through embedded conductive layers forming highly-superposed multi-layered structures without bumps. Openings are provided in a second electrode layer, a first insulating interlayer and a second insulating interlayer. The above layers are connected to each other through openings. A prop of the insulating interlayer film is formed between the third electrode layer and the first electrode layer. The props prevent cracks from forming in the insulating interlayers when a load is applied during wire-bonding.

Abstract: A temperature control method is provided which is capable of performing quick, accurate, and error-free soaking control over all wafer areas to be thermally treated at a target temperature without requiring any skilled operator and which can be automated by using a computer. In the temperature control method of controlling a heating apparatus having at least two heating zones in such a manner that temperatures detected at predetermined locations equal a target temperature therefor, temperatures are detected at predetermined locations the number of which is larger than the number of the heating zones, and the heating apparatus is controlled in such a manner that the target temperature falls between a maximum value and a minimum value of a plurality of detected temperatures.

Abstract: An optical waveguide device increases the intensity of light transmitted through an optical waveguide for a reduced cost without expanding the area of the light. The optical waveguide device according to the present invention includes an optical waveguide and defining surfaces defining the optical waveguide. The defining surfaces are formed of plasmon activating medium. The defining surface include a pair of inner parts that face each other along a direction perpendicular to a light transmission direction. The distance between the inner parts is less than the half of the wavelength of the light transmitted through the optical waveguide.

Abstract: A temperature control simulation method and apparatus for forming a temperature system simulation model on a computer, provide substantially the same response or simulation characteristics as a temperature change in an actual furnace, whereby a temperature control algorithm can be developed and the method or manner of manipulating the temperature control can be learned without using an actual furnace. A transfer function is determined which represents a relationship between a heater input and a temperature output. A temperature control simulation for a heating furnace is executed using the transfer function of a heating furnace as a transfer function that a temperature system simulation device uses.

Abstract: In a level conversion circuit mounted in an integrated circuit device using a plurality of high- and low-voltage power supplies, the input to the differential inputs are provided. In a level-down circuit, MOS transistors that are not supplied with 3.3 V between the gate and drain and between the gate and source use a thin oxide layer. In a level-up circuit, a logic operation function is provided.

Abstract: A hollow tube having a pair of openings which have their respective different diameters and arm opposed each other is prepared. Then, a pulsed laser beam is introduced into the hollow tube from the larger opening thereof and then, reflected multiply on the inner wall surface of the hollow tube. The introduced pulsed laser beam is focused during the traveling for the smaller opening of the hollow tube to generate a focused laser beam. The thus obtained focused laser beam is output from the smaller opening of the hollow tube.

Abstract: A hollow tube having a pair of openings which have their respective different diameters and are opposed each other is prepared. Then, a pulsed laser beam is introduced into the hollow tube from the larger opening thereof and then, reflected multiply on the inner wall surface of the hollow tube. The introduced pulsed laser beam is focused during the traveling for the smaller opening of the hollow tube to generate a focused laser beam. The thus obtained focused laser beam is output from the smaller opening of the hollow tube.

Abstract: In a level conversion circuit mounted in an integrated circuit device using a plurality of high- and low-voltage power supplies, the input to the differential inputs are provided. In a level-down circuit, MOS transistors that are not supplied with 3.3 V between the gate and drain and between the gate and source use a thin oxide layer. In a level-up circuit, a logic operation function is provided.

Abstract: In each node of an optical transmission system: an optical preamplifier has an ALC function for maintaining an optical output level constant and an AGC function for maintaining the gain constant; the operational mode of the optical preamplifier is changed from an ALC mode to an AGC mode after the gain is set in the ALC mode; an optical postamplifier has an AGC function; an optical switch unit performs an optical crossconnect operation; and a thru-light-shutoff control unit makes a switch setting so as to shut off pass-through light in the optical switch unit and stop transmission of an optical signal having an unstable level to a next stage when the optical preamplifier operates in the ALC mode, and clears the switch setting when the operational mode of the optical preamplifier is changed to the AGC mode.

Abstract: A WDM optical transmission apparatus is disclosed utilizing ASE light. The WDM optical transmission apparatus includes a pre-amplifier having two control modes consisting of ALC mode in which the gain of an optical amplifier is controlled such that the total output of the optical amplifier is constant for a multiplexed wavelength number n, and of AGC mode which is a control mode maintaining constant the ratio of an optical input level to an optical output level for the multiplexed wavelength number n; and a post-amplifier having two control modes consisting of ASE mode in which the gain of the post-amplifier is set higher than that in the AGC mode and is set such that the output level of ASE light corresponds to the multiplexed wavelength number n, and of the AGC mode; wherein in the ASE mode, the gain of the pre-amplifier in the WDM optical transmission apparatus at the next node is set under an ALC control utilizing ASE light output from the post-amplifier.

Abstract: A process for producing pyromellitic acid which comprises oxidizing 2,4,5-trimethylbenzealdehyde and/or its oxidized derivative in the presence of a catalyst containing iron, manganese and bromine, or additionally containing zirconium or cerium continuously or semi-continuously using aqueous acetic acid solvent and 0.05-2% by weight of bromide ion. The catalyst used in the present invention has high activity, and the catalyst solution has low corrosive because the reaction is performed at low bromide concentration by using a solvent of aqueous acetic acid. So pyromellitic acid is produced industrially advantageously in high yield continuously or semi-continuously which has been a major difficulty up to now.

Abstract: A pressure sensor has a sensor chip with a diaphragm formed therein and bumps formed thereon, and a stem with leads extending from a surface thereof to the sensor chip. The bumps and the leads are electrically connected by face down bonding so that a surface of the sensor chip faces the surface of the stem. In this manner, bonding wires are unnecessary. Therefore, an area for disposing the bonding wires in the stem can be cut down, so that the pressure sensor can be miniaturized.

Abstract: A process for refined pyromellitic anhydride which comprises dissolving crude pyromellitic acid or crude pyromellitic anhydride in water, then cooling an aqueous solution thus obtained to perform crystallization as pyromellitic acid, then separating a crystal thus obtained from water, then anhydrating the crystal of pyromellitic acid thus separated with heating to produce pyromellitic anhydride, then vaporizing pyromellitic anhydride thus produced, cooling vapor of pyromellitic anhydride thus obtained, and thereby, recovering a refined crystal of pyromellitic anhydride.