Abstract: In a communication system including first and second base stations, an apparatus operates as the first base station. The apparatus determines a first reference timing that is used as a reference timing for transmitting a downlink signal, and adjusts the determined first reference timing to a second reference timing being used in the second base station. The apparatus corrects a deviation of the first reference timing from the second reference timing, which has occurred after adjustment of the first reference timing, in accordance with a receiving timing of a preamble signal transmitted from a mobile station device to the second base station.

Abstract: A lens drive unit drives a focus lens. An imaging element obtains an image signal. An evaluation value calculation unit calculates an AF evaluation value from the image signal read out based on an interlace system. A determination unit determines whether the continuous AF evaluation values have a distribution of continuous increases and decreases. If the AF evaluation values are determined to have the distribution of continuous increases and decreases, an in-focus position calculation unit calculates an in-focus position by obtaining an interpolation curve from an intermediate value of the AF evaluation values adjacent to each other, otherwise, calculates the in-focus position by obtaining an interpolation curve of the AF evaluation value. A control unit drives the focus lens to the in-focus position.

Abstract: A casing structure of a water-cooled internal combustion engine includes a casing member defining an oil pump chamber and a water pump chamber. A rotor of an oil pump is inserted into the oil pump chamber and an impeller of a water pump is inserted into the water pump chamber. A cover member covers the casing member.

Abstract: A lens drive unit drives a focus lens. An imaging element obtains an image signal. An evaluation value calculation unit calculates an AF evaluation value from the image signal read out based on an interlace system. A determination unit determines whether the continuous AF evaluation values have a distribution of continuous increases and decreases. If the AF evaluation values are determined to have the distribution of continuous increases and decreases, an in-focus position calculation unit calculates an in-focus position by obtaining an interpolation curve from an intermediate value of the AF evaluation values adjacent to each other, otherwise, calculates the in-focus position by obtaining an interpolation curve of the AF evaluation value. A control unit drives the focus lens to the in-focus position.

Abstract: A base station includes an antenna, a sending unit, a monitoring unit, and a controlling unit. The antenna is configured to be operated corresponding to a communication area of the base station, the antenna being capable of controlling a tilt angle, the tilt angle being an angle made by a vertical direction and a direction of a main beam of the antenna. The sending unit is configured to send a command corresponding to adjustment of timing of sending a signal sent from a mobile station. The monitoring unit is configured to monitor the number of mobile stations present in the communication area by using the command. The controlling unit is configured to reduce the tilt angle when the number of mobile stations exceeds an upper limit allowed to be contained in the communication area.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display element in which the influence of an alignment defect occurring in the vicinity of an end portion of a slit on the display of a contour portion of a display pattern can be prevented or reduced.

Abstract: A semiconductor switch device and a method of manufacturing the semiconductor switch device are provided. The semiconductor switch device includes semiconductor elements on a single semiconductor substrate. At least one of the semiconductor elements constitutes a switch circuit and at least one other of the semiconductor elements constitutes a logic (connection) circuit. Each semiconductor element includes a recess, a gate electrode in the recess, a drain electrode, and a source electrode. In one representative aspect, the gate electrode in the switch circuit can have a rectangular external shape in section, and the gate electrode in the connection circuit has a shape in section other than rectangular.

Abstract: An interchangeable lens type digital camera includes a camera main body and an interchangeable lens. The camera main body includes a control section which communicates with an interchangeable lens, and controls focus adjustment of the interchangeable lens by a hill-climbing AF system. A judgment section judges a characteristic of the interchangeable lens on the basis of communication between the interchangeable lens and the control section. The interchangeable lens includes a focus lens for performing focus adjustment. A focus lens drive section drives the focus lens. A lens control section communicates with the control section, and controls the focus lens drive section to perform focus adjustment. The control section changes a previously determined drive enabled range of the focus lens on the basis of a judgment result of the judgment section to perform focus adjustment of the interchangeable lens.

Abstract: An interchangeable lens type digital camera includes a camera main body and an interchangeable lens. The camera main body includes a control section which communicates with an interchangeable lens, and controls focus adjustment of the interchangeable lens by a hill-climbing AF system. A judgment section judges a characteristic of the interchangeable lens on the basis of communication between the interchangeable lens and the control section. The interchangeable lens includes a focus lens for performing focus adjustment. A focus lens drive section drives the focus lens. A lens control section communicates with the control section, and controls the focus lens drive section to perform focus adjustment. The control section changes a previously determined drive enabled range of the focus lens on the basis of a judgment result of the judgment section to perform focus adjustment of the interchangeable lens.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting a short in an electrical distribution system are disclosed. In one embodiment, a determination is made as to whether a short condition is satisfied based on a change in a voltage in a wire harness coupled to a first side of a switch. The determination of whether a short exists is made in response to determining whether the short condition has been satisfied for at least a threshold time. The threshold time is dependent on a change in a voltage of the wire harness coupled to a second side of the switch.

Abstract: Antibacterial compositions containing either a calcium oxide.?-amino acid chelate compound or a calcium hydroxide.?-amino acid chelate compound or both of them. The compositions contain a high concentration of antibacterial calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, or a mixture of both, and moreover, a water solution thereof exhibits a low degree of pH. These compositions can be obtained by making calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, or a mixture of both react with .alpha.-amino acid in the presence of water.

Abstract: An LCD having a backlight is inserted in a shield for protecting various types of electronic components used in an electronic camera by shielding static electricity applied to the LCD, and the LCD is held by the shield. In this structure, thermal conductive rubber is interposed between a substrate on which an image capturing element is arranged, and the shield, so that the image capturing unit composed of the image capturing element and the substrate, and the shield are thermally bonded.

Abstract: Antibacterial compositions containing either a calcium oxide·&agr;-amino acid chelate compound or a calcium hydroxide·&agr;-amino acid chelate compound or both of them. The compositions contain a high concentration of antibacterial calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, or a mixture of both, and moreover, a water solution thereof exhibits a low degree of pH. These compositions can be obtained by making calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, or a mixture of both react with &agr;-amino acid in the presence of water.

Abstract: An LCD having a backlight is inserted in a shield for protecting various types of electronic components used in an electronic camera by shielding static electricity applied to the LCD, and the LCD is held by the shield. In this structure, thermal conductive rubber is interposed between a substrate on which an image capturing element is arranged, and the shield, so that the image capturing unit composed of the image capturing element and the substrate, and the shield are thermally bonded.

Abstract: The invention relates to a display system where polarized light rays from a display device impinge on a laminate at Brewster's angle or emerge therefrom at an angle equal to Brewster's angle. This laminate is a combination of a transparent platelike object and a functional film that is an optical rotatory film or a semitransparent film. The platelike object has a front major surface, facing the display device, and a back major surface. The display device has a polarizing member for polarizing light rays of the display device into S-wave or P-wave light rays. According to a first embodiment of the invention, the optical rotatory film is formed on the front or back major surface of the platelike object or in an inside of the platelike object, and S-wave light rays from the polarizing member are thrown against the front major surface of the laminate. With this, a part of the S-wave light rays is reflected from the front major surface of the laminate toward a viewer.

Abstract: A dual fuel nozzle is provided with two different size injection holes. The first injection holes have larger diameters and are used only for injecting gaseous fuel into a combustion chamber. On the other hand, the second injection nozzles have smaller diameters and are used for injecting either gaseous fuel or liquid fuel as required. When gaseous fuel is used, if the fuel injection amount is large or medium, both of the first and the second injection holes or first injection holes only are used for injecting gaseous fuel depending upon the required fuel injection amount. When the fuel injection amount is low, only the second injection hole is used for injecting gaseous fuel. Therefore, the pressure drop across the fuel nozzle can be kept at sufficiently high level even when the fuel injection amount is low, and thereby combustion vibration is suppressed. Further, when liquid fuel is used, a premixed fuel and steam mixture is injected from the second injection holes.

Abstract: In an automatic focus detecting apparatus, an image which is formed on an imaging device by a photographing lens is converted into a video signal containing a high frequency component. The video signal is read out for every field period VD while changing the image forming state on the imaging device, and the video signal is separated into three groups of video signal components sampled at 3 VD period, which is the least common multiple of the flicker period ({fraction (1/100)} second) of the light source and the field period VD ({fraction (1/60)} second). The peak positions of the three groups of the high frequency components are detected, and a curve of a contrast values is determined by an interpolation calculation that is performed on the basis of each peak position so as to detect the in-focus position of the photographing lens.

Abstract: The invention relates to a display system where polarized light rays from a display device impinge on a laminate at Brewster's angle or emerge therefrom at an angle equal to Brewster's angle. This laminate is a combination of a transparent platelike object and a functional film that is an optical rotatory film or a semitransparent film. The platelike object has a front major surface, facing the display device, and a back major surface. The display device has a polarizing member for polarizing light rays of the display device into S-wave or P-wave light rays. According to a first embodiment of the invention, the optical rotatory film is formed on the front or back major surface of the platelike object or in an inside of the platelike object, and S-wave light rays from the polarizing member are thrown against the front major surface of the laminate. With this, a part of the S-wave light rays is reflected from the front major surface of the laminate toward a viewer.

Abstract: In a central portion of inner tube 28 of combustor 20, pilot fuel nozzle 22 and pilot cone 33 are arranged and main fuel nozzles 21 and main swirlers 32 therearound. Air intake portion (X-1) is provided with rectifier tube 11 for making air intake uniform. In air intake portion (X-2), air holes of appropriate number of pieces are provided in circumferential wall of the inner tube 28. In main swirler portion (X-3) and pilot cone portion (X-4), bolt joint of the main swirlers 32 is employed and optimized welded structure having less influence of thermal stress of the pilot swirler 33 is employed, respectively. Tail tube cooling portion (X-5) is provided with cooling structure having less influence of thermal stress to cool flange 71 portion of tail tube 24 uniformly. By the improvements in the portions (X-1) to (X-5), obstacles in attaining higher temperature in the combustor 20 is dissolved and combustor performance is enhanced.

Abstract: A laminated transparent structure for a reflective display which is used, for example, as a head-up display of an automotive vehicle. The laminated transparent structure comprises a glass plate. A transparent layer is bonded to the glass plate. An optical rotation film is disposed between the glass plate and the transparent layer. Additionally, a hot-melt adhesive is disposed between the optical rotation film and the glass plate to bond the optical rotation film to the glass plate.