Abstract: The invention provides light emitting diode illumination source having excellent properties as an illumination source such as a flat spectral distribution in the wavelength region from green to red and a sufficient emission intensity in the red region, comprising a light emitting diode having multiple peaks with a half-value width of 20 nm or more within a range from 480 to 700 nm in a spectral distribution, wherein the minimum of the intensities of the valleys between the peaks in the wavelength range from 480 to 700 nm is 65% or more of the maximum peak intensity in the same range, and an illuminator and a backlight for a liquid crystal display using the illumination source.

Abstract: A backlight device (10) is provided with a strip-like light source (30) and a backlight frame (11). In the strip-like light source, a plurality of sub-mounts (40) are arranged in a row on a strip-like substrate having a short width and a long length. In the sub-mount, LEDs of each of red (R), green (G) and blue (B) or LEDs of RGGB are arranged as one unit. In the backlight frame, a plurality of strip-like light sources (30) are two-dimensionally arranged at intervals. The strip-like light sources (30) are arranged so that each position of the sub-mount (40) arranged on the strip-like light source (30) in a first row and each position of the sub-mount (40) arranged on the strip-like light source (30) in the adjacent second row are shifted in the longitudinal direction of the strip-like light source (30). Thus, a display device which has a remarkably reduced area of substrate having the light source rows and excellent uniformity of luminance and chromaticity is provided.

Abstract: A light guide member in which a light that has entered one major face from an illuminant is emitted from the other major face, is characterized by comprising: a cut portion provided with a specified face inclined toward the other face at a section of one major face that faces the illuminant, and a reflecting portion, which reflects a light emitted from the illuminant, on the inclined face.

Abstract: The luminous device mounting substrate, in which plural kinds of luminous devices with different luminance colors are mounted, is characterized by comprising a plurality of luminous device mounting portions each of which is for enclosing a luminous device corresponding to a luminance color, wherein the luminous device mounting portion has a configuration in which a plurality of luminous devices can be mounted on each luminous device mounting portion.

Abstract: The backlight system is provided with: a plurality of LED-substrates (12) equipped with a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) (21), a circuit that supplies driving current to the plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) (21), and metallic film islands that conduct heat generated by the plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) (21); a backlight frame (11) that loads the plurality of LED-substrates (12); and bolts (17) that fix the plurality of LED-substrates (12) on the backlight frame (11) and that conduct heat through the metallic film islands to the backlight frame (11).

Abstract: The display device includes: a display panel that displays an image; and a backlight that is disposed on a back surface of the display panel and emits light from the back surface of the display panel. The backlight includes: an output member that outputs incoming light to the display panel; and a light source that emits light to the output member from a side of the output member. The light source includes: plural board-shaped substrates that each have a light-emitting element mounted on a surface thereof; and a wiring board that is in contact with a side surface of each of the plural board-shaped substrates to hold, in an upright position, the plural board-shaped substrates which are arranged in a line, and that is arranged so that the each light-emitting element faces the side of the output member while the wiring board is electrically connected to the plural board-shaped substrates.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus, comprising: a processing chamber which provides a space for flowing desired gas and for depositing a desired film on a substrate; a lamp unit group having at least one lamp unit which is disposed in the processing chamber and which includes a filament for heating the substrate and a lamp tube surrounding the filament; at least first and second casings which surround the lamp unit, the first casing surrounding the lamp unit and the second casing surrounding the first casing; and a refrigerant flowing apparatus for flowing cooling medium to a first space formed between the lamp unit and the first casing, and to a second space formed between the first casing and the second casing, is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides light emitting diode illumination source having excellent properties as an illumination source such as a flat spectral distribution in the wavelength region from green to red and a sufficient emission intensity in the red region, comprising a light emitting diode having multiple peaks with a half-value width of 20 nm or more within a range from 480 to 700 nm in a spectral distribution, wherein the minimum of the intensities of the valleys between the peaks in the wavelength range from 480 to 700 nm is 65% or more of the maximum peak intensity in the same range, and an illuminator and a backlight for a liquid crystal display using the illumination source.

Abstract: Between each transparent pixel electrode driven by TFT as a drive device and a common electrode, a polymer layer located in contact with the transparent pixel electrode and electrically active to change in color by electrochemical oxidization or reduction and a polymeric solid electrolytic layer located in contact with the polymer layer and containing a coloring agent are interposed. Since electrochemical oxidization or reduction brings about a color change, the contrast and the black concentration can be enhanced, and bronzing after long-time use does not occur.

Abstract: A light-emitting body comprising a primary luminescent unit and a secondary luminescent unit that emits light owing to light emitted from the primary luminescent unit, wherein the secondary luminescent unit contains an iridium compound. As the iridium compound, an iridium complex represented by L1L2L3Ir, (L1, L2 and L3 are organic bidentate ligands coordinated to iridium, and at least one of these ligands coordinates with a nitrogen atom and a carbon atom) preferably, represented by formula (2) can be cited. (In the formula, X represents an atom group that forms an aromatic chelate ligand together with a carbon atom and a nitrogen atom bonded with iridium, n is an integer of 2 or 3, and L represents a bidentate organic ligand wherein the atoms other than carbon atoms are bonded with iridium.

Abstract: A surface processing method for processing the surface of an insulating article in which an ion-implanted surface-modified layer is effectively formed on the article 2. In surface processing the article 2 of an insulating material, an electrically conductive thin metal film 50 is first formed on the article surface. A pulsed voltage containing a positive pulsed voltage and a negative pulsed voltage is applied to the article in a plasma containing ions to be implanted to implant ions in the article surface. This implants ions at right angles to the article surface to generate a surface-modified layer 51. There is no possibility of the article 2 being charged up due to application of a pulsed voltage.

Abstract: An electrochemical display apparatus in which simple matrix driving is realized, whereby apparatus constitution can be simplified, and the price of the apparatus can be lowered. The electrochemical display apparatus performs display by use of electrochemical deposition/dissolution of a metal. The display apparatus is driven by a simple matrix driving system, in which a deposition overvoltage at the time of deposition of metallic ions as the metal is used as a threshold in the simple matrix driving. A driving voltage is set to be not more than two times the deposition overvoltage. The electrochemical display apparatus includes transparent electrodes and counter electrodes, the display is performed by utilizing deposition/dissolution of the metal on the transparent electrodes, and the potential difference between the metal to be deposited on the transparent electrodes and the counter electrodes is set to be less than the deposition overvoltage.

Abstract: A display element not causative of crosstalk, ensures sharp display, and can be driven at a low energy is disclosed. In the display element (18), a polymer solid electrolyte layer (5) which contains a colorant material such as bismuth chloride or AgI, capable of causing deposition, dissolution or color change based on electrochemical reduction or oxidation, is disposed between transparent pixel electrodes (2) and opposing electrodes (6), and at least the transparent pixel electrodes (2) are covered with an insulating material (14b) in an area exclusive of at least pixel portions (17).

Abstract: The invention provides an electrochromic display unit with high-quality display. The display unit comprises a transparent electrode (1), a display layer (2) which is formed on the transparent electrode (1) and which changes a color according to the amount of accumulated electrical charges, and an ion conductive layer (3) formed on the display layer (2). A plurality of picture electrodes (4) are formed on the ion conductive layer (3) on the side opposite to the display layer (2). The picture electrodes (4) are driven independently by, for example, a corresponding thin film transistors (6). In driving, by applying a drive current having given amount of electrical charges and then applying a certain amount of an inverted current, a certain amount of coloration is deducted, and extra coloration of the display layer (2) is eliminated.

Abstract: Between each transparent pixel electrode driven by TFT as a drive device and a common electrode, a polymer layer located in contact with the transparent pixel electrode and electrically active to change in color by electrochemical oxidization or reduction and a polymeric solid electrolytic layer located in contact with the polymer layer and containing a coloring agent are interposed. since electrochemical oxidization or reduction brings about a color change, the contrast and the black concentration can be enhanced, and bronzing after long-time use does not occur.

Abstract: Between each transparent pixel electrode driven by TFT as a drive device and a common electrode, a polymer layer located in contact with the transparent pixel electrode and electrically active to change in color by electrochemical oxidization or reduction and a polymeric solid electrolytic layer located in contact with the polymer layer and containing a coloring agent are interposed. since electrochemical oxidization or reduction brings about a color change, the contrast and the black concentration can be enhanced, and bronzing after long-time use does not occur.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrochromic display unit with high-quality display. The display unit comprises a transparent electrode (1), a display layer (2) which is formed on the transparent electrode (1) and which changes a color according to the amount of accumulated electrical charges, and an ion conductive layer (3) formed on the display layer (2). A plurality of picture electrodes (4) are formed on the ion conductive layer (3) on the side opposite to the display layer (2). The picture electrodes (4) are driven independently by, for example, a corresponding thin film transistors (6). In driving, by applying a drive current having given amount of electrical charges and then applying a certain amount of an inverted current, a certain amount of coloration is deducted, and extra coloration of the display layer (2) is eliminated.

Abstract: With an Al—Cu bonded structure, an Ag layer can be remained at the Al—Cu bonding interlayer providing ductile deformation behavior and a tensile strength at the bonded interlayer similar to that of the Al base material. This results in superior bonding characteristics. Furthermore, a thin Al—Cu bonded structure can be obtained as a result of using the Al—Cu dissimilar material bonded section, which has superior workability, as the base material to perform rolling for wall-thickness reduction. The thin Al—Cu structure has superior dimensional accuracy and can meet diverse dimensional demands. The structure combines the light weight of Al with its particular heat transfer and heat dissipative characteristics and anti-corrosive properties of Cu, allowing it to meet the compact, thin, light-weight, and high-performance needs of electronic devices. The structure can be widely used in heat exchanges and heat transfer devices.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrochromic display unit with high-quality display. The display unit comprises a transparent electrode (1), a display layer (2) which is formed on the transparent electrode (1) and which changes a color according to the amount of accumulated electrical charges, and an ion conductive layer (3) formed on the display layer (2). A plurality of picture electrodes (4) are formed on the ion conductive layer (3) on the side opposite to the display layer (2). The picture electrodes (4) are driven independently by, for example, a corresponding thin film transistors (6). In driving, by applying a drive current having given amount of electrical charges and then applying a certain amount of an inverted current, a certain amount of coloration is deducted, and extra coloration of the display layer (2) is eliminated.

Abstract: With an Al—Cu bonded structure, an Ag layer can be remained at the Al—Cu bonding interlayer, providing ductile deformation behavior and a tensile strength at the bonded interlayer similar to that of the Al base material. This results in superior bonding characteristics. Furthermore, a thin Al—Cu bonded structure can be obtained as a result of using the Al—Cu dissimilar material bonded section, which has superior workability, as the base material to perform rolling for wall-thickness reduction. The thin Al—Cu structure has superior dimensional accuracy and can meet diverse dimensional demands. The structure combines the light weight of Al with its particular heat transfer and heat dissipative characteristics and anti-corrosive properties of Cu, allowing it to meet the compact, thin, light-weight, and high-performance needs of electronic devices. The structure can be widely used in heat exchangers and heat transfer devices.