Abstract: The present invention relates to a projection type image displaying apparatus capable of displaying larger picture images which are bright, uniform and after-image-free.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator (SLM) providing effects light blocking of even strong incident light without reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and a projector using said SLM, are disclosed.

Abstract: The encapsulated toner for heat-and-pressure fixing including a heat-fusible core material containing at least a thermoplastic resin and a coloring agent and a shell comprising a hydrophilic resin formed thereon so as to cover the surface of the core material, wherein the core material contains a silicone oil having a kinematic viscosity of from 10 to 500 cSt at 25.degree. C., and wherein the encapsulated toner is obtainable by in situ polymerization method.

Abstract: A wireless equipment diagnosis system which can perform inspection and maintenance precisely and accurately, and which comprises sensors which measure information on each equipment being diagnosed, a transponder which transmits measured data from the sensors after modulating the measured data; a portable interrogator which acquires the measured data by receiving transmitted signals from the transponder; and a host computer which diagnoses each equipment by implementing predetermined signal processing using information stored in advance and data transferred from the acquired data.

Abstract: A driving method for a spatial light modulator can provide bright image, images of high contrast and resolution with no persistence and instability, and can be used in a projection display system. The spatial light modulator is prepared by sandwiching a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer between a first substrate and a second substrate. The first substrate is prepared by sequentially laminating a transparent conductive electrode and a photoconductive layer with rectifying properties on a glass substrate. On the photoconductive layer, a reflective layer and an alignment layer for aligning a liquid crystal layer are then laminated. The second substrate is prepared by laminating a transparent conductive electrode and an alignment layer on a glass substrate. Alternating current voltage having a waveform of inconsistent cycles is applied to a section between the transparent conductive electrodes.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic latent image which includes at least particulate magnetic materials and a binder resin has no particulate magnetic materials on the surface of the toner. In the toner, wherein A and b.sub.min satisfy the relationship: b.sub.min /A>0.02, where A represents an average particle diameter of the toner, and b.sub.min represents a minimum distance between a particulate magnetic material located at a position closest to the surface of the toner and the toner surface.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus for fixing visible images formed on a recording medium has a heat roller having a heating member in the inner portion of the heat roller, and a flat plate-like elastic member forming a nip in contact with the heat roller and capable of exerting a pressure at the nip portion by an elastic stress, the recording medium being fed into the nip portion. According to the fixing apparatus and the fixing method using this apparatus, since a pressure roller is not necessary, the system can be simplified, which leads to miniaturization of the overall fixing apparatus, reduction of overall weight and cost reduction.

Abstract: A developing method of the present invention has the steps of forming a uniform layer of a nonmagnetic one-component toner on a developer carrying sleeve with a developer blade; rotating an electrostatic latent image forming member and the developer carrying sleeve; and applying the toner on the developer carrying sleeve onto an electrostatic latent image formed on the electrostatic latent image forming member. The toner used herein is an encapsulated toner having a heat-fusible core material and a shell formed thereon. By using this development for a nonmagnetic one-component toner of the present invention, clear images free from background can be stably formed for a large number of copying.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator having a photoconductor, a matrix of reflectors and a modulating layer is disclosed. The portions of the photoconductor in between the reflectors have a smaller photoconductivity than those portions under the reflectors. The reduced photoconductivity can be made, for example, by doping the photoconductor while using the reflectors as a mask or by illuminating the photoconductor with a light of 360 joules/cm.sup.2. The photoconductor in between the reflectors may be grooved, The photoconductor can be a superlattice photoconductor.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator including a pair of transparent insulating substrates each having a transparent conducting electrode, the substrates forming a top layer and a bottom layer, a photoconductive layer, a liquid crystal layer and a reflection layer being present between the top and bottom layers, wherein the photoconductive layer comprises a first amorphous semiconductor layer and a second amorphous semiconductor layer disposed in order on the bottom layer, and the first amorphous semiconductor layer and the second amorphous semiconductor layer have different refractive indices from each other.

Abstract: The encapsulated toner for heat-and-pressure fixing of the present invention having a heat-fusible core material containing at least a thermoplastic resin and a shell formed thereon so as to cover the surface of the core material is produced by the method having the steps of (a) dispersing in a shell-forming resin an additive selected from the group consisting of conductive materials, charge control agents, wax components, color pigments, particulate magnetic materials, and mixtures thereof to give a shell-forming resin containing the additive; (b) dissolving the shell-forming resin containing the additive in a mixture containing a core material-constituting monomer; (c) dispersing the mixture obtained in step (b) in an aqueous dispersant, and localizing the shell-forming resin containing the additive on the surface of droplets of the core-constituting material to give a polymerizable composition; and (d) polymerizing the polymerizable composition obtained in step (c) by in situ polymerization to form the cor

Abstract: The encapsulated toner for heat-and-pressure fixing of the present invention has a heat-fusible core material containing at least a thermoplastic resin and a coloring agent and a shell formed thereon so as to cover the surface of the core material. Moreover, the encapsulated toner has the following properties: 1) The glass transition temperature ascribed to the thermoplastic resin used as a main component of the heat-fusible core material is 10.degree. C. to 50.degree. C.; 2) A minimum load required for 58 compression of a particle size of the encapsulated toner is from 5 to 50 mgf, and a minimum load required for 10% compression of a particle size of the encapsulated toner is from 10 to 100 mgf, when a compressive variation of one toner particle is measured by a micro compression testing machine under the given conditions; and 3) The difference in cohesiveness before and after keeping the toner standing at 50.degree. C.

Abstract: A light modulation device comprising a first transparent electrode layer, a photoconductive layer, a conductive electrode, a light modulation layer, and a second transparent electrode layer formed together in the preceding order, and characterized by the light modulation characteristic of the light modulation layer being a non-linear saturation function of an applied electrical field, and the conductive electrode comprising plural electrode patterns. The light modulation layer modulates the read light when the input light exceeds a specific threshold value wherein by forming the electrode pattern of the conductive electrode in the shape of the pattern to be extracted, the features of the input image corresponding to that shape can be quickly extracted.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator includes: a modulating layer having optical properties changeable depending on the strength of an applied electric field; a pair of transparent electrode layers sandwiching the modulating layer for generating the electric field; and a photoconductor layer disposed between one of the pair of transparent electrode layers and the modulating layer for generating a photocurrent corresponding to the illumination by light, wherein the photoconductor layer has a quantum efficiency of more than 1. A method for fabricating the spatial light modulator is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spatial light modulator used for an optical computing system or display, which comprises a photoconductive layer having a rectification function for receiving incident lights to generate charges, an electrode for accumulating the charges and a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer for modulating the incident light according to bias voltage change with the accumulated charges, wherein the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer is arranged between a pair of alignment layers made of polyimide represented by the general formula (I); ##STR1## wherein n is 2 or more, X is O, S, Se or Te, Y is an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group, and Z is a group containing an aromatic group. In the spatial light modulator, any charges are not accumulated on the alignment layer with the driving time and thus a bistable memory condition can be realized.

Abstract: This invention is of a Cr--Mo steel pipe of a wall thickness of 13 mm or less, containing C: 0.03-0.10 wt %, Si: 0.50-1.00 wt %, Mn: 0.30-0.60 wt %, P.ltoreq.0.007 wt %, S.ltoreq.0.020 wt %, Cr: 1.00-1.50 wt %, Mo: 0.45-0.65 wt %, Al: 0.002-0.010 wt % and N: 0.002-0.010 wt % and the remainder consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities for which preheating and postheating treatments for the prevention of weld cracking and stress corrosion cracking can be effectively omitted, said steel pipe of this invention being suitable for steam piping applications such as STPA23 used in power generation plants, etc.

Abstract: A neural network system comprising input, intermediate and output layers interconnected through synapses, respectively is disclosed.Each layer is comprised of a plurality of spatial light modulator units each of which is comprised of a photoconductive layer sandwiched between electrodes and a light modulation layer electrically connected to the photoconductive layer of which the light transmittance varies according to a voltage applied thereto, wherein electric currents induced by light bundles incident to the photoconductive layer are summed to cause a change in the voltage to be applied to the light modulation layer according to which the light transmittance is varied dependently thereon.

Abstract: In a spatial light modulator used in a projection type display, holographic television set or the like and having a configuration of at least a photo-conductive layer with rectification and a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer provided between a pair of transparent electrodes and a side of the photo-conductive layer facing to a CRT, plural units of driving signals including at least an erasing pulse and a writing voltage period are applied between the transparent electrodes in one frame cycle of the CRT.

Abstract: Pixel portions of a photoconductive layer each have a pin structure for providing a rectifying function and are substantially electrically isolated from one another by a highly resistant inter-pixel portion for preventing diffusion of electrical carriers. Data written into a liquid crystal layer by writing light is read out as an optical output by reading light. Reflecting films are provided on the pixel portions, respectively, and an output light blocking film is provided on the inter-pixel portion formed into a groove. The reflecting films and the output light blocking film are partially overlapped on each other so as to sufficiently block the reading light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spatial light modulator used for an optical computing system or display, which comprises a photoconductive layer having a rectification function for receiving incident lights to generate charges, an electrode for accumulating the charges and a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer for modulating the incident light according to bias voltage change with the accumulated charges, wherein the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer is arranged between a pair of alignment layers made of polyimide represented by the general formula (I); ##STR1## wherein n is 2 or more, X is S, Se or Te, Y is an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group, and Z is a group containing an aromatic group. In the spatial light modulator, any charges are not accumulated on the alignment layer with the driving time and thus a bistable memory condition can be realized.