Abstract: A master cylinder device for a brake comprise a master cylinder body having a cylinder bore, a reserve tank provided integrally with the master cylinder body so as to have a fluid reserving portion for feeding hydraulic fluid for the brake, a fluid passing port provided in the fluid reserving portion of the reserve tank, the fluid passing port having an opening area smaller than an opening cross-sectional area of the fluid reserving portion, and a communicating passage connecting the fluid passing port to the cylinder bore, wherein the reserve tank is provided on an upper end of the master cylinder device such that a longitudinal direction of the reserve tank is substantially orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the master cylinder body.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a mass-storage nonvolatile memory device capable of performing high speed operation. The nonvolatile memory device comprises a memory array comprising a plurality of memory cells arranged in a matrix, each of the memory cells comprising a variable resistor element formed of a manganese-containing oxide having a perovskite structure in which an electric resistance is varied by application of a voltage pulse and a variation amount of the electric resistance is variable depending on the magnitude of the voltage amplitude; and a program pulse generation circuit that, in order to program 3-level or larger multi-level data corresponding to one erase state and two or more program states into the variable resistor element, is capable of performing generation of program pulses having two or more different voltage amplitudes corresponding to the program states, the generation being separately performed corresponding to program data.

Abstract: A lockup clutch for a torque converter includes a pump extension, a receiving plate connected to the pump extension defining a hydraulic pressure chamber communicating with a portion between a pump impeller and a turbine impeller, a pressing plate opposed to the receiving plate for movement toward and away from the receiving plate, an annular friction clutch plate interposed between the receiving plate and the pressing plate and connected to the turbine impeller, a return spring for biasing the pressing plate in a retracting direction, and an escape bore permitting the inside and outside of the receiving plate to communicate with each other on the side of an inner periphery of the friction clutch plate. When the rotational speed of the pump impeller is increased to a value equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the pressing plate clamps the friction clutch plate in cooperation with the receiving plate under the action of a centrifugal hydraulic pressure within the hydraulic pressure chamber.

Abstract: A solid laser apparatus has either a combination of a lowpass filter and a highpass filter or a bandpass filter provided in its output control circuit for increasing the gain and adjusting the phase of a signal in the vicinity of the relaxation oscillating frequency. Also, a solid laser apparatus has the phase shift circuit provided in its output control circuit for advancing the phase of a signal in the vicinity of the relaxation oscillating frequency thereof. Moreover, a solid laser apparatus has a pseudo notch filter, which is arranged for the gain to have a local minimum at the relaxation oscillating frequency of the solid laser apparatus, provided in the output control circuit so that the peak of the gain transmission characteristic of the nonlinear optical device or of a combination of the nonlinear optical device and the microchip laser crystal is offset.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device including a plurality of memory cells is provided. One of the plurality of memory cells includes a variable resistor having a resistance value thereof reversibly changed in accordance with a voltage applied thereto, and a transistor connected to the variable resistor.

Abstract: In a frequency converter, a phase-locked loop generates a local-oscillation signal having a low frequency, of a plurality of local-oscillation signals having different frequencies, based on an intermediate frequency beacon signal that results from mixing a predetermined beacon signal with the local-oscillation frequency signal. Even if the phase-locked loop is used to generate the low frequency local-oscillation signal only, a frequency offset and a phase noise taking place in remaining high frequency local-oscillation signals are compensated for or canceled out. The frequency converter thus results in a high frequency accuracy. This arrangement reduces the number of bulky, costly and power-consuming phase-locked oscillators, typically used in the quasi millimeter band or the millimeter band. A simplified, compact frequency converter is thus provided, reducing both installation and operating costs.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a mass-storage nonvolatile memory device capable of performing high speed operation. The nonvolatile memory device comprises a memory array comprising a plurality of memory cells arranged in a matrix, each of the memory cells comprising a variable resistor element formed of a manganese-containing oxide having a perovskite structure in which an electric resistance is varied by application of a voltage pulse and a variation amount of the electric resistance is variable depending on the magnitude of the voltage amplitude; and a program pulse generation circuit that, in order to program 3-level or larger multi-level data corresponding to one erase state and two or more program states into the variable resistor element, is capable of performing generation of program pulses having two or more different voltage amplitudes corresponding to the program states, the generation being separately performed corresponding to program data.

Abstract: In a frequency converter, a phase-locked loop generates a local-oscillation signal having a low frequency, of a plurality of local-oscillation signals having different frequencies, based on an intermediate frequency beacon signal that results from mixing a predetermined beacon signal with the local-oscillation frequency signal. Even if the phase-locked loop is used to generate the low frequency local-oscillation signal only, a frequency offset and a phase noise taking place in remaining high frequency local-oscillation signals are compensated for or canceled out. The frequency converter thus results in a high frequency accuracy. This arrangement reduces the number of bulky, costly and power-consuming phase-locked oscillators, typically used in the quasi millimeter band or the millimeter band. A simplified, compact frequency converter is thus provided, reducing both installation and operating costs.

Abstract: The present invention provides a memory cell having a variable resistor as a memory element, and also provides a memory device comprising the memory cells. The variable resistor is made of a thin-film material (for example, PCMO) or the like having a perovskite structure. So the memory cell can operate at a low voltage and can be highly integrated. The memory cell MC is formed of a combination of a current controlling device and a variable resistor. A field-effect transistor, diode or bipolar transistor is used as the current controlling device. The current controlling device is connected in series with the current path of the variable resistor so as to control a current flowing through the variable resistor.

Abstract: A master cylinder device for a brake comprise a master cylinder body having a cylinder bore, a reserve tank provided integrally with the master cylinder body so as to have a fluid reserving portion for feeding hydraulic fluid for the brake, a fluid passing port provided in the fluid reserving portion of the reserve tank, the fluid passing port having an opening area smaller than an opening cross-sectional area of the fluid reserving portion, and a communicating passage connecting the fluid passing port to the cylinder bore, wherein the reserve tank is provided on an upper end of the master cylinder device such that a longitudinal direction of the reserve tank is substantially orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the master cylinder body.

Abstract: In a fluid coupling with a baffle plate protruding on the side of an inner peripheral surface of a circulating circuit, a clutch chamber is defined between a back of a turbine impeller and a side cover covering the back of the impeller, to communicate with an outer periphery of the circulating circuit. The clutch chamber is divided by a clutch piston into an inner chamber portion on the side of the turbine impeller and an outer chamber portion on the side of the side cover. The clutch piston is axially movably connected to the turbine impeller, thereby constituting a lock-up clutch, so that a first oil passage leading to the outer chamber portion and a second oil passage leading to an inner periphery of the circulating circuit are put into alternate communication with a discharge portion of an oil pump and with an oil reservoir in a switched manner.

Abstract: A lockup clutch for a torque converter includes a pump extension, a receiving plate connected to the pump extension defining a hydraulic pressure chamber communicating with a portion between a pump impeller and a turbine impeller, a pressing plate opposed to the receiving plate for movement toward and away from the receiving plate, an annular friction clutch plate interposed between the receiving plate and the pressing plate and connected to the turbine impeller, a return spring for biasing the pressing plate in a retracting direction, and an escape bore permitting the inside and outside of the receiving plate to communicate with each other on the side of an inner periphery of the friction clutch plate. When the rotational speed of the pump impeller is increased to a value equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the pressing plate clamps the friction clutch plate in cooperation with the receiving plate under the action of a centrifugal hydraulic pressure within the hydraulic pressure chamber.

Abstract: A lockup clutch for a torque converter includes a pump extension, a receiving plate connected to the pump extension defining a hydraulic pressure chamber communicating with a portion between a pump impeller and a turbine impeller, a pressing plate opposed to the receiving plate for movement toward and away from the receiving plate, an annular friction clutch plate interposed between the receiving plate and the pressing plate and connected to the turbine impeller, a return spring for biasing the pressing plate in a retracting direction, and an escape bore permitting the inside and outside of the receiving plate to communicate with each other on the side of an inner periphery of the friction clutch plate. When the rotational speed of the pump impeller is increased to a value equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the pressing plate clamps the friction clutch plate in cooperation with the receiving plate under the action of a centrifugal hydraulic pressure within the hydraulic pressure chamber.

Abstract: A torque converter includes a turbine impeller integrally connected to a pump impeller, a side-cover having a boss and covering the turbine impeller, and a turbine shaft extending through the boss and connected to the turbine impeller. A radial bearing and a one-way clutch are disposed axially adjacent to each other between the boss of the side-cover and the turbine shaft. The radial bearing serves to retain the boss and the turbine shaft concentrically, and the one-way clutch connects the turbine shaft and the side-cover to each other, when a back load is applied to the turbine shaft. Therefore, a load received by a clutch element of the one-way clutch such as a sprag between the turbine shaft and the side-cover is equalized. Thus, when a back load is applied to the turbine shaft, a slipping between the turbine impeller and the pump impeller is prevented, thereby providing a good engine brake effect.

Abstract: In a transmitting system for a small-sized vehicle in which a crankshaft and an input shaft of a transmission are connected to each other through a fluid transmitting device such as a torque converter. A primary reducing device, the fluid transmitting device and a shifting clutch are disposed on the crankshaft sequentially from one side of a crankcase supporting the crankshaft with a bearing interposed therebetween toward the outside, and the axial movements of the input member, the pump impeller and the turbine impeller on the crankshaft are restrained by the bearing and a nut threadedly fitted at a tip end of the crankshaft. Thus, a creep phenomenon of the fluid transmitting device can be eliminated by controlling the shifting clutch, and the shifting operation of the transmission can be conducted lightly. Moreover, the transmitting system is of a simple construction and improved in assemblability.

Abstract: In a fluid coupling with a baffle plate protruding on the side of an inner peripheral surface of a circulating circuit, a clutch chamber is defined between a back of a turbine impeller and a side cover covering the back of the impeller, to communicate with an outer periphery of the circulating circuit. The clutch chamber is divided by a clutch piston into an inner chamber portion on the side of the turbine impeller and an outer chamber portion on the side of the side cover. The clutch piston is axially movably connected to the turbine impeller, thereby constituting a lock-up clutch, so that a first oil passage leading to the outer chamber portion and a second oil passage leading to an inner periphery of the circulating circuit are put into alternate communication with a discharge portion of an oil pump and with an oil reservoir in a switched manner.

Abstract: The present invention provides for setting the block-size suitably in each address space in order to deal with the difference of the scope within the spatial locality in the address space, and to suppress the generating of the unnecessary replacing.

Abstract: A navigation system that provides guidance information if more than three guide intersections are successively located adjacent each other. The vehicle navigation system's guidance information output is controlled on the basis of the successive relationships between respective intersections and is stored as programs in a memory medium.

Abstract: A torque converter includes a turbine impeller integrally connected to a pump impeller, a side-cover having a boss and covering the turbine impeller, and a turbine shaft extending through the boss and connected to the turbine impeller. A radial bearing and a one-way clutch are disposed axially adjacent to each other between the boss of the side-cover and the turbine shaft. The radial bearing serves to retain the boss and the turbine shaft concentrically, and the one-way clutch connects the turbine shaft and the side-cover to each other, when a back load is applied to the turbine shaft. Therefore, a load received by a clutch element of the one-way clutch such as a sprig between the turbine shaft and the side-cover is equalized. Thus, when a back load is applied to the turbine shaft, a slipping between the turbine impeller and the pump impeller is prevented, thereby providing a good engine brake effect.

Abstract: To eliminate unnaturalness in the display of video signals that are intermittently updated. Video signals recorded in a disk 1 in a compressed manner are reproduced through a pickup 2. The reproduced signals are fed to a reproduction processing unit 3 from where a bit stream is fetched which is then fed to a decoder circuit 4. The decoder circuit 4 produces video signals reconstructed from the compression. The signals from the decoder circuit 4 are fed to an adder 12 which is an adder means through an amplifier 11 which is a weighting circuit having a coefficient of, for example, 0.5. The added signal from the adder 12 is fetched to an output terminal 13, and is fed to a frame memory 14 which is a storage means of, for example, one frame. The signal stored in the frame memory 14 is fed to an adder 12 through an amplifier 15 which is a second weighting circuit having a coefficient of, for example, 0.5.