Abstract: An information recording medium includes a first area (DA2) for storing picture data for forming a plurality of pictures, a second area (DA21) which is included in the first area and stores control data of the picture data, and a third area (INFO1) which is included in the second area and stores specifying data for specifying the storage position of representative picture data for forming a representative picture in the plurality of pictures.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a first area (DA2) for storing picture data for forming a plurality of pictures, a second area (DA21) which is included in the first area and stores control data of the picture data, and a third area (INFO1) which is included in the second area and stores specifying data for specifying the storage position of representative picture data for forming a representative picture in the plurality of pictures.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a first area (DA2) for storing picture data for forming a plurality of pictures, a second area (DA21) which is included in the first area and stores control data of the picture data, and a third area (INFO1) which is included in the second area and stores specifying data for specifying the storage position of representative picture data for forming a representative picture in the plurality of pictures.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a first area (DA2) for storing picture data for forming a plurality of pictures, a second area (DA21) which is included in the first area and stores control data of the picture data, and a third area (INFO1) which is included in the second area and stores specifying data for specifying the storage position of representative picture data for forming a representative picture in the plurality of pictures.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a first area (DA2) for storing picture data for forming a plurality of pictures, a second area (DA21) which is included in the first area and stores control data of the picture data, and a third area (INFO1) which is included in the second area and stores specifying data for specifying the storage position of representative picture data for forming a representative picture in the plurality of pictures.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a first area (DA2) for storing picture data for forming a plurality of pictures, a second area (DA21) which is included in the first area and stores control data of the picture data, and a third area (INFO1) which is included in the second area and stores specifying data for specifying the storage position of representative picture data for forming a representative picture in the plurality of pictures.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a first area (DA2) for storing picture data for forming a plurality of pictures, a second area (DA21) which is included in the first area and stores control data of the picture data, and a third area (INFO1) which is included in the second area and stores specifying data for specifying the storage position of representative picture data for forming a representative picture in the plurality of pictures.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a first area (DA2) for storing picture data for forming a plurality of pictures, a second area (DA21) which is included in the first area and stores control data of the picture data, and a third area (INFO1) which is included in the second area and stores specifying data for specifying the storage position of representative picture data for forming a representative picture in the plurality of pictures.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a first area (DA2) for storing picture data for forming a plurality of pictures, a second area (DA21) which is included in the first area and stores control data of the picture data, and a third area (INFO1) which is included in the second area and stores specifying data for specifying the storage position of representative picture data for forming a representative picture in the plurality of pictures.

Abstract: The invention provides an optical scanning device for color image formation in which color aberration depending on the variation in the image formation position on the scanned surface caused by the angle change of the optical system.

Abstract: This invention provides a memory card device using an EEPROM as a semiconductor memory. When a data write-in defective area is detected in the storage area of the EEPROM, a space area is retrieved from the storage area of the EEPROM as a relieving area and data to be written into the data write-in defective area is written into the relieving area. Then, when the relieving area becomes full and a data write-in defective area is detected in the storage area of the EEPROM, another space area is retrieved from the storage area of the EEPROM as a new relieving area and data to be written into the data write-in defective area is written into the new relieving area.

Abstract: Ceramic sliding member including (a) a ceramic substrate consisting of a dense sintered body of a ceramic material consisting essentially of metal oxide and/or silicate, (b) an intermediate film formed on a mechanically ground surface of the ceramic substrate, the intermediate film being formed from a product produced by pyrolysis of an organosilicon compound and comprising carbon and silicon, and (c) a pyrolytic carbon film formed on the intermediate film, the pyrolytic carbon film being produced by pyrolysis of hydrocarbon and having a graphite-like layered structure, the pyrolytic carbon film serving as a sliding surface of the ceramic sliding member.

Abstract: A memory card apparatus has an EEPROM as a semiconductor memory. Each time data is written in the EEPROM, link data representing a recording location of the data is written and managed in a link table. The link table has a flag region with a flag which is set when data write in the EEPROM is requested and is reset when the link data has completely been written in the link table. In case of card removal during operation or power failure, the flag set in the flag region of the link table is not reset and remains. Thus, by checking the flag area of the link table, the occurrence of card removal during operation or power failure can be detected, and various countermeasures can be conducted. Thus, the correspondency between the recorded contents in the EEPROM and the contents in the link table can be maintained as much as possible.

Abstract: A carbonaceous electrode having improved capacities of doping and dedoping a cell active substance, such as lithium, and suitable for a non-aqueous solvent-type secondary battery, is constituted by a carbonaceous material having a specific microtexture. The carbonaceous material is characterized by having an average (002)-plane spacing of at least 0.365 nm according to an X-ray diffraction test, and by providing a residual carbonaceous substance showing an average (002) plane-spacing of at most 0.350 nm according to an X-ray diffraction test when the carbonaceous material is treated with an H.sub.2 O--N.sub.2 equi-molar gaseous mixture at 900.degree. C. up to a weight reduction of 60%.

Abstract: A memory card apparatus using EEPROMs as semiconductor memories. Externally input data are temporarily recorded in a buffer memory and are subsequently written in the EEPROMs. Verify processing is automatically performed between the buffer memory and the EEPROMs. Similarly, data read out from the EEPROMs are temporarily recorded in the buffer memory and are subsequently output to an external unit. Even with the EEPROMs, it seems that this memory card can be used in the same manner as a memory card using an SRAM, when viewed from the outside of the card.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a memory card apparatus. When one of blocks of a data area of an EEPROM is detected as a defective block, a save area is searched for a vacant block, and data, which is to be written to the defective block, is written to the vacant block of the data area. When the save area is occupied and one of blocks of the data area is detected as a defective block, the data area is searched for a vacant block, and data, which is to be written to the defective block, is written to the vacant block of the data area. When a block of the data area is used for saving the defective block and a vacant block is generated in the save area by erasing data, data of the block of the data area used for saving the defective block is transferred to the vacant block.

Abstract: A navigation apparatus used in a vehicle and associated display method are designed to spot the current position of the vehicle on maps displayed in a base field and a window field of a display screen. The apparatus includes a memory for storing map information and sensors for detecting the position and moving direction of the vehicle. A portion of the map information is retrieved from the memory in accordance with the sensor outputs and displayed in the base field such that certain azimuth, e.g., the north, faces upward. Another portion of the map information is retrieved from the memory and displayed in the window field such that the moving direction faces upward.

Abstract: A preparation for transdermal drug administration comprising a flexible backing layer and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer containing a local anesthetic in a proportion of 40-65 weight %. Since the ratio of the amount of the undissolved local anesthetic (Ac) to that of the dissolved local anesthetic (As), Ac/As, in the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is determined to be in the range of 0.1-1.8, the preparation for transdermal drug administration of the present invention is superior in self-adhesiveness and leaves no adhesive material upon removal from the skin. In addition, burst-like release of the undissolved drug from the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer immediately after application to the skin permits rapid appearance of the anesthetic effect, which enables wide clinical application of the preparations of the present invention.

Abstract: A matching device for an antenna in which is interposed between an antenna of narrow frequency band and a feeding line so as to match the antenna and the feeding line over a wide band, includes a high impedance line of a first predetermined length provided at the antenna side and a low impedance line of a second predetermined length provided at the feeding line side that are connected in series, whereby the matching device can be made small in size and simple in construction.

Abstract: An apparatus for reading information out of an optical record medium including a semiconductor laser diode for emitting a laser beam, a collimator lens, a beam splitter, an objective lens, converging lens and a photodetector. The laser beam emitted from the laser diode is made incident upon the optical record medium via the collimator lens, beam splitter and objective lens, and a light flux reflected by the optical record medium is made incident upon the photodetector via the objective lens, beam splitter and converging lens. The laser diode and collimator lens are arranged such that the laser beam is projected upon the optical record medium in a de-focused condition, while the objective lens is in-focused on the optical record medium.