Abstract: A process for the preparation of sulphurized calcium phenate from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). Distilled or hydrogenated distilled CNSL is reacted with calcium salt and sulphur in the presence of promoters to obtain a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture is subjected to the step of carbonation to obtain basic sulfurized calcium phenate, which may be subjected to a further step of basefication to obtain overbased sulphurized calcium phenate. Such a calcium phenate is added to lubricating oil or grease as an additive.

Abstract: Magnesium borate overbased metallic detergent having magnesium borate uniformally dispersed in an extremely fine particle size is prepared by using magnesium alkoxide and boric acid. The process for preparation involves reacting neutral sulphonate of an alkaline earth metal with magnesium alkoxide and boric acid under anhydrous conditions in the presence of a dilution solvent followed by distillation to remove alcohol and part of dilution solvent therefrom. The borated mixture is then cooled, filtered to recover magnesium borated metal detergent. The magnesium borated metal detergent exhibited excellent cleaning and dispersing performance, very good hydrolytic and oxidation stability, good extreme pressure and antiwear properties. Such a detergent can advantageously be used in a hydrocarbon composition.

Abstract: A process for recovery of solid and reusable urea from the urea adduction process. Refinery streams are subjected to a step of urea adduction for removal of unwanted branched products, aromatics and sulphur. The adduct is purified, dried and then subjected to the step of mechanical shearing.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of CDMA techniques. Data signals to be transmitted from a plurality of wireless devices are spread across a common bandwidth. The data signals are received by a base station as a composite spread signal. The base station partially despreads the composite spread signal with unique codes to extract data signals from individual wireless devices. The data rate and quality of service requirements for each wireless device are used to calculate a power factor and a control signal is sent to control the power from a particular wireless device. In addition, a probability of transmission value is calculated based on an equivalent current load value and an equivalent population value. The probability of transmission value determines whether a particular wireless device is allowed access to an uplink frequency channel.

Abstract: A sound absorption device in accordance with this invention includes an enclosure loosely containing hollow beads. Preferably, the hollow beads have openings, and differ with respect to the volume of the hollow space defined by the walls of the beads, the wall thicknesses of the beads, the size of the openings of the beads and/or the number of openings on the beads. Through Helmholtz resonance, vorticity and tortuous path scattering, the beads damp sound waves over a broad range of frequencies. Preferably, the beads are formed from a material able to withstand relatively high temperatures, such as ceramic or nickel. The beads can thus be used to damp sound in applications which generate significant heat in addition to sound, such as aircraft engines, rocket motors or other loud, heat-generating sources, for example. Also, by forming the beads from a material with a relatively low thermal conductivity, the beads can also be used for thermal insulation in addition to sound absorption.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling data transfer operations during a communication session between a transmitter and at least one receiver provide that data packets which have been stored at the receiver memory before a disconnect occurred remain stored in therein in the presence of the disconnect to avoid the need for retransmitting data packets upon re-establishment of a communication link. Data representative of those data packets already stored at the receiver memory is maintained for purposes of synchronizing data packet transmission from the transmitter for completing data file transfer. Data control instructions for implementing storage of data packets and tracking the progression of data packet transmissions when a disconnect occurs may suitably included in an existing protocol layer of a communication system or as an additional protocol layer added to the operating system of the communication system.

Abstract: A navigation system for an automotive vehicle designed to display a road map image around the vehicle in correlation with the current position of the automotive vehicle. The navigation system is adapted to determine a best navigation route to a selected destination on the basis on the approximated time necessary to travel such a navigation route in correspondence to its travel length and speed rate.

Abstract: A gateway system for connecting first and second communication networks has first and second network end nodes and a protocol converter. The gateway system operates to provide input-output services of both network protocols to users of both networks in communicating through the gateway system. The gateway system employs associated complement protocol circuits in the end nodes and the protocol converter to provide these services. An efficient technique for generating the complement protocol of a first network is to prune finite state machines representing the operation of the second network protocol to provide the services of the second protocol that are not provided by the first protocol. The complement protocol circuits for the second network are then constructed based on the pruned finite state machines representing the operation of the first protocol.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of CDMA techniques. Data signals to be transmitted from a plurality of wireless devices are spread across a common bandwidth. The data signals are received by a base station as a composite spread signal. The base station partially despreads the composite spread signal with unique codes to extract data signals from individual wireless devices. The data rate and quality of service requirements for each wireless device are used to calculate a power factor and a control signal is sent to control the power from a particular wireless device. In addition, a probability of transmission value is calculated based on an equivalent current load value and an equivalent population value. The probability of transmission value determines whether a particular wireless device is allowed access to an uplink frequency channel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for conformance testing of protocols specified as a collection of communicating finite state machines (FSMs). A guided random walk procedure is advantageously used to cover a substantial number of transitions in the component FSMs to determine if the FSM output corresponds to the protocol as specified.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing a 12 membered ring tetraaza macromolecule comprising. The process involves condensing an amide of ethylene diamine having a general formula A: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from 1 to 5 and w is a member selected from the group consisting of --NO.sub.2, --NH.sub.2, --NCS, --COOH, --OCH.sub.2 OOCH.sub.3, --NCOCH.sub.2 --Z with Z being a member selected from the group consisting of Br and I with a nitrogen blocked active ester of a general formula B: ##STR2## wherein PG is an amino protecting group and E is a leaving group.

Abstract: A method of preparing a modified phenol-formaldehyde resin in solid particulate form comprising reacting together, in an aqueous medium, phenol and formaldehyde, in a ratio of 1.0 mole phenol to between 1.8 and 3.5 moles of formaldehyde, in the presence of between 0.1 and 1.0 moles of a basic catalyst; continuing this reaction until a desired viscosity is reached; modifying the reaction system by adding thereto between 0 and 30%, based on the weight of phenol originally taken of a non-phenolic polyhydroxy compound; spray drying the thus modified liquid resin in a pressure nozzle drier, and chilling the spray dried particulate solid. These solid resins are redispersible in water and stable on storage, compared to the known aqueous, equivalent, systems.

Abstract: A new and distinct hybrid plant named `Himalaya` (Mentha arvensis) characterized by its higher yield of oil which is rich in menthol, improved regeneration potential, vigorous growth, deep green broad thick leaves, pinkish white flowers and tolerance to rust such as alternaria leaf blight, corynespora leaf spot and powdery mildew.