Abstract: A display panel is provided. The display panel includes a color filter substrate. The color filter substrate includes a first substrate, a black matrix, a color filter layer, a transparent conductive layer, and a plurality of spacers. The black matrix and the color filter layer are disposed on the first substrate. The transparent conductive layer is disposed on the color filter layer and the black matrix, and has a plurality of openings located above the black matrix. The spacers are located on the transparent conductive layer and located on the black matrix. At least one of the openings is located between the adjacent spacers, and at least one of the spacers partially overlaps at least one of the openings.

Abstract: A display panel is provided. The display panel includes a first substrate having a display area and a non-display area. A sealant is disposed on the first substrate and on the non-display area. A planarization layer is disposed on the first substrate. The planarization layer has a first trench formed therein on the non-display area. The first trench has a bottom and a side adjacent to the bottom. The bottom has a roughness that is greater than the roughness of the side.

Abstract: A thin film transistor includes a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer, a source electrode, a drain electrode, and a channel layer. The gate electrode is disposed on a substrate, and the channel layer is electrically insulated from the gate electrode. The gate insulating layer is disposed between the gate electrode and the channel layer. The source electrode and the drain electrode are electrically connected with the channel layer. The channel layer includes a front channel layer proximate to a side of the gate insulating layer, a back channel layer proximate to a side of the source electrode and an intermediate layer between the front channel layer and the back channel layer.

Abstract: A thin film transistor includes a gate electrode, a semiconductor layer, a source electrode, a drain electrode, a first protective layer, and a second protective layer. The gate electrode is disposed on a substrate. The metal oxide semiconductor layer is disposed on a gate insulating layer and electrically connects the source electrode and the drain electrode. The first protective layer disposed on the metal oxide semiconductor layer has a first oxygen vacancy concentration. The second protective layer disposed on the first protective layer has a second oxygen vacancy concentration. A boundary area located between the first and second protective layers has a third oxygen vacancy concentration. The third oxygen vacancy concentration is respectively greater than the first oxygen vacancy concentration and the second oxygen vacancy concentration.

Abstract: A graphics computer programming language, called the BDT Language, is disclosed for the description of three-dimensional objects and real-time interactions among them in a three-dimensional space. The BDT Language consists of a User Level Command Script and a corresponding Language Level Program Code. The User Level Command Script consists of command lines each having a mnemonical name followed by a list of arguments. The Language Level Program Code consists of a corresponding number of program lines each having an operation code for the command followed by a list of arguments. The Language Level Program Code is further compressed into a BDT File for efficient storage and download for viewing by a client user with a Web Browser. A BDT Interpreter is also devised to parse the BDT File into instructions for a separate display Engine for final rendition into the originally created set of three-dimensional objects.