Abstract: Provided are an audio signal processing apparatus and method. The audio signal processing apparatus includes: a sensing unit for sensing an impedance value of a headphone and adjusting a gain to be applied to an audio signal based on the sensed impedance value; and an amplifier for generating an output audio signal by receiving at least one bias voltage corresponding to the adjusted gain and amplifying the input audio signal according to the adjusted gain. The audio signal processing apparatus is capable of appropriately adjusting the magnitude of an acoustic signal output from a headphone, according to the product specifications of the headphone.

Abstract: An audio signal output apparatus includes a modulation signal generator for generating a first modulation signal by pulse-modulating an input audio signal of one channel using a first carrier signal or a first sampling clock, which has a first frequency; a vacuum tube filter unit comprising a vacuum tube and for generating a vacuum tube signal by allowing the first modulation signal to pass through the vacuum tube; a frequency modulation unit for generating a second modulation signal by pulse-modulating the vacuum tube signal; and a power switching amplifier for outputting an amplification signal corresponding to the second modulation signal.

Abstract: This system is a computer-based system for simulating an effect of a specific surgical treatment based on three-dimensional data of a shape of a target vascular site of a subject, comprising: a surgical treatment receiving unit, by a computer, for displaying the three-dimensional data of a shape of a target vascular site on a computer display screen, and receiving a specification of a lesion on display and a selection of a surgical treatment for the lesion, a modification method storage unit, by a computer, for pre-storing selectable surgical treatments and methods for modifying the three-dimensional data for respective surgical treatments in memory, and a modified three-dimensional data output unit, by a computer, for reading out a modification method from the modification method storage unit according to the selection of a surgical treatment, modifying the three-dimensional data related to the specification of the lesion by the selected method, and outputting the modified three-dimensional data.

Abstract: An audio tuning system including: an interface configured to provide a test signal to a reference device and to a target device; and a controller configured to acquire a result of audio processing in response to the test signal from the reference device and a result of audio processing in response to the test signal from the target device; compare the results; and adjust an audio processing characteristic value of the target device to match that of the reference device based on a result of the comparison. The audio tuning system may automatically tune the audio characteristic of the target device to match the reference device.

Abstract: This system is a system for analyzing blood flow of a target vascular site by means of simulation, having a fluid analysis unit, by a computer, for determining state quantities of blood flow at each position of a lumen of the target vascular site by means of computation by imposing computational conditions including boundary conditions relating to the blood flow to three-dimensional shape data of the target vascular site; a three-dimensional shape modification unit for modifying the three dimensional shape data by simulating a surgical treatment method and for outputting the three-dimensional shape data after the modification; and a comparison display unit for displaying computed results of before and after the modification of the three-dimensional shape for comparing the results, by causing the fluid analysis unit to re-compute the state quantities based on the three-dimensional shape data after the modification.

Abstract: A switching power amplifier having a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal generation unit that converts an input audio signal into a PWM signal with a predetermined carrier frequency, a correction unit that corrects the difference between an audio signal included in the PWM signal and a negative feedback output audio signal to generate a corrected PWM signal, a low pass filter that removes a high-frequency component from the corrected PWM signal, a frequency modulation unit that modulates the corrected PWM signal so that the corrected PWM signal has a switching frequency different from the carrier frequency of the input PWM signal to generate a modulated PWM signal, and a power amplification unit that amplifies a power of the modulated PWM signal.

Abstract: A surgical operation training device 13 comprises a simulation body 83 subjected to a predetermined treatment during surgical operation training, a holder 84 for holding the simulation body 83 from below, a support 85 for supporting the holder 84 workably, a wire 86 for coupling the holder 84 with the support 85, and a control unit 71 for controlling operation of the holder 84. The wire 86 is formed of a shape memory material which can contract from an original shape when a current flows through the wire. The control unit 71 comprises a drive signal generating means 114 for supplying a current to the wire 86 at a predetermined timing and for performing operation control on the holder 84 with a change in the shape of the wire 86 by varying the supply state of current to the wire 86.

Abstract: This system is a system for analyzing blood flow which imposes a boundary condition relating to the blood flow to three dimensional shape data of a target vascular site of a subject and divides a lumen of the target vascular site into meshes for obtaining state quantities of the blood flow at each mesh position by means of computation, having: a labeling unit, by a computer, for reading out the three dimensional shape data on the lumen of the target vascular site, and labeling a plurality of vascular elements included in the target vascular based on a size of the cross-sectional area of each of the vascular elements; wherein, the computation of the state quantities is carried out by varying a level of mesh detail for each vascular element based on the labeling according to the size of the cross-sectional area.

Abstract: A system for evaluating training 1 comprises a pulsating flow generating unit 11 for imparting a pulsating flow to a designated fluid, a coronary artery flow generating unit 12 that branches off from that pulsating flow generating unit 11 and by which a flow condition of that pulsating flow can be converted to generate a coronary artery flow, and a surgery training unit 13 provided between the pulsating flow generating unit 11 and the coronary artery flow generating unit 12 and that operates to enable coronary artery bypass surgery training under pulsation. This system for evaluating training 1 has a circuit configured to enable the coronary artery flow fluid generated by the coronary artery flow generating unit 12 to pass through a simulated blood vessel that has been subjected to a designated treatment in training using the surgery training unit 13.

Abstract: This system is a computer-based system for analyzing a blood flow at a target vascular site of a subject by means of a computer simulation, having a three-dimensional shape extraction unit, by a computer, for reading a captured image at the target vascular site and generating three-dimensional data representing a shape of a lumen of the target vascular site; a fluid dynamics analysis unit, by a computer, for determining state quantities (pressure and flow velocity) of blood flow at each position of the lumen of the target vascular site by means of computation by imposing boundary conditions relating to blood flow to the three-dimensional shape data; a blood flow characteristic determination unit for determining, from the state quantities of the blood flow determined by the fluid dynamics analysis unit, a wall shear stress vector at each position of the lumen wall surface of the target vascular site, determining relative relationship between a direction of the wall shear stress vector at a specific wall surfac

Abstract: An array substrate includes a gate line on a substrate including a pixel region, the gate line extending in one direction; a gate electrode in the pixel region and extending from the gate line; a gate insulating layer on the gate line and the gate electrode; a data line on the gate insulating layer and crossing the gate line to define the pixel region; an oxide semiconductor layer on the gate insulating layer and having three ends, the oxide semiconductor layer corresponding to the gate electrode; an etch stopper on the oxide semiconductor layer to expose the three ends of the oxide semiconductor layer; a source electrode contacting two ends of the three ends of the oxide semiconductor layer and extending from the data line; and a drain electrode contacting one end of the three ends of the oxide semiconductor layer and spaced apart from the source electrode.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to an aspherical light emitting diode (LED) lens and a light emitting device including the same. The aspherical LED lens includes a light exit plane concavely depressed near a central axis, a light entrance plane including a conical plane having a vertex located on the central axis, and a plurality of protrusions arranged on a portion of a side surface of the light exit plane. The aspherical LED lens has a radially symmetrical structure with respect to the central axis.

Abstract: An audio device and an output method thereof are provided. The audio device includes: an envelope detector configured to detect an envelope of an input audio signal; a power supply which includes a linear power supply (LPS) and a switching-mode power supply (SMPS); an amplifier configured to amplify the input audio signal; an output unit configured to output the audio signal amplified by the amplifier; and a controller configured to compare a voltage level of the detected envelope with a preset level, select one of the LPS and the SMPS based on a result of the comparison, and control the power supply to supply power from the selected one of the LPS and the SMPS to the amplifier.

Abstract: A method of outputting an audio signal includes receiving an audio signal; generating a carrier waves having phases differing from each other; generating modulation signals by comparing the respective carrier waves with the audio signal; amplifying the modulation signals; and outputting the amplified modulation signals.

Abstract: A substrate-bonding apparatus for a display device, and which includes a chamber unit configured to bond a carrier substrate to a substrate for manufacturing the display device; a first surface plate provided inside the chamber unit and configured to support the substrate; a supporting unit provided inside the chamber unit and configured bring the carrier substrate into contact with the substrate supported by the first surface plate; and a pressure-adjusting unit communicating with the chamber unit and configured to change a vacuum pressure from a low vacuum pressure to a high pressure in multiple steps inside the chamber unit while the carrier substrate is brought into contact with the substrate to bond the carrier substrate to the substrate without adhesive material between the carrier substrate and the substrate.

Abstract: A method of driving a display panel includes generating a gate on voltage, a first gate off voltage and a second gate off voltage. A clock signal is generated based upon the gate on voltage and the second gate off voltage. A first panel gate off voltage substantially the same as the first gate off voltage and a second panel gate off voltage substantially the same as the second gate off voltage are generated in a first operating mode. A first panel gate off voltage greater than the first gate off voltage and a second panel gate off voltage greater than the second gate off voltage are generated in a second operating mode. A gate signal is generated based upon the clock signal and the first and second panel gate off voltages to a gate line of the display panel.

Abstract: A blood vessel model for medical training not deforming with time and approximated to a real blood vessel without using any other tool when the blood vessel wall of the simulated blood vessel is incised or cut off. The blood vessel model 10 includes a simulated blood vessel 11 simulating a blood vessel and artificially fabricated and a base 12 supporting the simulated blood vessel 11. The simulated blood vessel 11 has a circumferentially exposed part and the other part buried in the base 12. The base 12 has a jointed part 24 disposed in a position below the simulated blood vessel 11 and formed by joining forming edges 26A, 26A of a cutout 26 extending along the simulated blood vessel 11 to impart a tensile stress in the diameter-increasing direction to the simulated blood vessel 11.

Abstract: Provided is a laser processing apparatus for a light guide plate capable of providing a high-quality light guide plate by maintaining a light path at a constant level. The laser processing apparatus includes a plurality of reflecting mirrors that reflect a laser mirror; and a path adjustment block transported in a direction a distance of the light path is reduced when a laser emitting unit is transported in a direction in which the distance of the light path is increased, wherein at least one of the plurality of reflecting mirrors is installed in the path adjustment block, thereby maintaining the distance of the entire light path on which the laser beam propagates at a constant level.

Abstract: Provided are a semiconductor device and a method of forming the semiconductor device. The semiconductor device includes an active region of which an edge is curved. The semiconductor device includes a gate insulating layer, a floating gate, a gate interlayer dielectric layer and a control gate line on the active region. The semiconductor device includes an oxide pattern having a concave top surface between adjacent floating gates. The control gate may be sufficiently spaced apart from the active region by the oxide pattern. The method can provide a semiconductor device that includes a reoxidation process, an active region having a curved edge and an oxide pattern having a top surface of a curved concave shape.

Abstract: A multilayer metal structure is provided that includes an inner layer of metal materials which are not titanium and outer layers on both sides of the inner layer which are formed by rolling titanium powders. A method for manufacturing the multilayer metal structure is provided that includes preparing titanium powders and metal materials which are not titanium, feeding the titanium powders and the metal materials to a vertical type rolling mill, simultaneously rolling the titanium powders and the metal materials by the rolling mill and forming the multilayer metal structure consisting of an inner layer and outer layers on both sides of the inner layer, and post-forming the multilayer metal structure to increase a packing density.