Abstract: An audio power amplifier provides a virtual ground to reduce power on/off noise and a method for processing a signal in the audio power amplifier. The audio power amplifier includes a switching amplifier to amplify a small output pulse width modulation (PWM) signal so as to generate a large output PWM signal, a pulse generating unit to generate a pulse signal having the same level as that of the PWM signal level, a first low pass filter to allow the large output PWM signal amplified by the switching amplifier to be low-pass filtered so as to restore the PWM signal to an audio signal, and a second low pass filter to allow the pulse signal generated by the pulse signal generating unit to be low-pass filtered so as to convert the pulse signal into a virtual ground voltage with respect to the restored audio signal.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus to reproduce a multi-channel audio signal, in which mixing of a center channel signal is performed with a center channel signal in a home theater system. The method of reproducing a multi-channel audio signal includes calculating a delay value of a center channel signal according to location relationships of a listener, a center channel speaker and other channel speakers, regulating a time delay of the center channel signal according to the calculated delay value, and mixing the time-delay regulated center channel signal with other channel signals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing ?-lipoic acid (LA) as an active ingredient. ?-lipoic acid is an inhibitor of fractalkine expression, and exhibits effects of alleviating inflammation due to endotoxemia by decreasing expression of fractalkine and attachment of endothelial cells to monocytes in endothelial cells of an LPS-induced endotoxemia model.

Abstract: Disclosed is a digital X-ray image detector using an FED, including an upper substrate and a lower substrate disposed to face each other; an anode formed beneath the upper substrate; a photoconductive layer formed beneath the anode for forming electron-hole pairs using X-rays; a cathode formed on the lower substrate; an emitter formed on the cathode for emitting electrons of the cathode; a gate electrode formed on an insulating layer provided around the emitter on the cathode; and a data processing part for converting information about the electron-hole pairs formed in the photoconductive layer by the X-rays, transferred from the anode, to digital data through signal processing including filtering, amplification, storage, or A/D conversion. The high performance digital X-ray image detector of this invention has a high image resolution and a large area, is easy to manufacture and process compared to conventional processes, and has excellent detection efficiency of electrical signals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a resin composition including a cardo resin. Exemplary resin compositions can include (a) a cardo resin having a structural unit represented by Formula 1, (b) a reactive unsaturated compound, (c) an initiator, and (d) a solvent, wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C1-C5 alkyl group, R3 is a vinyl, acryl or methacryl group, Z represents the residue of an acid anhydride or dianhydride, X is —CO—, —SO2—, —C(CF3)2—, —Si(CH3)2— and k is integer from 1 to 40. Further disclosed is a color filter which includes a fine pattern formed using the composition. The color filter can exhibit superior resistance to heat and chemicals, improved developability, and good adhesiveness.

Abstract: A mobile communication terminal and a controlling method thereof are disclosed, by which reception performance of the mobile communication terminal can be enhanced while SAR is reduced. According to an embodiment, the terminal includes a body part comprising a circuit board having radio communication parts mounted thereon and a display to output images of prescribed information; a grounded part for selectively grounding at least one of the circuit board and the display; and a ground controlling part configured to enable at least one of the circuit board and the display to be selectively connected to the grounded part for grounding.

Abstract: An error correction method and apparatus to enhance performance of a switching power amplifier through digital feedback of an audio pulse width modulation (PWM) signal. The error correction apparatus includes a PWM unit to convert an audio signal into a PWM signal, a power stage unit to switch and amplify power of the PWM signal generated by the PWM unit, an error signal extraction unit to compare a reference PWM signal generated in the PWM unit with the PWM signal output from the power stage unit, thereby extracting an error signal, a remodulation unit to compare the error signal extracted in the error signal extraction unit with a reference signal having a predetermined slope, thereby modulating the error signal to an error PWM signal, and a signal correction unit to correct an error, by changing the pulse width of the PWM unit according to the error PWM signal generated in the remodulation unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to supply a power voltage to a mobile device in a variable manner in order to provide high output power and a high quality sound environment and a mobile device using the same. The apparatus includes a volume control unit to detect installation of an external power supply and to generate a voltage control value corresponding to a current volume level, and a DC-DC converter unit to convert a voltage of an internal power supply in a variable manner on the basis of the voltage control value generated in the volume control unit in order to drive the switching power amplifier.

Abstract: A digital audio system to store and reproduce a digital PWM signal and a method of processing an audio signal. The method includes; converting an audio source signal into a digital pulse width modulation (PWM) signal through a series of signal processing processes and storing the PWM signal in a separate storage medium, when an audio signal is reproduced, reading the digital PWM signal stored in the storage medium and decoding the signal into an analog PWM signal, and performing a power switching operation with the decoded analog PWM signal and extracting an audio signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a catalyst which is used in a process of producing acrolein and acrylic acid by the reaction of oxygen-containing gas and propylene. According to the present invention, a sublimable material, such as urea (NH2CONH2), melamine (C3H6N6), ammonium oxalate (C2H8N2O4), methyl oxalate (C4H6O4) or naphthalene (C10H8), is added as a catalyst additive in the preparation of the catalyst. Using the catalyst prepared by the present invention, acrolein and acrylic can be produced at high yield.

Abstract: A method of operating a non-volatile memory device is disclosed. The memory cell includes a channel region separating a source region and a drain region, a tunnel insulating layer, a charge storage layer, and a gate electrode formed over the channel region. The method includes applying a negative voltage to the gate electrode and applying a positive voltage to at least one of the source and drain regions to inject holes into the tunnel insulating layer and thereby remove electrons trapped in the tunnel insulating layer.

Abstract: A method of forming a contactless nonvolatile memory device includes preparing a semiconductor substrate including a cell array region, forming a plurality of mask patterns being parallel to each other on the semiconductor substrate in the cell array region, etching the semiconductor substrate using the mask patterns as an etch mask to form a plurality of recess regions, forming a gate insulating layer on sidewalls and bottoms of the recess regions, forming a floating gate layer on an upper surface of the semiconductor substrate to fill the recess regions, planarizing the floating gate layer to expose upper surfaces of the mask patterns and to form floating gate patterns in the recess regions, forming buried impurity diffusion regions in the semiconductor substrate under the mask patterns, forming an intergate dielectric layer, forming a control gate layer, and patterning the control gate layer, the intergate dielectric layer and the floating gate pattern to form a plurality of parallel word lines crossing th

Abstract: A lead frame and a light emitting device package using the same are disclosed. More particularly, a lead frame and a light emitting device package using the lead frame which can be easily manufactured and employ a multi-chip structure. The light emitting device package includes a first frame including a heat sink, a second frame coupled to an upper side of the first frame, the second frame including at least one pair of leads and a mount formed with a hole, and a molded structure for coupling the first and second frames to each other.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of driving a liquid crystal display device is disclosed in the present invention. The liquid crystal display device includes a plurality of data lines, a plurality of gate lines crossing the data lines, a plurality of first liquid crystal cells on a first side of the data lines, a plurality of second liquid crystal cells on a second side of the data lines, a first switching part in each of the first liquid crystal cells and controlled by the ith gate line and the (i+2)th gate line (wherein i is a natural number), and a second switching part in each of the second liquid crystal cells and controlled by the ith gate line.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an LCD device includes forming a gate bus line, a gate insulating layer, an active layer, and a source/drain metal layer on a transparent insulating substrate; etching the source/drain metal layer and active layer to form a source/drain electrode and a channel layer while forming a metal protection pattern in a peripheral region of the transparent insulating substrate; forming a protection layer and a pixel electrode on the insulating substrate; forming a main seal line at an interior region of the array substrate, forming a first auxiliary seal line between the metal protection pattern and the main seal line, and forming second and third auxiliary seal lines; and attaching a color filter substrate to the array substrate via the main seal line.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices including a plurality of semiconductor layers. A plurality of transistors are on each of the semiconductor layers. The transistors include gate lines and have source regions and drain regions formed between the gate lines in the respective semiconductor layer including the transistors. The semiconductor devices further include a plurality of local source line structures. Each of the local source line structures is positioned on a corresponding one of the semiconductor layers and connects a plurality of the source regions formed on the corresponding one of the semiconductor layers. Methods of forming the semiconductor devices are also provided.

Abstract: A multi-channel digital amplifier system to generate a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal having a different switching frequency in each channel, and a signal processing method thereof. The digital amplifier system includes a PWM conversion unit to convert a plurality of audio signals on a plurality of channels into low output power PWM signals having switching frequencies that are different from each other, a switching circuit unit to amplify the plurality of low output power PWM signals to a plurality of high power output PWM signals on the respective channels, and a filter unit to restore the plurality of high output power PWM signals to a plurality of analog audio signals on the respective channels.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating flue gas using a single-stage gas dispersing tray, which removes sulfur dioxide from the flue gas exhausted from a thermal power plant. Oxidation air is injected into the lower portion of an absorption slurry riser so as to decrease the density of a gas-liquid (slurry) mixture rising through the absorption slurry riser, and a difference of densities of absorption slurry between the inside and the outside of an overflow weir serve as a driving force for circulating the absorption slurry positioned on and under the gas dispersing tray so as to maximize the amount of the circulating absorption slurry. Thereby, the apparatus has a high SO2 removal efficiency even at a low operating pH and a low absorber pressure drop.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a nonvolatile memory device includes preparing a semiconductor substrate including a cell array region. The method also includes forming a recessed region in the cell array region by etching the semiconductor substrate. The method includes etching at least a portion of the semiconductor substrate that partially includes the recessed region and forming first and second trenches that differ in depth, intersect the recessed region, and link with each other. The method includes forming a device isolation layer having rugged bottoms and defining an active region by filling an insulating material in the first and second trenches. The method includes forming a gate insulation layer on the semiconductor substrate of the active region including the recessed region and forming a gate structure on the gate insulation layer, to fill the recessed region, the gate structure including a floating gate, an intergate insulating pattern, and a control gate.

Abstract: Provided are a catalyst composition comprising a bidentate ligand, a monodentate ligand, and a transition metal catalyst and a process of hydroformylation of olefin compounds, comprising reacting the olefin compound with a gas mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide while being stirred at elevated pressures and temperatures in the presence of the catalyst composition to produce an aldehyde. The catalytic composition demonstrates the high catalytic activity and option control of selectivity to normal aldehyde or iso aldehyde (N/I selectivity) to a desired value.