Abstract: Provided are a semiconductor device and a method of forming the semiconductor device. The semiconductor device includes an active region of which an edge is curved. The semiconductor device includes a gate insulating layer, a floating gate, a gate interlayer dielectric layer and a control gate line on the active region. The semiconductor device includes an oxide pattern having a concave top surface between adjacent floating gates. The control gate may be sufficiently spaced apart from the active region by the oxide pattern. The method can provide a semiconductor device that includes a reoxidation process, an active region having a curved edge and an oxide pattern having a top surface of a curved concave shape.

Abstract: A multilayer metal structure is provided that includes an inner layer of metal materials which are not titanium and outer layers on both sides of the inner layer which are formed by rolling titanium powders. A method for manufacturing the multilayer metal structure is provided that includes preparing titanium powders and metal materials which are not titanium, feeding the titanium powders and the metal materials to a vertical type rolling mill, simultaneously rolling the titanium powders and the metal materials by the rolling mill and forming the multilayer metal structure consisting of an inner layer and outer layers on both sides of the inner layer, and post-forming the multilayer metal structure to increase a packing density.

Abstract: To provide a leak detecting sensor capable of favorably detecting a leak of a chemical liquid regardless of orientation in fixing to a patient. The leak detecting sensor has a plurality of light-emitting elements 11 each emitting light to be applied to the patient, and a single light-receiving element receiving the light emitted by the plurality of light-emitting elements and reflected by the patient. The plurality of light-emitting elements are placed to surround the single light-receiving element.

Abstract: A switching power amplifier having a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal generation unit that converts an input audio signal into a PWM signal with a predetermined carrier frequency, a correction unit that corrects the difference between an audio signal included in the PWM signal and a negative feedback output audio signal to generate a corrected PWM signal, a low pass filter that removes a high-frequency component from the corrected PWM signal, a frequency modulation unit that modulates the corrected PWM signal so that the corrected PWM signal has a switching frequency different from the carrier frequency of the input PWM signal to generate a modulated PWM signal, and a power amplification unit that amplifies a power of the modulated PWM signal.

Abstract: A method of controlling power supply voltage of an audio amplifier delays an input audio signal; estimates, with a digital signal processor, an audio output level of the delayed input audio signal based on correlations between the delayed input audio signal level and audio level change factors; sets a value of power supply voltage supplied to a power switching circuit unit in correspondence with the estimated audio output level prior to outputting the delayed input audio signal on which the estimated audio output level is based; and amplifies the delayed audio input signal to provide an audio output signal by variably controlling the power supply voltage supplied to the power switching circuit unit according to the set value of power supply voltage.

Abstract: A mobile communication terminal and a controlling method thereof are disclosed, by which reception performance of the mobile communication terminal can be enhanced while SAR is reduced. According to an embodiment, the terminal includes a body part comprising a circuit board having radio communication parts mounted thereon and a display to output images of prescribed information; a grounded part for selectively grounding at least one of the circuit board and the display; and a ground controlling part configured to enable at least one of the circuit board and the display to be selectively connected to the grounded part for grounding.

Abstract: Provided are an audio signal processing apparatus and method. The audio signal processing apparatus includes: a sensing unit for sensing an impedance value of a headphone and adjusting a gain to be applied to an audio signal based on the sensed impedance value; and an amplifier for generating an output audio signal by receiving at least one bias voltage corresponding to the adjusted gain and amplifying the input audio signal according to the adjusted gain. The audio signal processing apparatus is capable of appropriately adjusting the magnitude of an acoustic signal output from a headphone, according to the product specifications of the headphone.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to supply a power voltage to a mobile device in a variable manner in order to provide high output power and a high quality sound environment and a mobile device using the same. The apparatus includes a volume control unit to detect installation of an external power supply and to generate a voltage control value corresponding to a current volume level, and a DC-DC converter unit to convert a voltage of an internal power supply in a variable manner on the basis of the voltage control value generated in the volume control unit in order to drive the switching power amplifier.

Abstract: To provide a mixing device, a mixing tube, a drug solution injecting system, and a drug solution mixing method capable of evenly and efficiently mixing a plurality of kinds of drug solutions. The mixing device according to the present invention includes: a swirling flow generating chamber; a first inflow opening for introducing a first drug solution into the swirling flow generating chamber in a direction parallel to a central axis of the swirling flow; a second inflow opening for introducing a second drug solution into the swirling flow generating chamber so as to generate a swirling flow of the second drug solution having a specific gravity lower than that of the first drug solution; an outflow opening for discharging a mixed drug solution; and a narrowing chamber which is interposed between the swirling flow generating chamber and the outflow opening and has a space continuously narrowed toward the outflow opening.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to supply a power voltage to a mobile device in a variable manner in order to provide high output power and a high quality sound environment and a mobile device using the same. The apparatus includes a volume control unit to detect installation of an external power supply and to generate a voltage control value corresponding to a current volume level, and a DC-DC converter unit to convert a voltage of an internal power supply in a variable manner on the basis of the voltage control value generated in the volume control unit in order to drive the switching power amplifier.

Abstract: An apparatus for outputting audio signals. The apparatus for outputting audio signals includes a pulse density modulation (PDM) unit for PDM modulating an input audio signal to output a modulated audio signal, a driving signal generator for generating at least one driving signal to control switching amplification operations based on the modulated audio signal, and a power switching amplifier having at least one switch that is turned on or turned off in response to the driving signal and performs the switching amplification operations for using the at least one switch to output an amplified audio signal that corresponds to the modulated audio signal, wherein the at least one switch includes at least one from among a gallium nitride (GaN) transistor, gallium arsenide (GaAs) transistor, and a silicon carbide (SiC) transistor.

Abstract: An audio signal output apparatus includes a modulation signal generator for generating a first modulation signal by pulse-modulating an input audio signal of one channel using a first carrier signal or a first sampling clock, which has a first frequency; a vacuum tube filter unit comprising a vacuum tube and for generating a vacuum tube signal by allowing the first modulation signal to pass through the vacuum tube; a frequency modulation unit for generating a second modulation signal by pulse-modulating the vacuum tube signal; and a power switching amplifier for outputting an amplification signal corresponding to the second modulation signal.

Abstract: An audio signal output apparatus including an audio signal input unit which receives an audio signal; a digital signal processor (DSP) which estimates an output power corresponding to the received audio signal, and adjusts at least one of a gain value to be applied to the received audio signal and the output power of the received audio signal according to a period for which the estimated output power exceeds a rated maximum output power and a difference between the estimated output power and the rated maximum output power; and an audio signal output unit which generates, amplifies, and outputs a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal corresponding to the received audio signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to supply a power voltage to a mobile device in a variable manner in order to provide high output power and a high quality sound environment and a mobile device using the same. The apparatus includes a volume control unit to detect installation of an external power supply and to generate a voltage control value corresponding to a current volume level, and a DC-DC converter unit to convert a voltage of an internal power supply in a variable manner on the basis of the voltage control value generated in the volume control unit in order to drive the switching power amplifier.

Abstract: Disclosed is a resin composition including a cardo resin. Exemplary resin compositions can include (a) a cardo resin having a structural unit represented by Formula 1, (b) a reactive unsaturated compound, (c) an initiator, and (d) a solvent, wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C1-C5 alkyl group, R3 is a vinyl, acryl or methacryl group, Z represents the residue of an acid anhydride or dianhydride, X is —CO—, —SO2—, —C(CF3)2—, —Si(CH3)2—, —CH2—, —C(CH3)2—, —O—, (R4?H, Et, C2H4Cl, C2H4OH, CH2CH?CH2 or Ph), and k is integer from 1 to 40. Further disclosed is a color filter which includes a fine pattern formed using the composition. The color filter can exhibit superior resistance to heat and chemicals, improved developability, and good adhesiveness.

Abstract: A method of driving a display panel includes generating a gate on voltage, a first gate off voltage and a second gate off voltage. A clock signal is generated based upon the gate on voltage and the second gate off voltage. A first panel gate off voltage substantially the same as the first gate off voltage and a second panel gate off voltage substantially the same as the second gate off voltage are generated in a first operating mode. A first panel gate off voltage greater than the first gate off voltage and a second panel gate off voltage greater than the second gate off voltage are generated in a second operating mode. A gate signal is generated based upon the clock signal and the first and second panel gate off voltages to a gate line of the display panel.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for reproducing a sound signal are provided. The method includes generating an output sound signal to be transmitted to speakers by transmitting a first input sound signal through a filter; acquiring magnitude information of the output sound signal; determining frequency response parameters related to frequency responses of the filter based on the magnitude information; and adaptively adjusting coefficients of the filter based on the determined frequency response parameters.

Abstract: A blood vessel model for medical training not deforming with time and approximated to a real blood vessel without using any other tool when the blood vessel wall of the simulated blood vessel is incised or cut off. The blood vessel model 10 includes a simulated blood vessel 11 simulating a blood vessel and artificially fabricated and a base 12 supporting the simulated blood vessel 11. The simulated blood vessel 11 has a circumferentially exposed part and the other part buried in the base 12. The base 12 has a jointed part 24 disposed in a position below the simulated blood vessel 11 and formed by joining forming edges 26A, 26A of a cutout 26 extending along the simulated blood vessel 11 to impart a tensile stress in the diameter-increasing direction to the simulated blood vessel 11.

Abstract: A surgical operation training device 13 comprises a simulation body 83 subjected to a predetermined treatment during surgical operation training, a holder 84 for holding the simulation body 83 from below, a support 85 for supporting the holder 84 workably, a wire 86 for coupling the holder 84 with the support 85, and a control unit 71 for controlling operation of the holder 84. The wire 86 is formed of a shape memory material which can contract from an original shape when a current flows through the wire. The control unit 71 comprises a drive signal generating means 114 for supplying a current to the wire 86 at a predetermined timing and for performing operation control on the holder 84 with a change in the shape of the wire 86 by varying the supply state of current to the wire 86.

Abstract: A touch controller to be used by a touch screen device to provide a touch position is disclosed, including a plurality of capacitance sensing channels that each provide an analog signal responsive to a touch on a screen; a channel multiplexer to select at least one of the plurality of channels; an analog-to-digital converter to change the analog signal of the selected capacitance sensing channel to a digital signal; a noise detecting channel coupled to a noise analog-to-digital converter to generate a noise digital signal; a noise blocking timing generation block that combines a time shifted digital signal and a blocking signal, wherein the time shifted digital signal is formed by time shifting the digital signal and the blocking signal is related to the noise signal; a capacitance calculating block coupled to the noise blocking time generation block to calculate capacitance values for each of the capacitance sensing channels; and a position calculation unit to find the touch position on the screen based on t