Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display of a time divisional color display, which includes a plurality of pixels having liquid crystal capacitors, respectively, and light is not supplied to some pixels and light supplied to other pixels. Preferably, data voltages are applied to the pixels to which light is not supplied and data voltages are not applied to the pixel to which light is supplied. Accordingly, since a liquid crystal panel assembly is divided into several areas to be scanned sequentially and a light source of a light source unit corresponding to the area being scanned is maintained in light-off state, it is possible to secure enough data scan time as well as to increase light-on-time of the light sources. With this, time to charge electric charges of the liquid crystal capacitors is increased to improve image quality, and, according as light-on time of the light sources is increased, clearness of the image quality is also increased.

Abstract: A diffusing unit includes: a polarizing plate; and a diffusing layer integrally provided on a surface of the polarizing plate without an air layer therebetween. By using a display apparatus employing a collimating light guide plate and the diffusing unit, the optical performances such as resolution and viewing angle can be improved. Also, because gray scale inversion and color shifts can be reduced or eliminated using collimated light, image quality of the display apparatus can be improved.

Abstract: Provided is an optical guide bar including: a light exit portion; light incident portions, on which light is incident, formed on both sides of the light exit portion; and a reflective portion facing the light exit portion and including a prism pattern that reflects light transmitted through the light incident portions towards the light exit portion. A shape of the reflective portion is determined in consideration of an effective light emission width of the light incident portion so that the intensity of light at any portion of the reflective portion is uniform.

Abstract: Disclosed is a non-volatile memory cell. The non-volatile memory cell includes a substrate having an active area. A bottom dielectric layer is disposed over the active area of the substrate which provides tunneling migration to the charge carriers towards the active area. A charge storage node is disposed above the bottom dielectric layer. Further, the non-volatile memory cell includes a plurality of top dielectric layers disposed above the charge storage node. Each of the plurality of top dielectric layers can be tuned with a set of attributes for reducing a leakage current through the plurality of top dielectric layers. Over the plurality of top dielectric layers, a control gate is disposed.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a semiconductor device using a spacer as an etch mask for forming a fine pattern is described. The process includes forming a hard mask layer over a target layer that is desired to be etched. A sacrificial layer pattern is subsequently formed over the hard mask layer. Spacers are formed on the sidewalls of the sacrificial layer pattern. The protective layer is formed on the hard mask layer portions between the sacrificial patterns formed with the spacer. The sacrificial layer pattern and the protective layer are then later removed, respectively. The hard mask layer is etched using the spacer as an etching mask. After etching, the spacer is removed. Finally, the target layer is etched using the etched hard mask as an etching mask.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is manufactured by forming a low dielectric constant layer on a semiconductor substrate which is formed with metal lines; implementing primary ultraviolet treatment of the low dielectric constant layer; forming a capping layer on the low dielectric constant layer having undergone the primary ultraviolet treatment; and implementing secondary ultraviolet treatment of the low dielectric constant layer including the capping layer.

Abstract: This invention is related to a reactive nanoparticular cyclodextrin derivative useful as a porogen and a low dielectric matrix, with excellent mechanical properties and uniformly distributed nanopores, manufactured by sol-gel reaction of the above reactive cyclodextrin. Furthermore, this invention also is related to an ultralow dielectric film, with uniformly distributed nanopores, a relatively high porosity of 51%, and a relatively low dielectric constant of 1.6, manufactured by thin-filming of the conventional organic or inorganic silicate precursor by using the above reactive nanoparticular cyclodextrin derivative as a porogen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ultra-low dielectric film for a copper interconnect, in particular, to an porous film prepared in such a manner that coating with an organic solution containing a polyalkyl silsesquioxane precursor or its copolymer as a matrix and acetylcyclodextrin nanoparticles as a template and then performing a sol-gel reaction and heat treatment at higher temperature. The present films may contain the template of up to 60 vol %, due to the use of acetylcyclodextrin, and have homogeneously distributed pores with the size of no more than 5 nm in the matrix. In addition, the present films exhibit a relatively low dielectric constant of about 1.5, and excellent interconnectivity between pores, so that they are considered a promising ultra-low dielectric film for a copper interconnect.

Abstract: A front light unit and a flat panel display apparatus including the front light unit are provided. The front light unit includes a light source unit and a light guide plate (LGP) which has a plate shape and which guides light emitted by the light source unit. The LGP has a rear surface through which the guided light exits and a front surface opposing the rear surface. The front light unit also includes a front polarizing plate disposed opposite the front surface of the LGP. The front polarizing plate has a polarizer which transmits only light polarized in one direction. The flat panel display apparatus including the front light unit can provide an improved contrast ratio on a front side thereof.

Abstract: A pixel circuit of an organic EL display includes an EL device, first and second switching devices, a driving thin film transistor, and a capacitor. The first switching device switches data voltages applied to data lines in response to the selection signal applied to a scan line and the second switching device connects gate and drain of the driving thin film transistor in response to a compensation signal applied to a compensation line. The driving thin film transistor supplies electric current to the organic EL device in response to the data voltage inputted to a gate from the first switching device and the capacitor maintains the data voltage applied to the gate of the driving thin film transistor for a predetermined period.

Abstract: A double-sided display device is provided which includes: a light source; a polarized light guide having a first layer having an incident surface which receives light from the light source and which guides the light; a second layer formed on the first layer of an optically isotropic material, on which beam out-coupling units are repeatedly arranged; and a third layer formed of an optically anisotropic material disposed on the second layer, which polarizes and out-couples light illuminated from the light source; and a double-sided display panel which displays images on both sides using the light out-coupled from the polarized light guide.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display with an improved viewing angle and brightness is provided. The liquid crystal display includes a light source unit and a polarized light guide plate having an incident surface onto which unpolarized light from the light source unit is incident. The polarized light guide plate polarizes, collimates, and out-couples the incident light. The liquid crystal display also includes a liquid crystal panel which modulates the light out-coupled and illuminated from the polarized light guide plate to form images, and a diffusion layer which diffuses the light modulated in the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: An FIR filter of a DS-CDMA UWB modem transmitter and a control method thereof are disclosed. The FIR filter includes an LUT control device for outputting a resultant value of “0” to all adders if data values corresponding to upper three chips H2, M2 and L2 and lower three chips H, M and L are “000000”, and discriminating which group between a first group and a second group the upper/lower data values belong to if the upper/lower data values are not“000000”. The LUT control device provides upper or lower LUT values to the adders using the upper or lower LUT values as they are, or converts the upper or lower LUT values into 2's complements and provides the converted values to the adders according to the discriminated first or second group.

Abstract: A reactive cyclodextrin derivative or a reactive glucose derivative is used as a template derivative for forming an ultra-low dielectric layer. A layer is formed of the reactive cyclodextrin derivative or the reactive glucose derivative capped with Si—H and then cured in an atmosphere of hydrogen peroxide to form the ultra-low dielectric layer.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing shade correction for a lens in an image sensor includes a gain profile extractor, a common profile calculator, a gain controller calculator, and a memory device. The gain profile extractor generates a respective channel gain profile for each of a plurality of color channels from image data. The common profile calculator generates a common profile from the channel gain profiles. The gain controller calculator generates a respective gain controller for each of the plurality of color channels from the common profile and the channel gain profiles. A memory device stores the common profile and the gain controllers.

Abstract: An inverter for a display includes; an inverter controller generating a carrier signal for pulse width modulation and a lamp driving signal having on-time and off-time by pulse width modulating a dimming signal based on the carrier signal and controlling the on-time of the lamp driving signal in response to at least one of a vertical synchronization signal and a vertical synchronization start signal from the signal controller, a power switching element transmitting a DC voltage in response to a signal from the inverter controller, and a voltage booster for driving a lamp in response to a signal from the switching element, wherein the inverter controller includes a control block which generates the carrier signal and the lamp driving signal, a time constant setting block which determines a time constant of the carrier signal, and an initiation block which resets the time constant given by the time constant setting block.

Abstract: An inverter of driving a light source for a display device is provided. The inverter includes a temperature sensor sensing a temperature and generating an output voltage based on the sensed temperature, a buffer generating an output signal having a state depending on the output voltage of the temperature sensor, an oscillator generating an oscillating signal having a frequency depending on the state of the output signal of the buffer, and an inverter performing a switching operation in response to the oscillating signal from the oscillator. Therefore, the inverter increases the voltage applied to the light source when the temperature near the light source is lower than a predetermined temperature since the frequency of the oscillating signal is increased.

Abstract: Provided are a collimator for a backlight unit and a liquid crystal display (LCD) using the collimator. The collimator includes a plate including a plurality of light passing areas, passing light incident from the backlight unit, and light non-passing areas formed among the plurality of light passing areas. The light passing areas comprise reflective surfaces which are inclined toward a plane of the plate and a direction perpendicular to the plane of the plate to reduce an emission angle of reflected light emitted toward the LCD panel more than an incidence angle of light incident onto the light passing areas.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for controlling a voltage gain in an ultra wideband receiving apparatus. The apparatus includes a register for storing an Automatic Gain Control (AGC) value detected in a section where an AGC operation control signal is “ON”; and a voltage gain controller for generating a voltage gain control value by reading the AGC stored in the register during a section where a reception enable signal is “ON”, and transferring the generated voltage gain control value to a voltage gain amplifier.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for detecting a time-frequency code in an MB-OFDM UWB system. The apparatus includes a controller for providing a band selection signal to the RF receiver and outputting a preamble selection signal at regular symbol periods to calculate a cross correlation value for a predetermine time period more than a beacon frame interval when a time-frequency code search start signal is received; and a cross correlator for storing information on preamble patterns, selecting a preamble stored depending on the preamble selection signal, and calculating a cross correlation value for a digital signal transferred through the RF receiver, wherein the controller determines a time-frequency code using a preamble where a peak occurs as a time-frequency code that is currently in use when a peak signal is inputted based on the calculated cross correlation value, and transmits the determined time-frequency code to the MAC receiver.