Abstract: In accordance with example embodiments of the invention there is at least a method and apparatus to perform determining, by a network node, context information of a group of more than one user equipment, wherein the context information is based on at least service related information associated with the more than one user equipment; sending information comprising the context information towards at least one base station of a communication network; and based on the context information, negotiating with the at least one base station timing synchronization requirements for distribution to each user equipment of the group.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus comprising: means for determining (800) that a relay user equipment associated with the apparatus is unavailable; means for abstaining (802) from attempting any direct network access and/or any indirect network access via another relay user equipment not associated with the apparatus during a time period; and means for attempting (804) at least one indirect network access via the relay user equipment associated with the apparatus during the time period.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for configuring a dual-mode SL LCH with simultaneous mode 1 and mode 2 transmission are provided. One method may include configuring one or more dual-mode sidelink (SL) logical channels (LCHs) to at least one user equipment to enable simultaneous sidelink mode 1 and sidelink mode 2 transmission. The method may also include receiving, from the at least one user equipment, at least one sidelink (SL) buffer status report (BSR) that may optionally comprise buffer status for one or more of the configured dual-mode logical channels (LCHs) according to a network configuration, and transmitting, to the at least one user equipment, a resource allocation that can be applied for the dual-mode logical channels (LCHs) according to the network configuration.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus comprising: means for determining a communication request associated with relay discovery and selection for a user equipment-to-network, U2N, relay connection establishment for a first user equipment, UE, and means for, based on the communication request, providing, to a U2N relay UE via at least one first user equipment-to-user equipment, U2U, relay UE, the communication request using an established relay chain between the U2N relay UE and a second UE via the at least one first U2U relay UE.

Abstract: A method for positioning in a sidelink communication. The method includes detecting, by an anchor component, a presence of at least one user equipment; and activating, by the anchor component, a transmission of a positioning reference signal to the user equipment responsive to the detected presence of the at least one user equipment.

Abstract: The present invention provides an anti-PD-L1/VEGF bispecific antibody and a use thereof. Specifically, the present invention provides a bifunctional antibody, comprising: (a) anti-PD-L1 antibody or element; and (b) an anti-VEGF antibody or element linked to the anti-PD-L1 antibody or element. The bifunctional antibody of the present invention can simultaneously bind to VEGF and PD-L1, thereby exerting a therapeutic effect on VEGF and PD-L1-positive tumor cells (especially malignant tumor cells).

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for a second user equipment, that causes the apparatus to perform: determining whether a synchronization signal has been received during a first set of synchronization resources; and when it is determined the synchronization signal was received, determining that the apparatus is allowed to use communication resources during a second set of synchronization resources for a first sidelink communication; and when it is determined the synchronization was not received, abstaining from using the communication resources during the second set of synchronization resources for a first sidelink communication; and monitoring the second set of synchronization resources for a synchronization signal.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for sidelink (SL) based multi-hop UE relaying, for example, to support tracking applications are provided. One method may include determining, at a user equipment (UE), to which tier of a sidelink (SL) based multi-hop user equipment (UE) relaying the user equipment (UE) belongs. The method may also include determining at least a relaying mode and arrangement of transmit and receive occasions for sidelink (SL) transmission and reception in dependence on the determined tier that the user equipment (UE) belongs, and performing, on the determined transmit and receive occasions, transmit and receive operations for the sidelink (SL) based multi-hop user equipment (UE) relaying based on the determined relaying mode and arrangement.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus configured to: select (500) a first slot and a second slot for sidelink transmissions via a first radio access technology, wherein the first slot and the second slot overlap with a subframe for sidelink transmissions via a second radio access technology, wherein the first slot and the second slot are associated with at least one transmission requirement; generate (502) a first transport block associated with at least one first transport block requirement and a second transport block associated with at least one second transport block requirement; determine (504) to transmit at least one of the first transport block or the second transport block over at least the first slot based on the at least one transmission requirement, the at least one first transport block requirement and the at least one second transport block requirement; and transmit (506) at least one of the first transport block or the second transport block over at least the first slot.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for emergency sessions, such as emergency calls, using a relay provided by proximity services are provided. For example, a method may include indicating, in a relay discovery procedure, a capability of a relay user equipment to support an emergency call. The method can alternatively or in addition include receiving, in the relay discovery procedure, an indication of a need of a remote user equipment to conduct an emergency call.

Abstract: In a system, apparatus, method, and non-transitory computer readable medium for implementing SL DRX reconfiguration for SL groupcast based on congestion control, a UE device may be caused to, obtain sidelink (SL) groupcast configuration information associated with a desired UE group, the SL groupcast configuration information including a SL discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle and at least one setting rule regarding the SL DRX cycle for the desired UE group, the SL DRX cycle including a SL DRX ON duration setting, determine whether a congestion level of the desired UE group for a current SL DRX cycle period exceeds a desired congestion threshold level, determine SL DRX reconfiguration settings based on results of the determining whether the congestion level exceeds the desired congestion threshold level and the setting rule, and perform SL DRX communication based on the determined SL DRX reconfiguration settings.

Abstract: Quality of service (QOS) support in UE-to-UE (U2U) relay. In an example method, a terminal device determines a quality of service (QoS) split configuration for an end-to-end (E2E) radio bearer (RB) in U2U relay communication, and the QoS split configuration includes at least a first set of ranges for a first portion of a QoS parameter configured for the E2E RB. The terminal device transmits the QoS split configuration to a second terminal device, the second terminal device is a transmitting device in the ingress hop of the first terminal device. In this way, a configuration and adaptation of packet delay budget (PDB) split in U2U relay may be enabled and facilitated.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a device, method, apparatus and computer readable storage medium for hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback for adjustment of contention window size for communication in an unlicensed band. In example embodiments, if it is determined that a failure of transmission in an unlicensed occurs, the device determines a cause of the failure of the transmission is determined based on received information associated with a transmission collision. Then, the device adjusts a size of a contention window for a listen-before-talk procedure.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses for sidelink collision avoidance based on sensing, such as PSFCH sensing, are provided. One method may include sensing, by a first UE, a first sidelink feedback transmission from a second UE in a first PSFCH resource, and determining, based on the first PSFCH resource, a first radio resource in which the second UE received a first data transmission from a third UE. The method may also include sensing a second sidelink feedback transmission from the second UE in a second PSFCH resource, determining, based on the second PSFCH resource, a second radio resource in which the second UE received a second data transmission from the third UE, and determining, based on at least one of the determined first radio resource or second radio resource, a third radio resource in which the second UE is expected to receive a third data transmission from the third UE.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to adjustment of contention window (CW) for listen before talk (LBT). A device determines a target size of a contention window for listen before talk at least in part based on at least one of a first metric and a second metric. The first metric indicates a level of intra-system activity of one of the plurality of systems. The second metric indicates a level of inter-system activity of the plurality of systems. The at least one of first and second metrics are determined by the device based on one or more messages in a set of resources shared by a plurality of systems. This solution enables the device to adjust the LBT by determining the target size of the contention window. By doing so, the device may determine an appropriate size of the contention window even when HARQ feedback is not available. In this way, a system may be able to coexist fairly with other systems in unlicensed spectrum.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for network coding are provided. One method may include receiving, at a second packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) entity, one or more original packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) protocol data units (PDUs) from a first PDCP entity for a radio bearer. The method may also include coding, at the second packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) entity, the original packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) protocol data units (PDUs) to produce one or more network coded packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) protocol data units (PDUs).

Abstract: As an aspect, there is provided an apparatus configured to: obtain, by an access node from a network control entity, at least one service flow configuration for a plurality of terminal devices in an industrial automation system, the configuration indicating an association between downlink and uplink message transmissions and a cycle time requirement with regard to communication between the network control entity and the plurality of terminal devices; allocate resources as a group of shared resources for the uplink message transmission for each of the plurality of terminal devices based on the association and according to the cycle time requirement, and transmit information on the allocation to the plurality of terminal devices, the information comprising a terminal device-specific resource indicator for each of the plurality of terminal devices for avoiding collision in the uplink message transmission.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media of a proactive switch of vehicle-to-everything communication from a device-to-device connection to a connection routed by one or more network devices. In example embodiments, a first terminal device receives, from a second terminal device via a device-to-device connection, an indication of a decision to switch the device-to-device connection to a connection routed by at least one network device for communication with the second terminal device. Based on the received indication from the second terminal device, the first terminal device then determines proactive switching from the device-to-device connection to the routed connection to be performed. The first terminal device then sends a request to a first network device of the at least one network device to set up the routed connection, the request indicating a cause for the determined proactive switching.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the invention provide at least a method and apparatus for performing identifying, by a network node of a communication network, a configuration of interface availability for performing at least one of v2x service and/or proximity services by each of at least one network device; and communicating with the at least one network device information comprising the configuration based on the interface availability for use in performing the at least one of v2x service and/or proximity services. Further, for performing receiving, by a network device of a communication network, information comprising a configuration of interface availability for performing at least one of v2x service and/or proximity services by the network device; and determining, based on the received configuration, the interface availability for performing the at least one of v2x service and/or proximity services.