Abstract: Example embodiments relate to an apparatus, method and computer program for radio link monitoring, for example performed in relation to a user equipment to user equipment (UE to UE) sidelink relay arrangement. The method may comprise, for example, generating a data block comprising data for transmission over an egress link to a destination device, the data being received from one or more of a plurality of input devices over respective ingress links or being provided by the apparatus. The method may also comprise transmitting the data block to the destination device and selecting one or more end-to-end links between a said input device and the destination device, or the apparatus and the destination device, based on one or more properties of the generated data block.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for obtaining a see-through diagnosis of human eyes by 1) delivering a narrow light beam into an eye to form a compact spot of light at the retina, 2) using the sensor module to detect the light reflected from the retina across the pupil, 3) providing a see-through diagnosis using the detected light distribution across the pupil for an early detection of cataracts, tracking cataract development, and monitoring post-op refractive surgeries. The narrow light beam delivered into the eye can be positioned inside the pupil to avoid being blocked by cataracts. The see-through methods and systems can be further configured 1) to provide an objective measurement of eye's aberrations by using a lenslet array or a plurality of gratings together integrated with an image sensor as the sensor module, 2) for measuring diffusion of light in the eye using eye's double-pass point-spread distributions.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for setting up an indirect path as an additional path in cases where a relay user equipment may be in idle or inactive state, such as radio resource control idle/inactive are provided. For example, a method can include receiving, from a network element, a configuration of a relay user equipment container related to an addition to, or modification of, an indirect path between the apparatus and the network element. The method can also include indicating the relay user equipment container to a relay user equipment.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to handover enhancements. In response to receiving a first message from a third device, for initiating a handover related to a first device and a second device, the first device performs a handover procedure to a target cell indicated in the first message. The first device acts as a UE-to-network relay for the second device to communicate with the third device. The first device then transmits, to the second device, at least one indication based on the handover procedure. In this way, the remote UE is capable of applying different operations based on respective indications associated with a handover result. As a result, the operation of the remote UE can be aligned with the operation of the relay UE in case of performing the handover, and the system performance and reliability can be improved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising determining whether one or more physical sidelink feedback channel symbols are allocated in at least one time slot; and transmitting, based on the determination, a signal on one or more co-channel resources in the at least one time slot.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the user equipment performs generating a coordination request for information on resources for use for direct inter user equipment transmissions, the coordination request including an indication of a preference for resources for receiving a coordination response; monitoring for coordination requests made by at least one other user equipment; generating the resource preference indication in dependence upon at least one preference indication from at least one of the monitored coordination requests.

Abstract: An apparatus and computer program are disclosed. The apparatus has at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and computer program code being configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to receive a plurality of coordination requests from a plurality of user equipment. The coordination requests include a request for information on resources for use for direct inter-user equipment transmissions and include an indication of a preference of resources for receiving a coordination response.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to sidelink (SL) transmission enhancement. A first device determines a channel occupancy time (COT) to be shared by the first device and at least one second device for transmissions on a shared radio frequency band; selects a first time slot during the COT for a transmission; and performs the transmission in the first time slot by extending the transmission to a first guard period of the first time slot or to a second guard period of a second time slot prior to the first time slot during the COT. By doing so, a channel access procedure requiring a smaller time gap between transmissions can be selected and performed, which can thus improve the flexibility of channel access procedures for SL transmission in the shared frequency band.

Abstract: In a system, apparatus, method, and non-transitory computer readable medium for implementing SL DRX reconfiguration for SL groupcast based on congestion control, a UE device may be caused to, obtain sidelink (SL) groupcast configuration information associated with a desired UE group, the SL groupcast configuration information including a SL discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle and at least one setting rule regarding the SL DRX cycle for the desired UE group, the SL DRX cycle including a SL DRX ON duration setting, determine whether a congestion level of the desired UE group for a current SL DRX cycle period exceeds a desired congestion threshold level, determine SL DRX reconfiguration settings based on results of the determining whether the congestion level exceeds the desired congestion threshold level and the setting rule, and perform SL DRX communication based on the determined SL DRX reconfiguration settings.

Abstract: A method performed at a base station is provided. The method comprises receiving, from a User Equipment (UE) via a direct path, a measurement report. The measurement report comprises a list of one or more candidate relay UEs. The method further comprises determining to add an indirect path to the UE via a relay UE to have a multipath connection. The relay UE is selected from the one or more candidate relay UEs. The method further comprises transmitting, to the UE, a configuration message (e.g., an RRC reconfiguration message) comprising an identifier (ID) of the selected relay UE. The configuration message further indicates an RRC state of the selected relay UE.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses, and computer readable storage media for discontinuous reception (DRX)-enabled multipath (MP) communications. In a method, a first device receives a DRX configuration for a direct path between the first device and a second device and an indirect path between the first and second devices via a third device. The DRX configuration comprises at least one of a first DRX configuration or a second DRX configuration. The first DRX configuration is used for a first communication between the first and second devices on the direct path, and the second DRX configuration is used for a second communication between the first and third devices on the indirect path. Based on the received DRX configuration, the first device communicates with the second device on the direct path and with the third device on the indirect path.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for inter-UE coordination in groupcast transmissions are provided. Solution comprises communicating (400) with a group of apparatuses in a group communication utilising sidelink transmission, where the group of apparatuses comprises a second apparatus configured to coordinate resource allocation for the group communication and at least one other first apparatus; transmitting (402), utilising a designated hybrid automatic repeat request process, an inter-UE coordination request. Positive or negative hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgements are received (404) from the group of apparatuses in response to transmitting the inter-UE coordination request and monitoring of inter-UE coordination requests of the at least one other first apparatus are monitored (406) based on the received acknowledgements from the at least one other first apparatus.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for support for sidelink user equipment in co-channel coexistence environments are provided. For example, a method can include configuring a user equipment with a shared resource pool and a sub-resource-pool comprising resources of at least one selected subframe of the shared resource pool for sidelink transmissions according to a first radio access technology in a co-channel coexistence with sidelink transmissions according to a second radio access technology. The method can also include configuring the user equipment with a network configuration for adaptation and use of the sub-resource-pool depending on type of the user equipment.

Abstract: There is provided a first apparatus for a first terminal, wherein the first terminal has a unicast link established with a second terminal. The first apparatus includes at least one processor, and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus at least to: receive, from the second terminal, assistance information for a preferred discontinuous reception, DRX, configuration for the second terminal; determine a DRX configuration for the second terminal using: the received assistance information, and other information acquired by the first terminal related to DRX operations of terminals other than the second terminal; and provide, to the second terminal, the determined DRX configuration for the second terminal to be applied on the unicast link between the first and second terminals.

Abstract: A power grid control model training method, a computer device, and a storage medium are provided. The method includes: acquiring and grouping power grid control model training data to obtain a plurality of training data sets; training, according to one-to-one correspondences between the training data sets and learning bodies, a plurality of preset learning bodies in parallel through the plurality of training data sets to obtain a plurality of execution bodies; wherein when training the learning bodies through the training data sets, a training data set is divided into a plurality of training data units, training effects of the training data units are acquired to obtain a shared training data unit, and the shared training data unit is shared with training data sets except a training data set including the shared training data unit; and finally, combining the plurality of execution bodies to obtain a power grid control model.

Abstract: A method includes causing or detecting, by a user device that is a member of a sidelink group of user devices, a sidelink-related event that triggers an operation associated with the sidelink-related event and specific to the sidelink group; and transmitting a notification of the sidelink-related event via a sidelink group-specific resource, in order to synchronize, among user devices of the sidelink group including any user device of the sidelink group that failed to detect the sidelink-related event, the performing by the user devices of the sidelink group of the operation associated with the sidelink-related event and specific to the sidelink group.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program are provided that relates to determining that a condition indicating that at least one first user equipment needs a sidelink communication with a second user equipment is met; and determining to use a first discovery model including broadcasting a discovery announcement to the at least one first user equipment.

Abstract: It is provided a method comprising: indicating that a HARQ process is initiated for transmitting at least a first HARQ message comprising an inquiry as the first message of the HARQ process, wherein the inquiry inquires whether a relay terminal for relaying a communication of a transmitting terminal is available; transmitting the first HARQ message using the HARQ process; monitoring whether a HARQ feedback is received from at least one relay terminal in response to the first HARQ message according to the HARQ process; deciding that the at least one relay terminal is available if the HARQ feedback is received from the at least one relay terminal; deciding that the at least one relay terminal is not available if the HARQ feedback is not received from the at least one relay terminal.

Abstract: According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device determines one or more second devices to share a channel occupancy time (COT) for a sidelink transmission over an unlicensed spectrum bands. The first device transmits the information which indicates the COT to be shared by the first device and the one or more second devices. The second device determines a transmission gap within the COT and performs a LBT/CCA on the unlicensed spectrum bands based on the determined gap. In this way, it achieves sharing the COT among SL devices. It can improve spectrum efficiency and avoid resource waste.