Abstract: A user equipment includes at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the user equipment to: select radio resources for a first sidelink transmission to a first user equipment based on sidelink control information from a second user equipment, the sidelink control information including at least beam information for a second sidelink transmission by the second user equipment; and perform the first sidelink transmission to the first user equipment on the selected radio resources.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product establish at least two redundant protocol data unit sessions to at least one user equipment. The at least two redundant protocol data unit sessions are established based on dual connectivity in a radio access network. The method, apparatus and computer program product collect network status information related to the at least two redundant protocol data unit sessions. The method, apparatus and computer program product configure a set of protocol data unit session switching patterns for the at least two redundant protocol data unit sessions based on the real-time network status information.

Abstract: A refraction system for remote refraction or self-refraction of human eyes. The system uses a reliable spherocylindrical module that allows the refraction system to obtain an initial spherocylindrical correction of the eye, and an SPH adjustment module that allows the user to adjust spherical power of the phoropter module on top of the initial spherocylindrical correction of the eye so that an updated spherical power (SPH) is subjectively determined. The reliable spherocylindrical module can be I) a device for obtaining a prescription of a pair of old eyeglasses, or II) a wavefront aberrometer that can offer, in addition to the objective sphero-cylinder correction, a quality metrics for at least one of a) measuring the confidence level in the objectively determined cylinder power and cylinder axis, b) assessing/displaying quality of vision corrections for a plurality of cylinder power.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for optimizing refractive prescriptions of human eyes. First, objective refraction devices such as aberrometers and auto-refractors will not only provide an objective estimate of sphero-cylinder correction, but also a quality metrics for at least one of a) measuring the confidence level in the objectively determined cylinder power and cylinder axis in addition to the objective sphero-cylinder correction, b) assessing/displaying quality of vision corrections for a plurality of cylinder power. Second, the quality metrics will be used to elect one of a plurality of modes of subjective refraction with a phoropter: 1) one mode for the subjective determination of spherical power only, 2) another mode for subjective determination of both sphere power and cylinder power.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for remote user equipment direct to indirect path switching in sidelink relay are provided. For example, a method can include receiving, at a user equipment from a network element, a system information block message having an information element to configure monitoring of paging messages at a common paging occasion, which can be configured for user equipment that are in idle or inactive state and that are configured to act as a user-equipment-to-network relay user equipment. The method may also include monitoring a page at the common paging occasion based on the information element. The method may further include sending a random access preamble dedicated to the user equipment in response to the page. The method may additionally include performing a state transition to connected mode only after a response to the random access preamble is received.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the user equipment performs generating a coordination request for information on resources for use for direct inter user equipment transmissions, the coordination request including an indication of a preference for resources for receiving a coordination response; monitoring for coordination requests made by at least one other user equipment; generating the resource preference indication in dependence upon at least one preference indication from at least one of the monitored coordination requests.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for channel occupancy time (COT) sharing for sidelink (SL) in unlicensed spectrum are provided. One method may include, upon acquiring a COT, an initiating user equipment (UE) transmitting a first indication to one or more responding UEs. The first indication may include at least a duration of the channel occupancy time (COT) and/or configuration information for at least one second indication. The method may also include transmitting the at least one second indication to the one or more responding UEs prior to a SL transmission from the one or more responding UEs. The at least one second indication may include an indication of a listen before talk (LBT) type that the one or more responding UEs should apply for the SL transmission taking place within the COT duration and/or an indication of a new COT duration.

Abstract: Methods and systems am disclosed in which an optical diagnosis of an eye's optical image quality is performed using a simulated retinal image. An objective measurement of a total wave aberration is obtained, and residual aberrations are computed by subtracting a sphero-cylindrical correction from the total wave aberration. The simulated retinal image is computed by computing a point-spread function from the residual aberrations and convolving the computed point-spread function with an acuity chart. The optical diagnosis includes at least one of: determining excess aberrations, ranking optics of the eye into optical grades, selecting the eye for high-definition eyeglasses, identifying amblyopia or macular diseases, or choosing an objective refraction for vision correction.

Abstract: There is provided a method for an apparatus for a terminal, the method comprising: applying (1401) a first discontinuous reception configuration for communications between the terminal and at least one other terminal, the first discontinuous reception configuration comprising at least one on-duration; determining (1402) whether to indicate the terminal is active in receiving outside the at least one on-duration; and when it is determined to indicate the apparatus is active in receiving outside the on-duration, transmitting (1403) at least one indication to this effect to the one or more of the at least one other terminals.

Abstract: Provided are systems, methods, and computer program products for segmenting an image. A method includes segmenting each image in a sequence of images including a needle into a needle and at least one needle artifact based on processing each image with a first machine-learning model trained with a plurality of hard labels for a plurality of images, resulting in a plurality of hard-labeled images, transforming each hard-labeled image of the plurality of hard-labeled images into a soft-labeled image including pixel values corresponding to an effect of the at least one needle artifact, resulting in a plurality of soft-labeled images, and segmenting at least one image of the sequence of images based on processing the at least one image with a second machine-learning model trained at least partially with the plurality of soft-labeled images.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to an apparatus, method and computer program for radio link monitoring, for example performed in relation to a user equipment to user equipment (UE to UE) sidelink relay arrangement. The method may comprise, for example, generating a data block comprising data for transmission over an egress link to a destination device, the data being received from one or more of a plurality of input devices over respective ingress links or being provided by the apparatus. The method may also comprise transmitting the data block to the destination device and selecting one or more end-to-end links between a said input device and the destination device, or the apparatus and the destination device, based on one or more properties of the generated data block.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) selects first and second radio resources from respective first and second pools of radio resources. In one example these are primarily allocated for contention-free and scheduling-based channel access, respectively. Content to duplicate in parallel communications is selected based at least on a characteristic of uplink data waiting to be sent (such as size) and/or on the selected first and second radio resources (such as timing difference between them). The UE transmits the selected content on each of the selected first and second radio resources. In the examples the content to duplicate was selected from among the uplink data to send and a scheduling request message. In various embodiments one of these transmissions indicates it's a duplicate, and the duplicated scheduling request message is transmitted on the first resource with the uplink data. These teachings are particularly useful for URLLC data.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses, and computer readable storage media for discontinuous reception (DRX)-enabled multipath (MP) communications. In a method, a first device receives a DRX configuration for a direct path between the first device and a second device and an indirect path between the first and second devices via a third device. The DRX configuration comprises at least one of a first DRX configuration or a second DRX configuration. The first DRX configuration is used for a first communication between the first and second devices on the direct path, and the second DRX configuration is used for a second communication between the first and third devices on the indirect path. Based on the received DRX configuration, the first device communicates with the second device on the direct path and with the third device on the indirect path.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided wherein, a relay user equipment receives from at least one user equipment, a request to establish a radio resource control connection with a base station over a relay, transmits to the base station, a radio resource control message based, at least partially, on the request, receives from the base station, a message including, at least, a temporary identifier for the at least one user equipment and transmits at least the temporary identifier to the at least one user equipment.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for supporting precision timing protocol (PTP) based time sensitive network (TSN) applications are provided. One method includes configuring, by a network node, a user equipment connection and user contexts for an industrial automation and control (IAC) system or configuring at least one time synchronized radio bearer for a user equipment. The method may also include determining synchronization configuration on the at least one time synchronized radio bearer for the industrial automation and control (IAC) system, and distributing the synchronization configuration periodically or on a need basis to one or more serving network nodes for the industrial automation and control (IAC) system.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for supporting precision timing protocol (PTP) based time sensitive network (TSN) applications are provided. One method includes configuring, by a network node, a user equipment connection and user contests for an industrial automation and control (IAC) system or configuring at least one time synchronized radio bearer for a user equipment. The method may also include determining synchronization configuration on the at least one time synchronized radio bearer for the industrial automation and control (IAC) system, and distributing the synchronization configuration periodically or on a need basis to one or more serving network nodes for the industrial automation and control (IAC) system.

Abstract: A method may include monitoring, by a source user equipment communicating with a destination user equipment by an indirect communication path via a relay user equipment, sidelink control information from the relay user equipment. The method may also include determining a first set of conditions and a second set of conditions based on the sidelink control information received from the relay user equipment. The method may further include transmitting, when the first set of conditions is met, at least one of a first sidelink message to the destination user equipment according to a first pattern, or a second sidelink message to the relay user equipment according to a second pattern. In addition, the method may include monitoring a sidelink feedback from the destination user equipment to the relay user equipment when the second set of conditions is met according to a third pattern.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus comprising: means for receiving (800) sidelink control information sent from a relay user equipment; and means for performing (802) flow control for ingress data sent from the apparatus to the relay user equipment to be relayed to a destination user equipment paired with the apparatus based on the sidelink control information sent from the relay user equipment.

Abstract: A UE operates in a system where a source UE communicates using SL communications with a destination UE and detects a SL coverage issue with the sidelink communications between the source and destination UEs. The UE sends, to at least the destination UE, an announcement concerning at least one of the sidelink coverage issue or the UE being available as a relay UE candidate for an indirect path to the destination UE. The destination UE receives the announcement and communicates with the UE to set up and use the indirect path.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for user equipment behavior with respect to hybrid automatic repeat request retransmission in new radio sidelink co-existence scenarios with another technology are provided. For example, a method can include enabling, for a receiving user equipment, hybrid automatic repeat request negative acknowledgement only feedback. The method can also include first determining whether to condition negative feedback on at least one first condition, or second determining whether negative feedback is conditioned on at least one second condition. The method can further include third determining whether to retransmit a message according to hybrid automatic repeat request according to results of the first determining or the second determining. The method can additionally include communicating with the receiving user equipment based on a result of the third determining.