Abstract: In a mobile communication system, each base station is provided with an array antenna, a section for estimating the respective directions of one or more mobile stations with which the base station is in communication, based on estimated incoming directions of radio waves received from these mobile stations, and sections for operating on respective signals of the antenna elements constituting the array antenna such as to shape the radiation pattern of the antenna to form peaks of directivity which are oriented in the estimated directions of these mobile stations, and can include a capability for shaping these peaks in accordance with estimated positions of these mobile stations, thereby minimizing interference between transmissions from that base station and communication being executed between other adjacent stations of the system, and minimizing the number of different transmission frequencies required in the overall system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing a highly reactive modified phenolic resin, which comprises mixing a heavy oil or pitch with 0.3 to 10 mol of a phenol, 0.2 to 9 mol in terms of formaldehyde, of a formaldehyde compound and 0.01 to 3.0 mol of an acid catalyst, each amount being based on 1 mol of the heavy oil or pitch calculated from an average molecular weight; and heating the resulting mixture with stirring, thereby to polycondensate the heavy oil or pitch, phenol and formaldehyde compound. According to this invention, there can be provided a process for producing simply and stably a highly reactive modified phenolic resin having low melt viscosity, excellent heat resistance and high reactivity with an epoxy resin, in one step.

Abstract: A system generating composed signals of stable multiple pictures reduces a scale of hardware required for forming video signals sent from a plurality of terminals into one composed picture on a video conference system. A system generating composed signals of multiple pictures for use in a video conference system includes video conference terminals connected via a network, a multi-point control unit connected to the network for controlling transmission of video signals among the video conference terminals, and a multiple picture composer connected to the multi-point control unit for receiving video signals sent out from the video conference terminals through the multi-point control unit, and information showing a reducing ratio and display positions of the video signals.

Abstract: A plurality of antennas are disposed in a predetermined area and wherein size, configuration and mounting condition of the antennas are set so that their directivities formed by interference therebetween are most desirable.

Abstract: Transmission level control is provided to eliminate a sense of disorder during a television conference connecting a multiplicity of locations.In a speech input terminal included in connection between multiple locations, there is provided a speech input means for inputting speech, a communication control means for controlling communication between the speech input means and a communication line, a transmission volume adjusting means capable of stepless adjustment of transmission volume, and a reception volume adjusting means. Thus, the volume adjusting means which has conventionally been provided only at a receiving end is now provided also at a transmitting end to allow stepless volume control, which enables speech output in conformity with the speech level of another entity's terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing a highly reactive modified phenolic resin, which comprises mixing a heavy oil or pitch with 0.3 to 10 mol of a phenol, 0.2 to 9 mol in terms of formaldehyde, of a formaldehyde compound and 0.01 to 3.0 mol of an acid catalyst, each amount being based on 1 mol of the heavy oil or pitch calculated from an average molecular weight; and heating the resulting mixture with stirring, thereby to polycondensate the heavy oil or pitch, phenol and formaldehyde compound. According to this invention, there can be provided a process for producing simply and stably a highly reactive modified phenolic resin having low melt viscosity, excellent heat resistance and high reactivity with an epoxy resin, in one step.

Abstract: An FSK signal receiver includes an amplifier which amplifies a first FSK signal at an adjustable gain. A frequency converter converts an output signal from the amplifier into a second FSK signal having a frequency lower than a frequency of the first FSK signal. A demodulator demodulates the second FSK signal into a baseband signal. A bit-state detector detects a bit state from the baseband signal in response to a threshold. A calculator calculates a number of times of occurrence of a fact that the baseband signal moves across the threshold during a given time. The gain of the amplifier is adjusted in response to the number of times which is calculated by the calculator.

Abstract: A mobile television receiver includes a TV tuner demodulating an incoming TV signal into a first video signal. A first horizontal sync signal is separated from the first video signal. Detection is made as to a quality of an image represented by the first video signal. A second horizontal sync signal is generated. Detection is made as to a difference between a phase of the first horizontal sync signal and a phase of the second horizontal sync signal. The phase of the second horizontal sync signal is controlled in response to the detected phase difference between the first horizontal sync signal and the second horizontal sync signal so that the second horizontal sync signal will be locked in phase and frequency to the first horizontal sync signal. A memory unit stores the first video signal in response to a memory control signal, and outputs the stored first video signal as a second video signal. The memory control signal is generated in response to the detected image quality.

Abstract: A improved liquid crystal display device including two substrates each having transparent electrode thereon disposed in parallel while keeping a predetermined gap by means of pillar-shaped spacers and a liquid crystal held between said first and second substrates is proposed. In the liquid crystal display device, density or volume of the number of the pillar-shaped spacers provided in the off-display area is higher than those of a density of the number of said pillar-shaped spacers provided in the display area This change is made continuously or stepwise along areas. The spacers are preferably disposed so that a contact area between the spacer and a rubbing cloth during the rubbing process is minimized, or so that an orientation defective area caused starting from the spacer does not extend into the pixel area, or so that a plurality of spacers are disposed along a flow of liquid crystal from filling port into the gap between the first and second substrate.

Abstract: A process for producing a highly reactive low-viscosity modified phenolic resin comprising the steps of polycondensating a petroleum heavy oil or pitch, a formaldehyde polymer, and a phenol in the presence of an acid catalyst to prepare a modified phenolic resin; and reacting the resultant modified phenolic resin with the phenols at a temperature higher than 120.degree. C. and not more than 200.degree. C. in the presence of the acid catalyst to lower the molecular weight of the modified phenolic resin. The highly reactive low-viscosity modified phenolic resin obtained according to this process has high reactivity with epoxy resins and low resin melt viscosity. In addition, this resin can be used for producing a molding material having good moldability and considerably low moisture absorption when combined with an epoxy resin.

Abstract: In a first diversity receiving apparatus, during an antenna selection operation, one of antennas are selected such that each of antennas successively connected to a receiver for consecutive horizontal retrace periods but for horizontal scanning periods following the horizontal retrace period, the selected antenna showing a largest level at the previous antenna selection operation is connected to the receiver to detect levels derived from respective antennas. The antenna showing a largest level is selected at the current antenna selection operation to receive a radio wave television signal for the following M (a natural number) horizontal scanning cycles. M is changed in accordance with the phasing condition. For example, M is changed according to a speed of vehicle, a field intensity, a frequency of the received television signal, etc. The switching circuit and tuner may be provided doubly to prevent the affection of switching noise.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a dry etching method and a dry etching apparatus. The method comprises a step of applying an etching inhibiting gas to that portion of a workpiece where etching speed is high, while the workpiece is being etched with reactive-gas plasma. The apparatus comprises functions for holding a reactive etching gas, a first electrode located within the gas-holding functions, for supporting a workpiece, a second electrode located within the gas-holding functions and spaced apart from the first electrode by a predetermined distance, functions for supplying high-frequency power, thereby to convert the reactive etching gas into a plasma in the space between the first and second electrodes, and functions for supplying an etching inhibiting gas to that portion of the workpiece where etching speed is high.

Abstract: A plasma etching apparatus has a first load-lock chamber, a process chamber connected to the first load-lock chamber through a gate valve, and a second load-lock chamber connected to the process chamber through another gate valve. A first processing section is provided to the process chamber to etch a wafer. A second processing section is provided to the second load-lock chamber to remove a reaction product generated during etching from the wafer. In the second processing section, an ultrasonic wave is applied to the wafer, thereby removing the reaction product from the wafer.

Abstract: A process for producing a highly reactive low-viscosity modified phenolic resin comprising the steps of polycondensating a petroleum heavy oil or pitch, a formaldehyde polymer, and a phenol in the presence of an acid catalyst to prepare a modified phenolic resin; and reacting the resultant modified phenolic resin with the phenols at a temperature higher than 120.degree. C. and not more than 200.degree. C. in the presence of the acid catalyst to lower the molecular weight of the modified phenolic resin. The highly reactive low-viscosity modified phenolic resin obtained according to this process has high reactivity with epoxy resins and low resin melt viscosity. In addition, this resin can be used for producing a molding material having good moldability and considerably low moisture absorption when combined with an epoxy resin.

Abstract: An FSK signal receiver includes an amplifier which amplifies a first FSK signal at an adjustable gain. A frequency converter converts an output signal from the amplifier into a second FSK signal having a frequency lower than a frequency of the first FSK signal. A demodulator demodulates the second FSK signal into a baseband signal. A bit-state detector detects a bit state from the baseband signal in response to a threshold. A calculator calculates a number of times of occurrence of a fact that the baseband signal moves across the threshold during a given time. The gain of the amplifier is adjusted in response to the number of times which is calculated by the calculator.

Abstract: In a first diversity receiving apparatus, during an antenna selection operation, one of antennas are selected such that each of antennas successively connected to a receiver for consecutive horizontal retrace periods but for horizontal scanning periods following the horizontal retrace period, the selected antenna showing a largest level at the previous antenna selection operation is connected to the receiver to detect levels derived from respective antennas. The antenna showing a largest level is selected at the current antenna selection operation to receive a radio wave television signal for the following M (a natural number) horizontal scanning cycles. M is changed in accordance with the phasing condition. For example, M is changed according to a speed of vehicle, a field intensity, a frequency of the received television signal, etc. The switching circuit and tuner may be provided doubly to prevent the affection of switching noise.

Abstract: A strip dual mode loop resonator includes a loop-shaped strip line having a pair of straight strip lines arranged in parallel, an electric length of the loop-shaped strip line being equivalent to a wavelength of a microwave circulated in the loop-shaped strip line in two different directions according to a characteristic impedance of the loop-shaped strip line, and the straight strip lines being coupled to each other in electromagnetic coupling to change the characteristic impedance of the loop-shaped strip line. The microwave is transferred from an input strip line to the loop-shaped strip line through electromagnetic field induced by the microwave. Thereafter, the microwave is reflected in the straight strip lines of the loop-shaped strip line to produce reflected microwaves circulated in opposite directions. Thereafter, the reflected waves are resonated and filtered in dual mode in the loop-shaped strip line.

Abstract: A master station master antenna having a high directivity in an upper direction, a slave station and a slave antenna having a high directivity in the high direction are arranged on a floor of a room, and furniture is arranged on the floor between the master antenna and the slave antenna. Also, a master reflecting mirror is arranged on a ceiling of the room placed just above the master antenna, and a slave reflecting mirror is arranged on the ceiling placed just above the slave antenna. When an electric wave having a data signal is radiated from the master station, the electric wave radiated in the upper direction passes through a first transmission route and is reflected by the master reflecting mirror toward a horizontal direction. Thereafter, the electric wave passes through a second transmission route near the ceiling and is again reflected by the slave reflecting mirror toward the lower direction.

Abstract: An electric power receiving and supplying circuit comprises: a microstrip patch antenna, having a feeding point, for receiving a microwave signal and supplying an electric power; a rectifier, for rectifying the electric power, having: a first diode having an anode, connected to the feeding point, and a cathode; a second diode having a cathode, connected to the cathode of the first diode through a junction point, and an anode; and a high-frequency grounding circuit for high-frequency-grounding the anode of the second diode, and a lowpass filter for low-pass filtering the rectified electric power to supply a dc supply power.

Abstract: In order to prevent clouding of a hard disc and a polygon mirror, a tin-free electrodepositing coating composition is used as an insulating coated film of a motor for driving the hard disc and polygon mirror.