Abstract: A lighting module employs a Fresnel lens having concentric regions of different focal lengths. The light source is positioned at the focal distance of a central lens region and inside the focal distance of a peripheral lens region. The resulting light pattern is a bright central spot surrounded by a ring of diminishing brightness.

Abstract: A method for estimating end-to-end quality of service (QOS), such as packet loss, delay, and delay jitter, in a packet-switched communications network includes steps for calculating packet loss and packet delay each router output link in a network path and using the packet loss and packet delay calculations for each individual router output link to estimate end-to-end QOS. The method includes calculating the loss probability for all possible numbers of active sources to take into account changes in the number of active sources as active sources connect to and disconnect from the network. As a result, the inventive method allows the number of active sources to vary in its estimation of end-to-end packet loss, delay, and delay jitter for enhanced Internet Protocol network planning.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vacuum storage bag for daily use. The vacuum storage bag comprises a sealable body with an opening at one end and a pressed and sealed end at the other end; the sealable body is formed by two layers and each layer is made of two layers; the inner surfaces of the opening are coated with a layer of adhesive material; and the sealed and pressed end has a tubular opening at its bottom. It is convenient to use and of simple construction. It is suitable for storing articles in a vacuum state with limited space and preventing the articles from mildewing.

Abstract: An electrical switch has a housing having an opening, fixed contacts located in the housing, a switching member supported in the housing for movement, and at least one moving contact movable by the switching member for movement to come into contact with and out of contact from the fixed contacts. An actuator is disposed in the opening for movement to actuate the switching member and in turn the moving contact. A gap is formed between the actuator and the opening that surrounds the actuator. A rubber deformable seal is connected across the opening and the actuator to seal off the gap, thereby avoiding entrance of foreign matter through the gap into the housing.

Abstract: A policy server operates to configure differentiated services over multi-protocol label switching (Diffserv/MPLS) in a communications network. The policy server enables the definition and deployment of a customer policy, a network policy and a mapping policy. The policy server is arranged to create a group of MPLS tunnels, and associate the tunnels to the mapping policy and the customer policy. The customer policy includes a tunnel group identifier and a tunneling mode, and maps customer traffic to MPLS tunnels. The policy server translates the customer policy, the network policy and the mapping policy into device-specific commands, and then deploys the device-specific commands to the network interfaces of the affected network devices.

Abstract: A policy server is arranged to construct device-neutral policies for configuring CBR for MPLS traffic engineering across a network. The policy server translates the device-neutral policies into device-specific commands (e.g. link attribute definitions and affinity profiles). The policy server defines the link attributes, assigns the link attributes to network interfaces, establishes affinity profiles and attaches the affinity profiles to MPLS tunnels. The link attribute definitions and affinity profiles are shared across the network to construct the policies such that IP operators can configure CBR easily across a network.

Abstract: A bag personalization kit is disclosed that includes a bag and a plurality of adhesive stickers for adhering to the bag. The stickers are mounted to at least one backing sheet which may be coupled to the bag.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and apparatus for controlling service level requirements between a communication network and a user equipment associated with an end-user connected in the communication network, in which the user equipment communicates with an external service via the communication network, the method comprising determining the end-user service level in dependence on a service level specification determined by the communication network and the external service.

Abstract: Mechanisms for QoS mapping rules on a mobile network between a UMTS layer and an IP layer are provided. A policy server is coupled to the SGSNs and GGSNs on the mobile network and maintains a centralized location for layer QoS mapping on the mobile network. Three mapping mechanisms have been provided, including an out-sourcing mechanism, a provisioning mechanism, and a hybrid mechanism. The out-sourcing mechanism uses the policy server to handle PDP context events and supply the appropriate rules to the appropriate support node. Under the provisioning mechanism, the policy server pushes down the corresponding mapping rules to each support node across the network in advance of any PDP context event. The hybrid mechanism utilizes a combination of the out-sourcing mechanism and the provisioning mechanism. The mechanisms ensure consistent UMTS layer QoS to IP layer QoS mapping across a mobile network.

Abstract: In mobile IP networks, when a mobile node (MN) moves from one cell to another, handover occurs. The result of the handover is that the MN connects to the network through a new access router (AR). The handover may occur between access routers of the same or different administrative domains. In all cases, the information related to the mobile node has to be transferred from the old AR to the new AR in order to minimize the effect of the change of access routers. This is the so-called context transfer.

Abstract: Mechanisms for QoS mapping rules on a mobile network between a UMTS layer and an IP layer are provided. A policy server is coupled to the SGSNs and GGSNs on the mobile network and maintains a centralized location for layer QoS mapping on the mobile network. Three mapping mechanisms have been provided, including an out-sourcing mechanism, a provisioning mechanism, and a hybrid mechanism. The out-sourcing mechanism uses the policy server to handle PDP context events and supply the appropriate rules to the appropriate support node. Under the provisioning mechanism, the policy server pushes down the corresponding mapping rules to each support node across the network in advance of any PDP context event. The hybrid mechanism utilizes a combination of the out-sourcing mechanism and the provisioning mechanism. The mechanisms ensure consistent UMTS layer QoS to IP layer QoS mapping across a mobile network.

Abstract: In mobile IP networks, when a mobile node (MN) moves from one cell to another, handover occurs. The result of the handover is that the MN connects to the network through a new access router (AR). The handover may occur between access routers of the same or different administrative domains. In all cases, the information related to the mobile node has to be transferred from the old AR to the new AR in order to minimize the effect of the change of access routers.

Abstract: A semiconductor chip package generally comprises a lead frame, a semiconductor die and a plastic package body. The lead frame includes a plurality of leads and a window pad. The window pad is connected to the lead frame by connecting bars. The inner ends of the plurality of leads defines a central area. The window pad is disposed in the central area and has an opening defined therein. The semiconductor die is disposed in the opening of the window pad and has a plurality of bonding pads formed on the active surface thereof. The inner ends of the leads are interconnected to the bonding pads on the semiconductor die through a plurality of bonding wires. The lead frame, the semiconductor die and the bonding wires are encapsulated in the plastic package body wherein the lower surface of the lead frame and the backside surface of the semiconductor die are exposed through the plastic package body.

Abstract: A portable charging device includes a housing having a space for receiving the mobile phone and having one or more prongs for plugging to the mobile phone, a circuit board secured in the housing, a speaker coupled to the circuit board for generating sound waves, and a battery engaged in the housing and coupled to the circuit board for energizing the speaker. The mobile phone may be easily carried by the users with the housing, and may be easily secured to the vehicle and may be electrically coupled to the battery of the vehicle via the circuit board.

Abstract: A sculpturing input device for computerized 3D sculpturing includes a base for connection to a computer loaded with a virtual engraving program, and a magnetic stylus for use with the base for controlling a virtual engraving tool to cut a virtual object of the program. An optical position measuring system is provided in the base for measuring the position and direction of the stylus relative to the base, and determining the position and direction of the tool relative to the object. A magnetic force feedback system is provided in the base for exerting a magnetic resistive force upon the stylus when the tool cuts into the object, thereby simulating a counteracting resistive force of the object being cut.

Abstract: A method (1000) of estimating the delays that data packets experiences along a path in an IP network is presented. The method involves sending probe packets (102), transmitted along the same path as the data whose delays are to be estimated, with a frequency dictated by statistics that include Poisson statistics. Information obtained about the delays in the probe packet transmissions may be used to estimate data delays.

Abstract: A semiconductor chip package generally comprises a lead frame, a semiconductor die and a plastic package body. The lead frame includes a plurality of leads and a window pad. The window pad is connected to the lead frame by connecting bars. The inner ends of the plurality of leads defines a central area. The window pad is disposed in the central area and has an opening defined therein. The semiconductor die is disposed in the opening of the window pad and has a plurality of bonding pads formed on the active surface thereof. The inner ends of the leads are interconnected to the bonding pads on the semiconductor die through a plurality of bonding wires. The lead frame, the semiconductor die and the bonding wires are encapsulated in the plastic package body wherein the lower surface of the lead frame and the backside surface of the semiconductor die are exposed through the plastic package body.

Abstract: A semiconductor chip package generally comprises a lead frame, a semiconductor die and a plastic package body. The lead frame includes a plurality of leads and a window pad. The window pad is connected to the lead frame by connecting bars. The inner ends of the plurality of leads defines a central area. The window pad is disposed in the central area and has an opening defined therein. The semiconductor die is disposed in the opening of the window pad and has a plurality of bonding pads formed on the active surface thereof. The inner ends of the leads are interconnected to the bonding pads on the semiconductor die through a plurality of bonding wires. The lead frame, the semiconductor die and the bonding wires are encapsulated in the plastic package body wherein the lower surface of the lead frame and the backside surface of the semiconductor die are exposed through the plastic package body.

Abstract: A real-time process estimates the source-destination traffic matrix in a packet-switched communications network. The inputs for the process are a set of aggregate link traffic measurements and a set of source node traffic measurements. The process uses a novel and computationally efficient decomposition method to estimate the traffic matrix. The process also makes uses of Linear Programming (LP) methods to estimate the source-destination traffic matrix.

Abstract: A prismatic optical device employs an improved prismatic image erecting system with curved refracting surfaces. The optical device can be any one of a wide variety of known devices such as telescopes and binoculars which include an objective, an image erecting system and an ocular. The erecting prism of the optical system is preferably an integral prism formed of optical quality plastic and may comprise a Porro erecting prism system or an image erecting system employing pentangular or roof prisms.