Abstract: An apparatus including a video data decoder configured to decode an input video data stream, the video data decoder being responsive to a parameter value associated with the input video data stream, the parameter value indicating an encoding level selected from a plurality of encoding levels, each encoding level defining at least a maximum luminance picture size and a maximum luminance sample rate, the encoding level defining a first numerical component and a second numerical component, the second numerical component being a numerical value greater than or equal to zero, in which for encoding levels having a second numerical component of zero, the first numerical component increases monotonically with increasing maximum luminance picture size, and the second component varies with the maximum luminance sample rate; the parameter value being a numeric encoding of the encoding level.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods of immunization and methods for generating antibodies using compositions comprising cationic lipids and polynucleotide molecules, such as polyribonucleotide molecules, e.g., mRNA, which code for immunogens (e.g., a target protein or a fragment thereof).

Abstract: The disclosure relates to double stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNAi) agents and compositions targeting the APP gene, as well as methods of inhibiting expression of an APP gene and methods of treating subjects having an APP-associated disease or disorder, such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and early onset familial Alzheimer disease (EOFAD or eFAD), using such dsRNAi agents and compositions.

Abstract: Image data encoding apparatus comprises detector circuitry configured to detect at least one of an upper clipping level and a lower clipping level in samples of input image data; and encoder circuitry configured to encode an encoded representation of the samples of input image data to an encoded data stream, the encoder circuitry being configured to encode a representation of the at least one of the upper clipping level and the lower clipping level to the output data stream.

Abstract: An image encoding apparatus comprises: a prediction operation selector configured to select a prediction operation for a current region of a current image with respect to a group of reference samples; a reference sample filter configured to generate the group of reference samples for the current region by applying a filtering operation, selected from a group of two or more candidate filtering operations having different respective spatial filtering characteristics, to reconstructed samples of the current image, the reconstructed samples being samples decoded from previously encoded samples of the current image; and an intra-image predictor configured to derive predicted samples of the current region with respect to one or more of the group of reference samples selected, for a current sample to be predicted, in dependence upon the prediction operation for the current region; in which the prediction operation selector is configured to select the prediction operation for use with the current region, from a se

Abstract: Control apparatus to control operation of a data buffer to which data items are written according to a write pointer which advances in position in response to an input data item rate and from which data items are read according to a read pointer which advances in position in response to an output data item rate, comprises: a detector configured to detect an occupancy difference between a current buffer occupancy and a target buffer occupancy, in which the current buffer occupancy represents a difference between the read and write pointers; an output data item interpolator configured to interpolate a data item at an interpolated data buffer location displaced by a read offset displacement from a data buffer location pointed to by the read pointer; and output control circuitry configured, in response to a current occupancy difference exceeding a threshold occupancy difference, to change the read pointer from an initial read pointer to a target read pointer by a change amount so as to reduce the occupancy differ

Abstract: The disclosure relates to double stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNAi) agents and compositions targeting the APP gene, as well as methods of inhibiting expression of an APP gene and methods of treating subjects having an APP-associated disease or disorder, such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and early onset familial Alzheimer disease (EOFAD or eFAD), using such dsRNAi agents and compositions.

Abstract: An image encoding apparatus comprises a selector configured to select, from a set of candidate prediction operations each defining at least a prediction direction, a prediction operation for prediction of samples of a current region of a current image, the current region comprising an array of two or more rows and two or more columns of samples; an intra-image predictor configured to derive predicted samples of the current region with respect to one or more of a group of reference samples of the same image in dependence upon a prediction direction, defined by the selected prediction operation, between a current sample to be predicted and a reference position amongst the reference samples; in which, for at least some of the candidate prediction operations, the group of reference samples comprises two or more parallel linear arrays of reference samples disposed at different respective separations from the current region; a detector configured to detect whether samples corresponding to any of the two or more par

Abstract: An image encoding apparatus comprises a controller configured to select, from a set of prediction directions, a set of candidate prediction directions as a subset of the set of prediction directions, for a current image region of a current image in dependence upon one or more properties of a group of reference samples of the current image applicable to the current image region; and an intra-image predictor configured to predict samples of the current image region with respect to one or more of the group of reference samples of the same image according to a prediction direction between the current sample and a reference position amongst the reference samples; in which the intra-image predictor is configured to select the prediction direction for the current image region from the set of candidate prediction directions.

Abstract: An image decoding apparatus comprises a selector configured to select, from a set of candidate prediction operations each defining at least a prediction direction, a prediction operation for prediction of samples of a current region of a current image, the current region comprising an array of two or more rows and two or more columns of samples; and an intra-image predictor configured to derive predicted samples of the current region with respect to one or more of a group of reference samples of the same image in dependence upon a prediction direction, defined by the selected prediction operation, between a current sample to be predicted and a reference position amongst the reference samples; in which, for at least some of the candidate prediction operations, the group of reference samples comprises two or more parallel linear arrays of reference samples disposed at different respective separations from the current region.

Abstract: An image encoding apparatus comprises a selector configured to select, from a set of candidate prediction operations each defining at least a prediction direction selected from a set of available prediction directions, a prediction operation for prediction of samples of a current region of a current image, the current region comprising an array of two or more rows and two or more columns of samples; and an intra-image predictor configured to derive predicted samples of the current region with respect to one or more of a group of reference samples of the same image in dependence upon a prediction direction, defined by the selected prediction operation, between a current sample to be predicted and the reference samples; in which for at least some of the candidate prediction operations: the group of reference samples comprises two or more parallel linear arrays of reference samples disposed at different respective separations from the current region, the intra-image predictor being configured to derive the predi

Abstract: Apparatus comprises an image data encoder to encode a current image region of an image, the image data encoder being operable in at least two modes of operation; a controller to control a mode of operation of the image data encoder in dependence upon the encoded data for the current image region meeting a predetermined criterion; and prediction circuitry configured to predict, from one or more properties of one or more image regions other than the current image region, whether the encoded data for the current image region will meet the predetermined criterion.

Abstract: Colour conversion apparatus comprises mapping circuitry configured to map pixels of an input image having colour components in an input colour space to pixels of an mapped image having colour components in an output colour space, the input colour space and the output colour space being different colour spaces such that at least a subset of colours representable in the input colour space are not representable in the output colour space; the mapping circuitry being configured to: convert pixels from the input colour space to an intermediate colour space in which a colour space representation of hue approximates to a consistent perceived hue independent of brightness and/or saturation; map pixels in the intermediate colour space which lie outside a region of the intermediate colour space corresponding to representable colours in the output colour space to generate mapped pixels so that the mapped pixels lie within that region, by varying the brightness and/or saturation of those pixels in the intermediate colour

Abstract: A central management system polls a lighting node in a mesh lighting network, sending a command message for the node to measure a link quality indication (LQI) of the received command message. The node returns a status message, including in its payload the measured LQI. The management system computes from the node's status messages, a statistical characterization of the link quality of the node and compares it with a threshold quality value. If the comparison indicates sufficient degradation in link quality, the management system automatically transmits a disconnect command to the node. In response, the node disconnects and enters a discovery mode to find a better quality link to rejoin the network. In example embodiments, the lighting node may also report its illumination and operational status in the payload of the status message, along with the LQI, enabling the management system to determine whether illumination by the node is failing.

Abstract: A central management system polls a lighting node in a mesh lighting network, sending a command message for the node to measure a link quality indication (LQI) of the received command message. The node returns a status message, including in its payload the measured LQI. The management system computes from the node's status messages, a statistical characterization of the link quality of the node and compares it with a threshold quality value. If the comparison indicates sufficient degradation in link quality, the management system automatically transmits a disconnect command to the node. In response, the node disconnects and enters a discovery mode to find a better quality link to rejoin the network. In example embodiments, the lighting node may also report its illumination and operational status in the payload of the status message, along with the LQI, enabling the management system to determine whether illumination by the node is failing.

Abstract: An image encoding apparatus comprises a selector configured to select, from a set of candidate prediction operations each defining at least a prediction direction selected from a set of available prediction directions, a prediction operation for prediction of samples of a current region of a current image, the current region comprising an array of two or more rows and two or more columns of samples; and an intra-image predictor configured to derive predicted samples of the current region with respect to one or more of a group of reference samples of the same image in dependence upon a prediction direction, defined by the selected prediction operation, between a current sample to be predicted and the reference samples; in which for at least some of the candidate prediction operations: the group of reference samples comprises two or more parallel linear arrays of reference samples disposed at different respective separations from the current region, the intra-image predictor being configured to derive the predi

Abstract: Example embodiments of the invention efficiently organize, control and prioritize a distributed lighting network. A mesh lighting network is organized from the bottom up into groups of lighting devices with control signal repeaters fanning out control signals to each group. Each lighting device is capable of forwarding control signals to additional lighting devices. During build-out of the mesh network, as new lighting devices are installed, the control network automatically selects a device whose repeater function will provide the most reliable and efficient distribution of control signals to the new group of devices being installed.

Abstract: Example embodiments of an invention to efficiently organize and control a distributed lighting network. A process supports message flows and an interface to facilitate the organization and control a very large array of intelligent lighting nodes. Each newly installed lighting node broadcasts an initial contact message that includes fields specifying requests, such as lighting schedule, intensity, color, aiming direction, flood lighting, etc. A central controller receives the message at a discovery message and provisioning request interface, commissions the lighting node, and processes the provisioning requests.

Abstract: Color conversion apparatus comprises mapping circuitry configured to map pixels of an input image having color components in an input color space to pixels of an mapped image having color components in an output color space, the input color space and the output color space being different color spaces such that at least a subset of colors representable in the input color space are not representable in the output color space; processing circuitry configured to process the mapped image by detecting instances, in the color components of pixels of the mapped image, of representations of negative amounts of a color component and in response to such a detection in respect of a pixel under test, to increase all of the color components of the pixel under test by an amount of at least the magnitude of the greatest magnitude negative amount of the color components of that pixel under test; and output circuitry configured to generate pixels of an output image, having color components in the output color space, from pixe

Abstract: Colour conversion apparatus comprises mapping circuitry configured to map pixels of an input image having colour components in an input colour space to pixels of an mapped image having colour components in an output colour space, the input colour space and the output colour space being different colour spaces such that at least a subset of colours representable in the input colour space are not representable in the output colour space; the mapping circuitry being configured to: convert pixels from the input colour space to an intermediate colour space in which a colour space representation of hue approximates to a consistent perceived hue independent of brightness and/or saturation; map pixels in the intermediate colour space which lie outside a region of the intermediate colour space corresponding to representable colours in the output colour space to generate mapped pixels so that the mapped pixels lie within that region, by varying the brightness and/or saturation of those pixels in the intermediate colour