Abstract: This invention relates to a method of manufacturing highly worked pieces of AlCuMg alloy, comprising the steps of:

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and an arrangement (10) for controlling an electrically operated charger (1), which essentially prevent a sudden drop in voltage with the run-up of the electric charger. A drive signal (AS) is formed, which drives the electric charger (1). The rate of change of speed for an increase of the rpm of the electric charger (1) is pregiven in dependence upon the instantaneous supply voltage (UV).

Abstract: A granular detergent component comprising a high level of surfactant, for example, cationic surfactant, and an inorganic carrier material is prepared by a process involving spraying an aqueous solution of the surfactant onto moving granules of the inorganic carrier material in the presence of a drying gas, preferably air, at a temperature within the range of from 65 to 200° C. The process is preferably carried out in a fluidised bed. Preferred inorganic carrier materials are sodium carbonate and zeolite MAP.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrically operated charge-air compressor, for connection to an internal combustion engine, which includes an electric motor with a stator and a rotor for driving a compressor impeller; the compressor impeller is disposed in a compressor housing that is provided with at least one air inlet and one air outlet, and the air inlet and the air outlet communicate via a flow conduit extending in the compressor housing, and by rotation of the compressor impeller in a compression portion of the flow conduit, a compression of the charge air is attainable. It is proposed that the charge-air compressor be refined such that the compressor impeller can be displaced in the compressor housing out of a working position into a position of repose and back again, and the compressor impeller upon a displacement into the position of repose is moved at least partway away from the compression portion.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a system for adjusting a transmission ratio in a transmission built into a motor vehicle. The system includes at least two transmission ratio criteria with which first transmission ratios are determined based on at least two different determining modes. The system also includes a first arrangement with the aid of which a second transmission ratio is selected in accordance with a pregiven prioritization from the determined first transmission ratios. The transmission ratio is then adjusted in dependence upon the selected second transmission ratio. In an advantageous configuration of the invention, a second arrangement is provided with which the second transmission ratio is modified in accordance with a pregiven strategy. The transmission ratio is then adjusted in dependence upon the modified second transmission ratio.

Abstract: A granular detergent component comprising a high level of surfactant, for example, cationic surfactant, and an inorganic carrier material is prepared by a process involving spraying an aqueous solution of the surfactant onto moving granules of the inorganic carrier material in the presence of a drying gas, preferably air, at a temperature within the range of from 65 to 200° C. The process is preferably carried out in a fluidised bed. Preferred inorganic carrier materials are sodium carbonate and zeolite MAP.

Abstract: A thermally actuated spectroscopic optical switch including reflective surfaces which are selectively moved into a position intersecting a beam of light by applying electrical or heat energy to a selected composite cantilever beam on which the reflective surface is mounted.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement and a method for controlling an adjusting speed for a change of an actual transmission ratio into a steady-state desired transmission ratio (shifting operation) for a continuously variable transmission mounted in the drive train of a motor vehicle. In the arrangement of the invention, it is provided that the shifting operation is subdivided into individual periods (dT) of fixed duration. During each period (dT), a dynamic desired transmission ratio (udyn) is determined by multiplying the steady-state desired transmission ratio (ustat) by a gradient (udot). The change of the actual transmission ratio (u) into a dynamic desired transmission ratio (udyn) of each period (dT) takes place with a constant adjusting speed (vu).

Abstract: The invention is based on a control drive for operating drive components or adjusting components in motor vehicles. The control drive comprises an electric actuator (12) that acts on force-transmitting elements (19, 13; 40, 41). With these, the adjusting motion is transmitted to the drive or adjusting components to be adjusted. A throwout element (19) is provided that interrupts the transmission of force by the force-transmifting elements (10, 13; 40, 41) in the de-energized state (23, 55) of the electric actuator.

Abstract: The invention proceeds from a system for generating a signal for hydraulically adjusting the transmission ratio of a continuously variable transmission in a motor vehicle. Here, a valve is provided which influences the hydraulic connection from a pressure reservoir, which exhibits a hydraulic pressure, to a pressure chamber. The adjustment of the transmission ratio takes place via the drive of at least the valve via the electrical signal. For this purpose, the electrical signal is generated in such a manner that it is limited to maximum and/or minimum values. The essence of the invention is that the maximum and/or minimum values are determined in dependence upon the hydraulic pressure. With the limiting in accordance with the invention, it is ensured that an adequate pressure reserve for the adjustment of the belt tension is available notwithstanding the adjustment of the transmission ratio.

Abstract: Structured antiperspirant emulsion formulations for topical application to human skin in a cosmetic method for controlling sweat and body odor generation can suffer from problems of impaired sensory properties and impaired efficacy (sweat reduction), which are ameliorated or overcome in structured antiperspirant emulsions in which (% s by weight of the emulsion)

Abstract: A method for determining a shift stage (transmission ratio) for a discretely shifting transmission of a motor vehicle wherein an output rpm of the transmission is detected and an optimal motor rpm is pregiven. It is provided that computed and/or measured input rpms (22, 23) of the transmission are detected. An rpm (25, 26) for each shift stage is fixed via a hysteresis circuit (24), a difference of the input rpm (22) of a next-higher shift stage and the rpm (26) supplies an upshift limit (10) and a sum of current input rpm (23) and the rpm (25) supplies a downshift limit (12); and, shifting into a higher shift stage takes place when the upshift limit (10) exceeds the optimal motor rpm (28) or shifting into a lower shift stage takes place when the optimal motor rpm (28) exceeds the downshift limit (12) (shifting necessity (27)).

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of controlling catalytic converter heat losses during coasting shutoff in an internal combustion engine which includes a valve and a valve positioner having an adjustable stroke set point, and a catalytic converter. In the method, the stroke set point is fixed as a function of a temperature of the catalytic converter.

Abstract: In a brushless, electronically commutated direct-current machine, in particular a direct-current motor, having a multiphase stator winding (12) and having electronic power switches (15) that are connected in series with the winding phases (13), in order to rapidly switch off the direct-current machine when there is at least one defective power switch (15), a malfunction protection device is provided, which has a fuse (16) that is electrically heated in the event of a malfunction and that has a fuse wire (17), which carries the machine current (FIG. 1).

Abstract: In a control system (20) for an automatic motor vehicle transmission (10), with a number of gear selection modules (38, 40, 42), each of which is respectively designed to preset a target gear (zg) for a gear change depending on a number of operating parameters, through a suitable use of gear change prevention means, a particularly simple and transparent adaptation of the vehicle behavior to different driver requests should also be possible. To that end, the invention provides a number of analysis modules (46, 48, 50), each of which, in a respectively predeterminable operating situation, generates a suppression signal (u) for preventing a gear change, where each analysis module (46, 48, 50) is associated with a respective filter element (52, 54, 56), which enables the transmission of the respective suppression signal (u), depending on which gear selection module (38, 40, 42) has preset the target gear (zg).

Abstract: A method of mapping the going conditions for a racecourse comprises surveying the racecourse soil conductivity over the course using soil conductivity measuring means and mapping the conductivity data produced by the conductivity measuring means according to the locations at which the conductivity data were obtained, so as to produce a map of the racecourse showing variations in soil conductivity. The racecourse is then sectioned along its length so as to produce a series of zones, wherein the variations shown in the soil conductivity map are utilized in choosing the sizes of the zones, the going condition in each zone is determined and a map of the racecourse displaying the going conditions along the racecourse is produced.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a plurality of competitors in a sporting event, comprises having each of said plurality of competitors carry a respective position locating device, arranging for the position locating devices to make location determinations at intervals and provide such determinations as output positional location data for the respective competitors of said plurality of competitors and collecting output data for the plurality of competitors.

Abstract: An apparatus for analysing and mapping soil and/or terrain for physical and/or chemical properties thereof, comprises a sensor 1 for measuring conductivity of soil by electromagnetic induction, the device being movable over an area of ground to be analysed and mapped, a differential global positioning satellite (DGPS) receiver system 12 for determining the location of the sensor 1 on the area of the ground 30 to be analysed and mapped, and a personal computer (PC) 19 in communication with sensor 1 and DGPS system 12 for capturing the ground conductivity data from the sensor 1 in association with the determined location of the sensor 1 at which the conductivity data are obtained. The captured data can subsequently be used to generate soil maps of the area 30, showing variations in a range of soil parameters such as nutrients, pH, water content or soil type, from which improved ground management strategies can be developed.

Abstract: To avoid unnecessary energy consumption and to improve king performance, in a transmission unit for a motor vehicle, having a drive train (4, 8, 5) which is intended for coupling to an internal combustion engine (1) on the one hand and wheels (6) of the vehicle on the other, and having an electrical machine (9) and a transmission (7), which constructed for torque transmission from the electrical machine (9) to the drive train (4, 8, 5) and vice versa, it is provided that the transmission (7) has an idling switching state, in which no torque transmission from the electrical machine (9) to the drive train (4, 8, 5) occurs. For controlling the switching states, a control circuit (11) is provided, which preferably operates by an automatic method.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrically operated charge-air compressor, for connection to an internal combustion engine, which includes an electric motor with a stator and a rotor for driving a compressor impeller; the compressor impeller is disposed in a compressor housing that is provided with at least one air inlet and one air outlet, and the air inlet and the air outlet communicate via a flow conduit extending in the compressor housing, and by rotation of the compressor impeller in a compression portion of the flow conduit, a compression of the charge air is attainable. It is proposed that the charge-air compressor be refined such that the compressor impeller can be displaced in the compressor housing out of a working position into a position of repose and back again, and the compressor impeller upon a displacement into the position of repose is moved at least partway away from the compression portion.