Abstract: This copper alloy contains at least zirconium in an amount of not less than 0.005% by weight and not greater than 0.5% by weight, includes a first grain group including grains having a grain size of not greater than 1.5 ?m, a second grain group including grains having a grain size of greater than 1.5 ?m and less than 7 ?m, the grains having a form which is elongated in one direction, and a third grain group including grains having a grain size of not less than 7 ?m, and also the sum of ? and ? is greater than ?, and ? is less than ?, where ? is a total area ratio of the first grain group, ? is a total area ratio of the second grain group, and ? is a total area ratio of the third grain group, based on a unit area, and ?+?+?=1.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a nano-graphite structure having a desired two-dimensional or three-dimensional shape, which process possesses enough potential for ultra-fine processing to allow free selection of the size, shape, and position for the construction therefor; typically a process in which the nano-graphite structure 4 is produced by such a way where a nano-structure amorphous carbon structure 2 formed on a substrate 1 in advance in the shape of a desired ultra-fine steric configuration by a beam-excited reaction is equipped with catalyst metal atoms such as iron contained therein, and when subjecting the steric structure to a low-temperature heat treatment, the structure is converted into the graphite structure 3 through a catalytic thermal reaction by means of the catalyst metal atoms involved therein, while the shape of steric configuration thereof holds.

Abstract: A plated material reduces insertion and withdrawal forces when used in a connector. A terminal member for a connector and a connector therewith are also provided. The plated material comprises a substrate 3 made of Cu or a Cu alloy and a metal plating layer 6 formed on the surface of the substrate 3. A soft region 6A spreading in a network-shape and a hard region 6B surrounded by the network of the soft region 6A coexists in the metal plating layer 6. The soft region 6A has a Vickers hardness of 20 to 250, while the hard region 6B has a Vickers hardness of 60 to 700, which is at least 30 higher than that of the soft region 6A. An average size of the network of the soft region 6A is from 5 to 500 &mgr;m.

Abstract: An optical detector 1 wherein detection elements 11, 12, 13 and 14 are provided in a sealed case 4 whose opening portion 3 is blocked with a window material 2 for transmitting light such as an infrared and an ultraviolet ray therethrough, the detection elements being formed opposite to the window material; and optical filters 21, 22, 23 and 34 are disposed between the window material 2 and the detection elements 11, 12, 13 and 14 and used for selecting and causing only light composed of a predetermined band of wavelengths to be transmitted by thin optical films in connection with the detection elements 11, 12, 13 and 14.

Abstract: An optical detector 1 wherein detection elements 11, 12, 13 and 14 are provided in a sealed case 4 whose opening portion 3 is blocked with a window material 2 for transmitting light such as an infrared and an ultraviolet ray therethrough, the detection elements being formed opposite to the window material; and optical filters 21, 22, 23 and 34 are disposed between the window material 2 and the detection elements 11, 12, 13 and 14 and used for selecting and causing only light composed of a predetermined band of wavelengths to be transmitted by thin optical films in connection with the detection elements 11, 12, 13 and 14.

Abstract: An agitating unit is provided in an upright fermenting reactor for purposes of carrying garbage from a lower portion toward an upper portion of the fermenting reactor. The horizontal distance between the agitator unit, or a spiral blade thereof, and an inner wall surface of the fermenting reactor is made larger in proportion to the axial position of the agitator unit toward the upper portion of the fermenting reactor. On the other hand, an opening between the spiral blade and its drive shaft may made larger in proportion to the axial position of the agitator unit toward the upper portion of the fermenting reactor. With such an arrangement, a flow from a lower portion toward the upper portion and a flow from the upper portion toward the lower portion are simultaneously formed.

Abstract: An oil concentration meter includes a sample cell for receiving an oil sample that can be irradiated with infrared rays from a light source. A first interference filter having a design wavelength of 3.4 .mu.m is positioned before a measuring detector, while a second interference filter transmitting a band range between 1 .mu.m and 5 .mu.m is positioned in front of a reference detector. A logarithm of the ratio of the reference detector output to the measuring detector output is used for determining the oil concentration in a sample.

Abstract: A gas analyzer capable of simultaneously detecting two or more components in a single-cell mode and a gas-analyzing mechanism suitable for simultaneously detecting two or more components in a cross-flow modulation single-cell mode are provided. A gas analyzer unit includes two measuring cells, light sources provided on one end side of each of the measuring cells, gas filter cells with interferential gaseous components hindering a detection of components to be measured enclosed provided on the other end side of each of the measuring cells, beam splitters included in two gas filter cells, first- and fourth and second- and third detectors provided on the side of transmitting position and the side of reflecting position, respectively, of each of the beam splitters and a sampling device connected with a rotary valve.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for dissolving oxygen comprising forming a liquid membrane of an oxygen-permeable liquid on a support layer made of a hydrophobic porous material, bringing one side of the liquid membrane into contact with an oxygen-containing gas and the other side with an aqueous liquor, and thereby dissolving oxygen in the aqueous liquor; a process for culturing cells in an oxygen-containing aqueous liquor obtained by the oxygen-dissolving process; and apparatus for practicing these processes. According to the present invention, oxygen can be dissolved in an aqueous liquor efficiently and economically, and aerobic cell-culturing can be stably effected even at a high cell concentration.

Abstract: A centrifugal separation method for living cells is disclosed in which a cell containing solution is charged in a rotor chamber confined by a steam pressure-resistant wall. A rotor having septa is disposed in the rotor chamber. The septa are rotatable in the same direction at the same angular velocity as the rotor while at least part thereof is immersed in a solution in the rotor when cells are to be centrifuged from the cell-containing solution. After the cells are separated and adhered to the inner surface of the rotor, a supernatant in the rotor is discharged form the rotor. Then a fresh cultivating medium is introduced into the rotor, and the septa and the rotor are rotated at mutually different angular velocities while at least part of the septa is immersed in the fresh medium in the rotor. As a result, the cells are again suspended in the fresh medium.

Abstract: Cross-linked polyglucans obtained by cross-linking polyglucans having branched chains intermolecularly and/or intramolecularly or cross-linked homooligomers obtained by cross-linking .alpha.-1,4-linked homooligomers of glucose intermolecularly can selectively adsorb glucoamylase and/or .beta.-amylase thereto. By the use of such three-dimensional, cross-linked high molecular weight substances, glucoamylase and .beta.-amylase can be isolated and purified extremely efficiently.

Abstract: A culturing method and system are disclosed in which a cell culture broth in withdrawn from a culturing apparatus to a filteration apparatus. The withdrawn broth in brought into contact with a membrane for precision filteration. Then a non-toxic gas is brown into the broth, while filtering the broth to separate the cells and breaking foams occurring on the surface of the broth due to gas bubbling. The separated cells are returned to the vessel and the filterate is withdrawn from the filteration apparatus.The method and system have such advantages that a perfusion culture of a long period of time can be realized because the clogging of the filteration membrane is effectively prevented.

Abstract: An apparatus for culturing animal cells, includes a diagnosis system to make it possible to diagnose by measuring sizes of the cells by means of image processing while a system of culturing the animal cells is cut off from the outside of the apparatus system, a control system to control the culture conditions of a culturing cistern on the basis of a result of the diagnosis, and a culture medium regenerating system to remove waste contents in a culture medium. In the apparatus of this invention, the culture system and diagnosis system are cut off from the outside of the apparatus system. Therefore, no infection of miscellaneous microorganism, etc., occurs, nor does consumption of valuable cells and products occur. Further, since it is possible to easily obtain data of the proportions of division potential-possessing cells and living cells, the environmental factors to the culturing cistern can be easily and instantly controlled based on the data, and therefore, the culturing efficiency can be enhanced.

Abstract: A measuring instrument that must transmit predetermined wavelengths of optical radiation has an optical filter assembly that can be conveniently manufactured. The optical filter assembly can be coated to provide optical coatings on either side of the substrate, and a masking layer can be deposited to encompass the peripheral edges of the optical coatings and exposed portions of the substrate to eliminate the problem of optical noise resulting from optical radiation contact with the edges of the coating layers.

Abstract: A recording medium comprising a substrate and a non-porous ink receiving layer is provided. The ink receiving layer contains a water-insoluble polymer containing a cationic resin. The recording medium may be employed for recording by attaching droplets of a recording liquid thereon.

Abstract: A method for thermal transfer printing on an OHP sheet, comprising the steps of laying a backing sheet on a surface of said OHP sheet opposite a printing surface thereof, and conducting printing the printing surface of said OHP sheet by the use of a thermal transfer printer.

Abstract: A screen printer comprising a squeegee for applying a printing material to a work face when the squeegee moves on an upper side face of a screen while being kept in contact therewith, a doctor for uniforming a thickness of the printing material left on the upper side face of the screen, and a cleaner including a scraping bucket which moves on the underside face of the screen while being kept in contact therewith so as to scrape the printing material attached to the underside face of the screen upon applying operation of the squeegee. The scraping bucket comprises a bucket body formed into a concave shape with an open top in profile, and a scraping strip formed on an end of one side wall of the bucket body, which is inclined toward an advance direction of the scraping bucket.

Abstract: A composite molded article made of a nonwoven fibrous mat wherein inorganic monofilaments having a length of 10 to 200 mm and a diameter of 2 to 30 micrometers are partially bonded with a thermoplastic resin binder, may voids being provided throughout the mat and a large number of fine holes communicating with the voids in the inside being formed in at least one surface of the mat; and processes for producing the same.

Abstract: An infrared ray detector assembly for detecting a plurality of components such as hydrocarbons, CO.sub.2 and CO gases includes a housing member having a hollow interior and a portion transmissible to infrared rays and a holder member mounted within the hollow interior and having a plurality of separate compartments. An infrared detector is mounted in each compartment, and an optical filter is mounted over each compartment, abutting adjacent filters to respectively limit the wavelength band to each infrared detector, each optical filter having a substrate of approximately the same material and thickness.

Abstract: A centrifugal separation method for living cells is disclosed in which a cell containing solution is charged in a rotor chamber confined by a steam pressure-resistant wall. A rotor having septa is disposed in the rotor chamber. The septa are rotatable in the same direction at the same angular velocity as the rotor while at least part thereof is immersed in a solution in the rotor when cells are to be centrifuged from the cell-containing solution. After the cells are separated and adhered to the inner surface of the rotor, a supernatant in the rotor is discharged from the rotor. Then a fresh cultivating medium is introduced into the rotor, and the septa and the rotor are rotated at mutually different angular velocities while at least part of the septa is immersed in the fresh medium in the rotor. As a result, the cells are again suspended in the fresh medium.