Abstract: An insulating film for a secondary battery, which has desired insulating property and heat resistance, and which contributes to an increase of the energy density of a battery without considerable increase of the thickness. An insulating film for a secondary battery, including a substrate film which is a polyolefin microporous membrane, and having a metal oxide contained in the substrate film. In the insulating film, the metal oxide is contained in at least some of micropores and is present on the inner wall of the micropores. A method for producing the insulating film for a secondary battery is a method of spraying a solution containing an alkyl compound corresponding to a metal of the metal oxide and/or a partial hydrolysate of the alkyl compound over the substrate film, and drying the solution.

Abstract: A composition is provided which contains an organic zinc compound represented by general formula R1—Zn—R1, in which R1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and an organic metal compound containing a metal element whose oxide has a band gap smaller than 3.2 eV. The composition can be used to form a zinc oxide film by a droplet coating method, such as a spray coating method, at a base material temperature of less than 200° C. A method for producing a zinc oxide film involves coating the composition in the form of droplets at a base material temperature of less than 200° C. to form the zinc oxide film. Using this method, it is possible to provide a zinc oxide thin film having an ultraviolet ray absorption ability, excellent visible light permeability, and a thickness of 1 ?m or less.

Abstract: A method for causing sending and receiving of an encrypted file between a sending user terminal and a receiving user terminal connected via a network to be performed in a secret state via a management server is provided. The sending user terminal encrypts an original file and then fragments the original file into a plurality of divided files, creates a plurality of combined files formed by combining a plurality of the divided files, and distributes and saves the combined files to which restoration information for opening the combines files has been added in a plurality of online storages. The receiving user terminal can open the combined files obtained from the online storages by using the restoration information received from the management server to extract the divided files included in the combined files, and can restore the original file from the divided files.

Abstract: An aluminum oxide article containing at least aluminum atoms and oxygen atoms is described. When observed under a transmission electron microscope, a cross section of the aluminum oxide article contains crystallized parts, in which a crystal lattice image is recognizable, and a non-crystallized part, in which no crystal lattice image is recognizable, and has an island-and-sea structure consisting of isolated parts containing the crystallized parts and the continuous non-crystallized part. The isolated parts correspond to island parts in the island-and-sea structure, the continuous non-crystallized part corresponds to a sea part, and a plurality of the island parts are uniformly distributed in the sea part. An aluminum oxide for improving the battery performance of a lithium ion secondary battery, the scratch resistance and hardness of a cured film, and the gas barrier properties of a gas barrier film is provided.

Abstract: A method for causing sending and receiving of an encrypted file between a sending user terminal and a receiving user terminal connected via a network to be performed in a secret state via a management server. The sending user terminal encrypts an original file and then fragments the original file into a plurality of divided files, creates a plurality of combined files formed by combining a plurality of the divided files, and distributes and saves the combined files to which restoration information for opening the combines files has been added in a plurality of online storages. The receiving user terminal can open the combined files obtained from the online storages by using the restoration information received from the management server to extract the divided files included in the combined files, and can restore the original file from the divided files, a number of the divided files being equal to or more than a threshold value.

Abstract: A composition is provided which contains an organic zinc compound represented by general formula R1—Zn—R1, in which R1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and an organic metal compound containing a metal element whose oxide has a band gap smaller than 3.2 eV. The composition can be used to form a zinc oxide film by a droplet coating method, such as a spray coating method, at a base material temperature of less than 200° C. A method for producing a zinc oxide film involves coating the composition in the form of droplets at a base material temperature of less than 200° C. to form the zinc oxide film. Using this method, it is possible to provide a zinc oxide thin film having an ultraviolet ray absorption ability, excellent visible light permeability, and a thickness of 1 ?m or less.

Abstract: An aluminum oxide article containing at least aluminum atoms and oxygen atoms is described. When observed under a transmission electron microscope, a cross section of the aluminum oxide article contains crystallized parts, in which a crystal lattice image is recognizable, and a non-crystallized part, in which no crystal lattice image is recognizable, and has an island-and-sea structure consisting of isolated parts containing the crystallized parts and the continuous non-crystallized part. The isolated parts correspond to island parts in the island-and-sea structure, the continuous non-crystallized part corresponds to a sea part, and a plurality of the island parts are uniformly distributed in the sea part. An aluminum oxide for improving the battery performance of a lithium ion secondary battery, the scratch resistance and hardness of a cured film, and the gas barrier properties of a gas barrier film is provided.

Abstract: Provided are an electrolytic solution for sodium-ion secondary battery, the solution having sodium-ion conductivity, and including a sodium salt and a non-aqueous solvent, wherein the non-aqueous solvent includes a fluorophosphate ester and propylene carbonate, and a content of the fluorophosphate ester in the non-aqueous solvent is 5 to 50 mass %; and a sodium-ion secondary battery including the same.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing a solution that contains LiPF6 by increasing thermal stability of LiPF6 without changing the structure thereof; an electrolyte solution for nonaqueous secondary batteries, which has increased thermal stability; and a nonaqueous secondary battery which has increased thermal stability. The solution containing LiPF6 contains a phosphoric acid ester amide in such an amount that the molar ratio of the phosphoric acid ester amide relative to LiPF6 is 0.001-2.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide: a method for stabilizing a solution that contains LiPF6 by increasing thermal stability of LiPF6 without changing the structure thereof; an electrolyte solution for nonaqueous secondary batteries, which has increased thermal stability; and a nonaqueous secondary battery which has increased thermal stability. [Solution] To have a solution containing LiPF6 contain a phosphoric acid ester amide represented by general formula (I) in such an amount that the molar ratio of the phosphoric acid ester amide relative to LiPF6 is 0.001-2.

Abstract: Disclosed is a silicon optical waveguide having a small optical loss and no polarization dependency. The silicon optical waveguide is formed on a silicon substrate with an embedded oxide film therebetween, the plane orientation of the surface of the silicon optical waveguide is the (110) plane, the plane orientation of the side wall is the (111) plane, and the recesses and projections of the side wall are planarized at an atomic level.

Abstract: In order to provide a compact optical module permitting highly efficient optical coupling and having components thereof highly densely packaged, a light emitting diode that is included in the optical module and emits light in a vertical direction with respect to a principal surface of a semiconductor substrate is provided with a lens integrated into a light emitting region, and a retaining section integrated to surround the light emitting region. Accordingly, readiness in alignment of the light emitting diode and an optical fiber, which guides light emitted from the light emitting diode, with each other is upgraded. Eventually, the compact optical module permitting highly efficient optical coupling and having components thereof highly densely packaged can be provided.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a germanium laser diode that can be easily formed on a substrate such as silicon by using a normal silicon process and can emit light efficiently. A germanium light-emitting device according to the present invention is a germanium laser diode characterized in that tensile strain is applied to single-crystal germanium serving as a light-emitting layer to be of a direct transition type, a thin semiconductor layer made of silicon, germanium or silicon-germanium is connected adjacently to both ends of the germanium light-emitting layer, the thin semiconductor layer has a certain degree of thickness capable of preventing the occurrence of quantum confinement effect, another end of the thin semiconductor layer is connected to a thick electrode doped with impurities at a high concentration, the electrode is doped to a p type and an n type, a waveguide is formed so as not to be in direct contact with the electrode, and a mirror is formed at an end of the waveguide.

Abstract: A wavelength tunable filter and a wavelength tunable laser module are a codirectional coupler type whose characteristics do not vary significantly with a process error. They are structured so as to include a semiconductor substrate which has a first optical waveguide and a second optical waveguide. The first and the second optical waveguides are extended from a first side of the semiconductor substrate to an opposing second side thereof. The first optical waveguide includes a first core layer, which has a planar layout having periodic convexes and concaves, and a pair of electrodes, which vertically sandwich the first core layer. The second optical waveguide includes a second core layer, which has a lower refractive index than the first core layer. Further, a layer having the same composition and film thickness as the second core layer is placed under the first core layer.

Abstract: A multi-wavelength light emitting device includes the following three sections; a light source section having multiple luminous points that emit multiple light beams, a condenser lens section that concentrates the light beams emitted from the luminous points, and a light guide section that propagates superposedly and mixedly the light beams concentrated by the condenser lens section after emission thereof from the luminous points.

Abstract: In an information storage device in which small partitions for storing information are three-dimensionally placed inside a solid, the invention aims at long-period storage, robustness, and rapid information reading. Accordingly, the stored three-dimensional information is divided into two-dimensional data for each layer, and two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform is previously applied for the two-dimensional data. The two-dimensional data is recorded in each layer in a Z direction inside a storage medium which is solid. When the information is reproduced, electromagnetic waves are irradiated to a storage area MA as gradually rotating the storage area MA around a z axis, and projection images of all layers during the rotation are obtained from response. By applying one-dimensional Fourier transform for a plurality of projection images obtained as described above, the recorded original three-dimensional information is rapidly reproduced.

Abstract: In order to provide a semiconductor laser element or an integrated optical device with high reliability, a horizontal-cavity semiconductor laser or an optical module includes a deeply dug DBR mirror serving as a cavity mirror, the deeply dug DBR mirror being composed of a material that is lattice-matched to a substrate and that has a band gap energy that does not absorb light emitted from an active layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a silicon optical waveguide having a small optical loss and no polarization dependency. The silicon optical waveguide is formed on a silicon substrate with an embedded oxide film therebetween, the plane orientation of the surface of the silicon optical waveguide is the (110) plane, the plane orientation of the side wall is the (111) plane, and the recesses and projections of the side wall are planarized at an atomic level.

Abstract: A wavelength tunable filter and a wavelength tunable laser module are a codirectional coupler type whose characteristics do not vary significantly with a process error. They are structured so as to include a semiconductor substrate which has a first optical waveguide and a second optical waveguide. The first and the second optical waveguides are extended from a first side of the semiconductor substrate to an opposing second side thereof. The first optical waveguide includes a first core layer, which has a planar layout having periodic convexes and concaves, and a pair of electrodes, which vertically sandwich the first core layer. The second optical waveguide includes a second core layer, which has a lower refractive index than the first core layer. Further, a layer having the same composition and film thickness as the second core layer is placed under the first core layer.

Abstract: A microscope includes an illuminating unit that includes an excitation light source emitting an excitation light, and a phosphor receiving the excitation light and emitting illumination light in a specific wavelength range. The illuminating unit illuminates a specimen with the illumination light. The microscope also includes an observation unit for observing the specimen illuminated by the illuminating unit.