Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier and a developing device to develop a latent image formed on the image carrier by applying two-component developer, including toner, onto the latent image. The developing device includes a developing part containing the two-component developer and a developer stirring device to stir the two-component developer. A toner supplying device supplies toner to the developing part of the developing device, and a toner density detection device detects a toner density of the two-component developer in the developing device. A toner control device calculates a difference between an output value VT of the toner density detection device and a criterion value VTref for controlling the toner density of the two-component developer and controls the toner supplying device based upon the difference.

Abstract: A image forming apparatus with a sensing control system having an optical sensor and a control device. An detected object is recognized by using the difference of an output characteristics correspond to a quantity of reflected light. Thus, one or more detected objects may be precisely detected by the one optical sensor.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided, which includes an image bearing member, a transfer roller having a shaft for transferring an image on the image bearing member to a transfer sheet, a bearing mechanism for supporting the shaft, a discharging device for discharging the transfer, and a joint mechanism which mechanically connects the discharging device with the transfer roller at both ends of the shaft. Both of the transfer roller and the discharging device can be integrally detached from and attached to the image forming apparatus without detaching/attaching the bearing mechanism, by use of a handle. Therefore, an operation for replacing the transfer roller and the discharging device can be performed easily.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a charging element configured to apply a charging voltage to an image bearing member to charge the image bearing member, an optical writing device configured to form a latent image on a charged surface of the image bearing member charged by the charging element, a developer bearing member which carries developer including toner having a same polarity as that of the charging voltage to the image bearing member and which applies the toner to the latent image on the image bearing member to form a toner image when a developing bias voltage is applied thereto, and a control device which controls application of the charging voltage by the charging element and application of the developing bias voltage to the developer bearing member so as to increase an absolute value of the charging voltage to the image bearing member and an absolute value of the developing bias voltage to the developer bearing member to a predetermined value in a plurality of steps, respectively and wherein the

Abstract: An image bearing member utilized in an image forming apparatus includes a cylindrical member on which an image is formed on a peripheral surface thereof. An image bearing member further includes a filling-up member which suppresses vibration of the cylindrical member by being inserted into an inner part of the cylindrical member, and an anaerobic adhesive which adheres and fixes an outer peripheral surface of the filling-up member to an inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member by osmosing into a clearance formed between the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member and the outer peripheral surface of the filling-up member. The anaerobic adhesive is placed inside of an end face of at least one side of the outer peripheral surface of the filling-up member, and an adhesion width is formed wherein the anaerobic adhesive is spread around an entire periphery of the outer peripheral surface of the filling-up member from an end face of the filling-up member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming apparatus is disclosed which is provided within a cleaning device with a rotative conveying member for conveying a residual toner after removal thereof from a photoreceptor up to an inlet of a toner dropping path while rotating. Within the toner dropping path is disposed a toner bridge preventing member for preventing the formation of a toner bridge in the same path. The toner bridge preventing member is driven by the rotative conveying member so as to reciprocate substantially in parallel with the toner dropping direction.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a latent image forming device that forms a latent image on the image bearing member, a developing device that develops latent image on said image bearing member to a toner image with a two-component developer, and a toner density detecting device that detects toner density of the two-component developer in which the toner image is formed and outputted as a visible image onto a transfer member. A control device is provided for agitating the developer for a predetermined time period during an initial setting is performed for the developer, detecting a toner density of said developer after the predetermined agitation, and performing an abnormal process when a result of the detection is out of the predetermined range.

Abstract: In manufacturing of an organic electroluminescence (EL) display device, after first electrodes are formed on a substrate, insulating films are formed on the first electrodes except regions corresponding to light emitting portions. Spacers are formed on the insulating films, and overhanging portions are formed so as to overhang the spacers. Thus, element isolating structure portions for isolating organic EL elements are formed. Then, organic EL films, second electrodes, and protecting films are sequentially formed between the spacers. In the thus formed light emitting portions of the organic EL display device, the bending angle of a bending portion of a pattern of the element isolating structure portion is larger than 90.degree..

Abstract: A plasma beam is directed towards a hearth to flow electric current of the plasma through the hearth during formation of a thin film on a substrate. The plasma beam is directed towards an auxiliary anode to flow electric current of the plasma through the auxiliary anode during the period after completion of the formation of the thin film on the substrate and before beginning of the formation of a thin film on the subsequent substrate.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member, a latent image forming device which forms a latent image on the image bearing member, a developing device which develops the latent image using a two-component developer including a toner and a carrier and a toner supplying device which supplies toner into the developing device. A developer agitating device agitates developer in the developing device and a toner-density detecting device detects a toner density of developer in the developing device. A toner-density control device controls the toner density by operating the toner supplying device on the basis of a detected result according to the toner-density detecting device. A memory device stores resultant value of the toner density detected by the toner-density detecting device during image forming operations. The toner-density detecting device detects the toner density in a warm-up operation before starting the image forming operation by the image forming apparatus.

Abstract: A vehicle having a man power driving system in which a driving force by man power is applied through a gear change mechanism to rotate a wheel, an a motor driving system in which the wheel is rotated by a driving force of a motor. The man power driving system is equipped with a torque detector for detecting a man power driving force so as to drive the motor according to a magnitude of the man power driving force detected by the turque detector. A particularly durable gear change mechanism is not required, and thus a common gear change mechanism for bicycle can be used, thereby simplifying construction.

Abstract: A magnet motor stator where a magnet of a pole of a stator includes multiple magnets. Each magnet can be flat and made from rare-earth materials. It is thus possible to manufacture these magnet motor stators at a lower cost accompanied by a reduction in size and weight for the magnet motor.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus which is capable of adjusting toner density in response to variations of humidity. The image forming apparatus includes a toner density detector that detects the density of toner inside an image developer, a humidity detector that detects toner humidity inside the image forming apparatus, and a controller that controls a toner supplier on the basis of the toner density detected by the toner density detector and that adjusts the toner density in accordance with variations of humidity detected by the humidity detector. The humidity detector is located at a position where the humidity detector can detect humidity of air around the image developer and where the humidity detector is minimally affected by heated air.

Abstract: There is provided an image forming device capable of preventing smudges on the background of an image due to excess toner replenishment caused by a failure in stirring developer and toner enough to charge the toner or scattering of replenished toner without being charged. A toner conveying member for conveying replenished toner from a toner replenishing portion through a toner replenishing port to a developer stirring and conveying member is constructed by a screw member unitarily formed with the developer stirring and conveying member. The screw member has a spiral conveying fin capable of conveying the replenished toner at relatively high speed. The replenished toner is delivered to a toner replenishing portion provided in the upstream of a developer receiving portion of the screw member.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, a latent image electrostatically formed on a photoconductive element is developed by a two-ingredient type developer consisting of toner and carrier. The photoconductive element has a life coincident with the life of the developer. When the photoconductive element and developer reach the end of their life, they are replaced at the same time.

Abstract: An agitator apparatus for agitating pellets of raw material of synthetic resins includes an agitation vessel for receiving pellets and coloring agents and removably housed in a supporting frame. An agitator is mounted elevatably on the supporting frame for entering into and withdrawing from the vessel. The agitator has a plurality of agitating legs and agitating blades which are mounted to respective lower ends of the agitating legs. The agitation vessel is provided in the center bottom thereof with an upright guiding pillar to which a stationary blade is fixed and is provided in the inner peripheral wall thereof with a plurality of mixing blades for agitating the pellets together with coloring agents in the agitation vessel to accomplish uniform coloring of the pellets.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, a latent image electrostatically formed on a photoconductive element is developed by a two-ingredient type developer consisting of toner and carrier. The photoconductive element has a life coincident with the life of the developer. When the photoconductive element and developer reach the end of their life, they are replaced at the same time.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus comprises a vacuum chamber, a plasma beam generator arranged in the vacuum chamber, and a main hearth located in the vacuum chamber and is for carrying out a step of a plasma beam produced by the plasma beam generator to the main hearth. The plasma processing apparatus further comprises a permanent magnet and a hearth coil arranged in the vicinity of the main hearth to be concentric with a center axis of the main hearth to be concentric with a center axis of the main hearth. The meltability of a material and the flight distribution of the vapor particles derived from a vaporizable material are adjusted by varying an electric current supplied to the hearth coil.

Abstract: In a plasm beam generating apparatus comprising a plasma source and an anode portion for receiving a plasma beam, a magnetic field generating device is arranged between the plasma source and the anode portion along an orbit of the plasma beam to generate magnetic field having magnetic gradient such that space charges are generated. The magnetic field generating device accelerates electron flow in the plasma beam to supply accelerated electron flow to the anode portion.

Abstract: Accumulated toner and other particulate contaminants are removed from rollers, such as charging and transferring rollers, and conveyed to a collection receptacle positioned about the rotating path of an image bearing member, such as a photoconductive drum. In one embodiment, accumulated toner removed from a charging roller is recycled for development.