Abstract: Three dimensional optical structures are described that can have various integrations between optical devices within and between layers of the optical structure. Optical turning elements can provide optical pathways between layers of optical devices. Methods are described that provide for great versatility on contouring optical materials throughout the optical structure. Various new optical devices are enabled by the improved optical processing approaches.

Abstract: Compounds according to general formula 1, wherein G1 is NR6R7 or a group according to general formula 3 and G2 NR24R25 or a fused polycyclic group are novel. They are selective and potent oxytocin agonists. Pharmaceutical compositions of such compounds are useful in the treatment of, inter alia, erectile dysfunction.

Abstract: The invention relates to manual shaving razors. Particularly, the present invention relates to a shaving razor with a handle with a shaving razor head at each of opposite ends of the razor handle.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for mixing at least two reactants is taught wherein a first reactant is delivered to a reaction zone through a first annular flow path and a second reactant is delivered to the reaction zone through a second annular flow path. The first and second annular flow paths are concentric with one another and the two reactants intermix with one another in the reaction zone. There is a rotating disc having a surface, defining one boundary of the reaction zone. The flow of the first and second reactants across the rotating disc and through the reaction zone is generally radial and has a residence time in the reaction zone of not more than about 100 msec, and preferably not more than about 50 msec. The reaction zone resides in a main reactor vessel and there is a driven agitator residing in the main reactor vessel to stir the contents thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to manual shaving razors. Particularly, the present invention relates to a shaving razor with a handle with a shaving razor head at each of opposite ends of the razor handle.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for mixing at least two reactants is taught wherein a first reactant is delivered to a reaction zone through a first annular flow path and a second reactant is delivered to the reaction zone through a second annular flow path. The first and second annular flow paths are concentric with one another and the two reactants intermix with one another in the reaction zone. There is a rotating disc having a surface, defining one boundary of the reaction zone. The flow of the first and second reactants across the rotating disc and through the reaction zone is generally radial and has a residence time in the reaction zone of not more than about 100 msec, and preferably not more than about 50 msec. The reaction zone resides in a main reactor vessel and there is a driven agitator residing in the main reactor vessel to stir the contents thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for mixing at least two reactants is taught wherein a first reactant is delivered to a reaction zone through a first annular flow path and a second reactant is delivered to the reaction zone through a second annular flow path. The first and second annular flow paths are concentric with one another and the two reactants intermix with one another in the reaction zone. There is a rotating disc having a surface, defining one boundary of the reaction zone. The flow of the first and second reactants across the rotating disc and through the reaction zone is generally radial and has a residence time in the reaction zone of not more than about 100 msec, and preferably not more than about 50 msec. The reaction zone resides in a main reactor vessel and there is a driven agitator residing in the main reactor vessel to stir the contents thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for mixing at least two reactants is taught wherein a first reactant is delivered to a reaction zone through a first annular flow path and a second reactant is delivered to the reaction zone through a second annular flow path. The first and second annular flow paths are concentric with one another and the two reactants intermix with one another in the reaction zone. There is a rotating disc having a surface, defining one boundary of the reaction zone. The flow of the first and second reactants across the rotating disc and through the reaction zone is generally radial and has a residence time in the reaction zone of not more than about 100 msec, and preferably not more than about 50 msec. The reaction zone resides in a main reactor vessel and there is a driven agitator residing in the main reactor vessel to stir the contents thereof.

Abstract: A wafer processing apparatus and method of processing a wafer utilizing a processing slurry are provided. The wafer processing disk comprises a processing disk body and a plurality of processing teeth secured to the processing disk body. The plurality of processing teeth project from the disk body to define respective processing surfaces. The plurality of processing teeth include at least one pair of spaced adjacent teeth defining a processing channel there between. The processing channel is shaped such that the cross sectional area of the processing channel decreases as a function of its distance from the processing disk body.

Abstract: A cleaving tool provides pressurized gas to the edge of a substrate in combination with a sharpened edge to cleave the substrate at a selected interface. The edge of the tool is tapped against the perimeter of a substrate, such as a bonded substrate, and a burst of gas pressure is then applied at approximately the point of contact with the edge of the tool. The combination of mechanical force and gas pressure separates the substrate into two halves at a selected interface, such as a weakened layer in a donor wafer.

Abstract: A wafer processing apparatus and method of processing a wafer utilizing a processing slurry are provided. The wafer processing disk comprises a processing disk body and a plurality of processing teeth secured to the processing disk body. The plurality of processing teeth project from the disk body to define respective processing surfaces. The plurality of processing teeth include at least one pair of spaced adjacent teeth defining a processing channel there between. The processing channel is shaped such that the cross sectional area of the processing channel decreases as a function of its distance from the processing disk body.

Abstract: Anthranilic acids of formula (I): wherein each of R to R9 is an organic substituent, n is 0 or 1, m is 0 or an integer of 1 to 6, q is 0 or 1, X is a direct bond, O, S, —S—(CH2)p or —O—(CHO2)p— wherein p is from 1 to 6 and Ar is an unsaturated carbocyclic or heterocyclic group, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, have activity as inhibitors of P-glycoprotein and may thus be used, inter alia, as modulators of multidrug resistance in the treatment of multidrug resistant cancers, for example to potentiate the cytotoxicity of a cancer drug.

Abstract: A wafer processing apparatus and method of processing a wafer utilizing a processing slurry are provided. The wafer processing disk comprises a processing disk body and a plurality of processing teeth secured to the processing disk body. The plurality of processing teeth project from the disk body to define respective processing surfaces. The plurality of processing teeth include at least one pair of spaced adjacent teeth defining a processing channel there between. The processing channel is shaped such that the cross sectional area of the processing channel decreases as a function of its distance from the processing disk body.

Abstract: A wafer processing apparatus and method of processing a wafer utilizing a processing slurry are provided. The wafer processing disk comprises a processing disk body and a plurality of processing teeth secured to the processing disk body. The plurality of processing teeth project from the disk body to define respective processing surfaces. The plurality of processing teeth include at least one pair of spaced adjacent teeth defining a processing channel there between. The processing channel is shaped such that the cross sectional area of the processing channel decreases as a function of its distance from the processing disk body.

Abstract: Debubbling apparatus may have many uses, for example, in the manufacture of photographic materials where bubbles are to be removed from liquid photographic emulsion prior to application of such emulsion to a supporting substrate, in the food processing industries or in confectionery manufacture where air bubbles are undesirable because they may harbour germs, or in blood transfusion apparatus where air bubbles present a potentially lethal hazard. Described herein is a debubbling apparatus which comprises a vessel having an outlet and an inlet spaced from one another longitudinally of the vessel, means for imparting rotational movement, about a longitudinal axis of the vessel to liquid passed through said vessel from said inlet to said outlet, and means for transmitting a beam of ultrasound along the axis of said vessel in the direction towards said inlet, from a location closer to said outlet than to said inlet.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a bioreactor for aerobically composting organic waste. The bioreactor includes a container for supporting the organic waste, a rotatably positioned lid cover for enclosing the container, a mixing assembly slidably mounted to the lid cover, and an aeration system for promoting the aerobic composting process. The mixing assembly is mounted to the lid cover using a slide system which permits the mixing auger to move radially within the container. The mixing assembly includes a mixing auger and a motor for rotating the mixing auger. Preferably, the mixing auger is configured with sharp cutting edges to facilitate grinding of the composting organic waste.

Abstract: The presence of bubbles on such photographic material, as is well known, results in significant defects in the photographic materials produced so that it is important, in the manufacture of such photographic materials, to detect the presence of such bubbles in the liquid emulsion and to take appropriate remedial action. Described herein is a bubble detector comprising a conduit for liquid to be monitored, the conduit having opposing flattened, generally parallel walls, and a transducer engaged with one of the generally parallel walls and operable to apply alternating displacements to one of the generally parallel walls, at an ultrasonic frequency, in a direction generally normal to the generally parallel walls to transmit sonic or ultrasonic waves through liquid passing through the conduit.

Abstract: Photographic emulsions comprise silver halide grains which are generally produced by reacting an aqueous silver salt solution, and an aqueous halide solution in an aqueous gelatin solution in a reaction vessel. However, it may often be difficult to control the formation of the grains to produce consistent and reproducible emulsions. Described herein is an improved nucleation device for mixing photographic emulsions. The device has three inlets through which the silver salt solution, the halide solution and the gelatin are introduced into the device. The inlets are respectively connected to tube member and passages, the tube member and passages being concentrically disposed about an axis. Solutions from the tube member and passage impinge on a rotating rotor in a first mixing zone. Solution from passage mixes with the mixture from the first mixing zone at a second mixing zone spaced therefrom.

Abstract: A sheet material detector has an ultrasonic transmitter and an ultrasonic receiver spaced from one another to permit the passage of a sheet of material therebetween in use. The transmitter and the receiver are mounted on a support to transmit and receive the ultrasonic beam respectively along an axis which is at an acute angle, preferably in the range from 50.degree. to 70.degree., in relation to the plane of the sheet material in use, and each of the transmitter and the receiver includes a hood for shielding the ultrasonic beam against contamination by stray sound waves reflected from extraneous bodies or at the surface of the web or sheet. The detector also includes output signal responsive to the received ultrasonic beam for generating an output signal. One application of the detector is in splice detecting apparatus for detecting the presence of splices in a web of material, and another application is in edge detecting apparatus for indicating the position of an edge of the web or sheet of material.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for composting organic waste in a container with an uneven aeration floor positioned above the bottom of the container. Preferably, the aeration floor slopes down and in from its outer edges to encourage liquid formed during composting to collect under the perforated center portion of the aeration floor. Preferably, the perforated center portion of the aeration floor is arched or peaked. This particular aeration floor configuration directs more air toward the center of the composting mass while minimizing the amount of air following the path of least resistance up the side wall. A chamber is defined by the aeration floor and the bottom of the container. Air enters (or exits) the chamber through an orifice and exits (or enters) the chamber through the perforations in the aeration floor. The container may also have a top wall or cover and a means for exhausting or introducing air through the top of the container.