Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a magnetic recording medium comprising the steps of forming a carbon protective film onto a disc, the non-magnetic substrate of which is layered with a non-magnetic base film and magnetic film, using a reactant gas containing carbon atoms as a starting material, according to a plasma CVD method, wherein a mixed gas of hydrocarbon and hydrogen, in which the mixing ratio of hydrocarbon to hydrogen is in the range of 2 to 1˜1 to 100 by volume, is used as a reactant gas, during bias applying to said disc In addition, the present invention provides a magnetic recording medium comprising a carbon protective film formed onto a disc, the non-magnetic substrate of which is layered with a non-magnetic base film and magnetic film, wherein said carbon protective film is formed according to a plasma CVD method, while applying bias

Abstract: A sidelight type light source device increases the quantity of light in a corner portion of a light guide plate at low cost while meeting a demand for picture frame narrowing. An incident surface receives light from a stick-shaped light source. The incident surface includes a first incident surface its center a pair or second incident surfaces at the ends of the first incident surface. The second incident surfaces are formed on a corner portion in a width direction of the light guide plate. The second incident surfaces are set back from the first incident surface taken as a reference. Accordingly, a light introducing route is defined between the second incident surface and rubber blocks at the ends of a fluorescent light source. Light from the fluorescent lamp passes along the light introducing route where it is directly incident on the second incident surfaces of the light guide plate.

Abstract: A multi-pattern is formed to have a plurality of read/write elements on a plane. A medium is formed on a single crystal of Si substrate. A motion of the head relative to the medium is made a simple harmonic motion to form linear recorded bits. This allows fabricating a storage system which provides features of small size, high recording density, high transfer rate, and short access time all at once. The recording density accomplished by the small storage system is extremely high, and may be as high as 10 gigabits per square inch.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium wherein, when the axis of easy magnetization of the magnetic recording medium for magnetically recording information by means of a magnetic head is projected onto a surface of the magnetic recording medium, the axis projected onto the surface of the magnetic recording medium exists so as to be unidirectionally inclined with respect to the direction of a track on which information is to be recorded, whereby, by using the magnetic recording medium, there can be provided a magnetic head and a magnetic read-write apparatus greatly improved in longitudinal recording density.

Abstract: The magnetoresistance effect element is of a multilayered structure having at least magnetic layers and an intermediate layer comprised of an insulating material, a semicondcutor or an antiferromagnetic material against said magnetic layers, and the magnetoresistance effect element has terminals formed with at least on the opposite magnetic layers, respectively, so that a current is sure to be flowed in the intermediate layer. The film surfaces of all the magnetic layers constituting the magnetoresistance effect element are opposed substantially at right angles to the recording surface of a magnetic recording medium. Therefore, the area of the magnetic layers facing the recording surface of the magnetic recording medium can be extremely reduced, and thus the magnetic field from a very narrow region of the high-density recorded magnetic recording medium can be detected by the current which has a tunneling characteristic and passes through the intermediate layer.

Abstract: A hydrogenated or fluorinated carbon protective film is formed on a disk through a plasma CVD method by use of a hydrocarbon-containing reaction gas as a raw material, where the disk comprises a non-magnetic substrate on which a non-magnetic undercoat film and a magnetic film are successively formed, wherein the protective film has a thickness of 2.2 g/cm3 or more.

Abstract: The present invention relates a process for producing the quinoline derivative (3) via the nitrile compound (1) obtained by reacting the aldehyde compound represented by formula (2) with diethyl cyanomethylphosphonate and its intermediate (1).

Abstract: An insulating bushing of an electret condenser microphone is disposed on the rear side of a back electrode portion and abuts against the rear surface of back electrode plate. When a predetermined force is applied to the insulating bushing from the opened end of the case by way of a fixing ring and a printed circuit board, the insulating bushing deforms so as to fit into a gap formed between the inner peripheral face of the case and an end portion of the back electrode plate. Since the insulating bushing fits between the inner peripheral face of the case and the end portion of the back electrode plate, the back electrode plate is positioned and fixed with respect to the case in a state where the back electrode plate and the case are electrically insulated from each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a magnetic recording medium comprising the steps of forming a carbon protective film onto a disc, the non-magnetic substrate of which is layered with a non-magnetic base film and magnetic film, using a reactant gas containing carbon atoms as a starting material, according to a plasma CVD method, wherein a mixed gas of hydrocarbon and hydrogen, in which the mixing ratio of hydrocarbon to hydrogen is in the range of 2 to 1˜1 to 100 by volume, is used as a reactant gas, during bias applying to said disc. In addition, the present invention provides a magnetic recording medium comprising a carbon protective film formed onto a disc, the non-magnetic substrate of which is layered with a non-magnetic base film and magnetic film, wherein said carbon protective film is formed according to a plasma CVD method, while applying bias.

Abstract: The proposed magnetic storage apparatus has the following features. The frequency at which data is recorded is selected to be 45 MHz. The thickness, resistivity and relative permeability of the magnetic film of which the magnetic poles of the magnetic head used in the apparatus are made are designed considering the eddy current loss. Also, the relation of &mgr;d2/&rgr;≦500 is satisfied where d (&mgr;m) is the thickness of the magnetic film of which the magnetic poles of the magnetic head are made, &rgr; (&mgr;&OHgr;-cm) is the resistivity, and &mgr; is the relative permeability in a low-frequency range. Under these conditions, the amount of attenuation of recording magnetic field is reduced to 10% or below, and problems of writing blur and overwrite value variation which occur as the recording frequency changes can be solved. Moreover, the media data rate is 15 megabytes per sec., and the areal data-recording density is 500 megabits per square inch or more.

Abstract: The proposed magnetic storage apparatus has the following features. The frequency at which data is recorded is selected to be 45 MHz. The thickness, resistivity and relative permeability of the magnetic film of which the magnetic poles of the magnetic head used in the apparatus are made are designed considering the eddy current loss. Also, the relation of &mgr;d2/&rgr;≦500 is satisfied where d (&mgr;m) is the thickness of the magnetic film of which the magnetic poles of the magnetic head are made, &rgr;(&mgr;&OHgr;-cm) is the resistivity, and &mgr;is the relative permeability in a low-frequency range. Under these conditions, the amount of attenuation of recording magnetic field is reduced to 10% or below, and problems of writing blur and overwrite value variation which occur as the recording frequency changes can be solved. Moreover, the media data rate is 15 megabytes per sec., and the areal data-recording density is 500 megabits per square inch or more.

Abstract: A dial gauge (1A) has stem bush (20) having a fitting (21) fitted to an inner wall of a stem (5) and having a predetermined clearance between a spindle (3), a holder (22) for slidably holding the spindle (3) while securing a predetermined clearance against the inner wall of the stem (5), and an elastically deformable connector (23) for connecting the fitting (21) and the holder (22), whereby an influence of deformation of the stem (5) and the fitting (21) on the holder (22) during clamping can be minimized, so that the dial gauge (1A) can be fixed to a supporting stand without deteriorating slidability of the spindle (3).

Abstract: The magnetoresistance effect element is of a multilayered structure having at least magnetic layers and an intermediate layer of an insulating material, a semicondutor or an antiferromagnetic material against the magnetic layers, and the magneto-resistance effect element has terminals formed at least on the opposite magnetic layers, respectively, so that a current flows in the intermediate layer. The film surfaces of all the magnetic layers constituting the magnetoresistance effect element are opposed substantially at right angles to the recording surface of a magnetic recording medium. Therefore, the area of the magnetic layers facing the recording surface of the magnetic recording medium can be extremely reduced, and thus the magnetic field from a very narrow region of the high-density recorded magnetic recording medium can be detected by the current which has a tunneling characteristic and passes through the intermediate layer.

Abstract: A low noise magnetic recording medium having a high coercive force and adapted for use with a MR head. The magnetic recording medium comprises a non-magnetic substrate having thereon a first non-magnetic underlayer and a magnetic layer comprising a Co alloy provided on the non-magnetic underlayer. The non-magnetic underlayer comprises an alloy represented by the formula: (Ni50Al)100−XMX, wherein M is one of Cr (X=1-40 at %), Mo (X=1-50 at %), W (X=1-60 at %), V (X=1-35 at %), Zr (X=1-25 at %), Nb (X=1-35 at %) and Pd (X=1-25 at %), and when M includes two or more of Cr, Mo, W, V, Zr, Nb and Pd, X is from 1 to 60 at %.

Abstract: In an automotive door weather strip arrangement, including a primary door weather strip for sealing an inner gap between a door sash of an automotive door and a body panel, and a secondary door weather strip for sealing an outer gap between the door sash and the body panel, a first seal lip extending from the primary door weather strip overlaps a second seal lip extending from an opposing surface of the secondary door weather strip. Thus, a favorable sealing can be achieved by the slidable contact between the first seal lip and the second seal lip. Because the contact pressure between the two seal lips is not affected by the deformation of either one of the door weather strips, a permanent set of the seal lips can be avoided. Because the contact area between the two seal lips extends over an area of a certain size, a highly effective and durable sealing performance can be achieved.

Abstract: Virtual tracks are set so that the rotation center of a magnetic recording medium or the vicinity of the rotation center coincides with the track center of the data information, and positioning servo control is performed. Thus, since it is not necessary to faithfully follow the track center line specified by the servo information that is previously recorded on the magnetic recording medium or magnetooptical recording medium, a vibration is not easily caused in synchronism with the rotation. Therefore, when the rotation center and the pattern center are deviated from each other, since a vibration is not caused in synchronism with the rotation, the magnetic head of the magnetic recorder or the magnetooptical head of the magnetooptical recorder is able to follow tracks with higher precision. Accordingly, the recording density can be increased.

Abstract: In a power steering apparatus having a control valve with a first control valve portion and a second control valve portion to enhance rigidity of a steering operation, an amount of an overlapping portion of an overlap variable orifice is designed larger than an amount of an unlapping portion of an untapped variable orifice in the control valve because of dispersion during manufacture. When the overlap variable orifice finishes overlapping, the unlapped variable orifice has already started unlapping. Therefore, since the overlap variable orifice and the unlapped variable orifice never become unlapping form simultaneously regardless of the dispersion, the control valve is capable of minimizing a difference of the flow between a plurality of the second control valve portion. As a result, the power steering apparatus relative to the invention prevents enlargement of noise caused by an unbalance of the flow between a plurality of the second control valve portions in the control valve.

Abstract: An electrical base 32 having a stationary detection element 31 is fixed to a body case 11 movably supporting a spindle 13, and a synthetic resin made scale holder 34 is provided to synchronize with the spindle 13 and move through a guide 33. In addition, a scale 36 having a movable detection element 35 is adherently fixed to the scale holder 34 at a plurality of points. More specifically, a projection 51 is fixed through an adhesive layer 52 to the back face of the scale 36, and held in a accommodating hole 46 formed in the scale holder 34, and then adhered through an adhesive layer 53 in the circumferential direction. As a result, the reduction in weight can be achieved and a disadvantage with the reduction in weight (which is that a gap between a stationary detection element and a movable detection element is changed) can be resolved.

Abstract: A magnetic storage apparatus exploits the inherent characteristics of a magnetoresistive element to improve the performance of a magnetic head employing the element. Variations in element height or element thickness of the magnetoresistive element are considered in the selection of a sense current appropriate to the element size, by measuring the voltage between the terminals of the magnetoresistive head and controlling the sense current so that the output reference voltage approaches a predetermined value. In another embodiment, the sense current is controlled so that the voltage amplitude or a reference amplitude are set to a predetermined value. In both embodiments, a conversion table is preferably used to relate voltage amplitudes with sense currents, whereby an appropriate sense current is selected based upon the voltage amplitude.

Abstract: A process for producing 2,2'-bis(hydroxymethyl)alkanoic acid of the present invention, comprises:a 2,2'-bis(hydroxymethyl)alkanal production step (A1) of reacting aliphatic aldehyde having two hydrogen atoms bonded to .alpha.